Fallacy Critical Thinkings Samples For Students

- After Bob and Carol bought a video game console for their child, Greg, they began to notice a change in his behavior. When they could pry him away from games for dinner, he would be verbally abusive at the table. He would also punch walls in frustration, and even kicked over a glass table in the house. Bob and Carol blame video games for Greg’s violent behavior.The following conclusion suffers from which type of fallacy?This fallacy found in this case can be said to be a correlation implies causation fallacy otherwise known as Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc this is because ...

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Introduction

Smoking has very deleterious effects on the human health. Smoking can cause serious lung diseases including lung cancer. A person who is involved in smoking acquires illnesses due to the harmful chemicals. These chemicals are gained inside the body where it affects the blood and other organs particularly lungs. Smoking can cause infections and cancer of lungs. Therefore, smoking can be lethal to human life. In addition to this smoking also affects the persons surrounding the smoker. Passive smoking also has harmful effects on the ...

Introduction

The simplest way define a fallacy is that it is the logical error in an argument or evaluation of a policy. Additionally, it can be the incorrect argument in rhetoric and logic that results in a lack of validity (Laurel 8 – 12). They are classified into formal and informal fallacies. Others have defined fallacy to mean a mistake in belief that is based on certain unsound argument.
This paper identifies the ten fallacies as they are obtained in the political arena, explain how each of the identified fallacies are being employed, and the reason for the application of these fallacies. It should ...

In the essay sweatshirts to sweatshops several universal intellectual standards have been violated. To begin with, the speaker breaches the fairness that should be upheld in an argument by presenting the “little girl was working hour after hour while trying not to collapse from the heat” (Cournoyer, 2011). In putting this across, the speaker is attempting to influence the audience by invoking their emotions of sympathy on the little girl. Since the speaker’s argument is not based on facts, the audience can as well dismiss it. In fact, there might never have been a little girl in the actual ...

Introduction

Waterfall painting is a lithograph print that was printed on 1 October 1961 by M.C Escher who was a Dutch artist. This print shows a visible paradox where water from a waterfall base runs downhill along water path, prior to reaching to its top. The artist utilizes propositions that are conflicting in nature to create a paradox that can be seen. The leat of the waterfall has two Penrose triangles structure. These types of triangles are impossible objects that were designed by Lionel Penrose and his son.
According to this painting, M.C Escher violated a number of fallacies. A fallacy is a kind of reasoning ...

CHAPTER 4PART I4. How can critical thinkers counteract confirmation bias?

A critical thinker should seek information from different sources. An issue at hand is considered from different perspectives and using Six Thinking Hats technique.5 What is an expert?
An expert is a person who can acquire evidence and information that are superior to those of an ordinary person. 6 What should be our attitude toward a claim that conflicts with the expert opinion?
The claim that is inconsistent with the expert advice should not shut down the possibilities that the allegations are untrue. As the law may require we may be forced or use personal intuition to judge between ...

Stephen West in his podcast spends sometime trying to explain different kinds of fallacies and how they work and give examples of how each kind of fallacy could be used in an actual conversation or argument. One of the most interesting fallacies which West discusses is the slippery slope fallacy. The slippery slope fallacy works on the premise that one event or one major change to the way that things are done can cause a series of events which will lead to a horrible outcome. This fallacy is commonly used by opponents of certain changes that they think will ...

MEDIA FALLACIES

A fallacy is a type of argument that is similar to good reasoning though news readers find it not to be persuasive. Media fallacies are categorized into three levels, that is: top level, middle level and low level (Stonecipher, 1990, p. 5; Cohen, 2009, p. 88; Tindale, 2007)

The recent story of a car crash into a restaurant with people clearly had some fallacies. Deductions on media fallacies can be derived from the article regarding the Raleigh accident.

1. Generalization – this is where speakers conclude on an issue without sufficient evidence. This story has been generalized mainly to create an exciting experience ...

3 Commercial Analyses

The car company Lexus has a TV advertisement that breaks the tradition of form of most car commercials. Most car commercials feature a car driving along an urban or rural roadway. Amazing in motion starts with full band music with the letters “Amazing in Motion” appearing above a Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton. Then the scene jumps to a number of flying futuristic drones. They move with personality and do not seem robotic. The music in the background is uplifting orchestral music that guides the drones music. They fly through city streets and museums and finally they fly into the sky where ...

Judith Thomson's critique on abortion is almost surely the most extensively anthologized paper on the subject. It was issued one year prior to Roe v. Wade and Thomson disagrees in it for what may superlative be portrayed as a reasonable pro-choice position. The paper is not always simple to pursue; while the personal arguments are comprehensible, the general thread is occasionally less obvious.

Thomson starts by allowing for the characteristic anti-abortion argument. The critical principle, she articulates, is characteristically an assertion that the foetus is completely a full human being from the instant of conception. She upholds that this is false, ...

Fallacies of False Generalization

With fallacies of false generalization, or defective inductions, assumptions are made about people or things that may not necessarily apply to the situation at hand. In the case of Abu Ghraib and other morally ambiguous scenarios, the justification the soldiers may have had falls along these lines. By placing these terror suspects in cramped cells, and attributing some of the worst aspects of who they were hunting to everyone at the base, the soldiers there made a false generalization that everyone there was a terrorist and did not deserve human respect. By generalizing these prisoners based on their mere presence inside ...

Critical Thinking in Communication: Detecting Media Bias

Critical Thinking in Communication: Detecting Media Bias
The issue of illegal immigration has been discussed for decades. State and federal legislation has been drafted in order to respond to the issue, however, these policies have had an insignificant effect on the flow of people coming into the country illegally. In addition to the anemic effect that laws related to illegal immigration have on solving the problem, politicians will commonly leverage the issue as a means to manipulate their own popularity. The divisive nature of the issue is such that the nature of proposed response can influence the voting decisions ...

Donald Trump’s speech marks the businessman’s entrance in the presidential election race for 2016. His speech abounds of rhetorical devices such as language manipulation, propaganda, suggestions, diversions or emotional appeals, incorporating also statistics and verified data to support the presented arguments. Aligned with the principles of rhetoric, Trump’s speech announcing his candidacy to presidency has a sound structure and most importantly it fits the speaker’s communication style, reaching is intended audience.
The speed is addressed to all American citizens who have the right to vote, as they are the targeted individuals that Trump aims to ...

In his writing, Mark Dowie makes a claim that people essentially are a part of nature. Moreover, he encourages people to realize that and stop labeling an interconnected Universe either as “civilized” or of “wilderness”. For the writing to be comprehensively considered, the audience is required to possess some knowledge on the topic. As the essay enumerates a number of scholars’ and tribes’ names, political statements (such as The Wilderness Act) and tackles the topic of preservation, one may conclude for whom it was written. Thus, the supposed audience are researchers (biologists, anthropologists, ecologists etc.), environmental activists, including politicians ...

Business, Ethical and Legal issues

Business, Ethical and Legal issues

Rob's situation with Dusty puts him in a dilemma. The community, customers and board members of the firearms company exert pressure on him to relieve Dusty of his duties owing to his past as a criminal record after the exposure by a local publication following a tip from Dusty's former crime mate T-rex. On the other hand, Dusty has been exemplary in his job and has even been an important figure in the community owing to his voluntary service. Furthermore, Rob is aware that he has reformed and has already atoned for his crime ...

FIGURATIVE vs. LITERAL LANGUAGE.

Introduction.

Literal language means using a word in its specific, concise, original, and direct meaning. For instance, using a phrase ‘she is literally five inches tall’ implies that the actual height of the subject is five inches. Figurative language uses analogous, descriptive, and metaphorical sense of words (Glucksberg and MacGlone, 2001). It means ‘as or by a figure of speech’; For instance, saying ‘dead from work’ has a metaphorical meaning of being extremely tired of work. Figurative language does not only provide facts about an idea, but also encourages the use of imaginations. Some of the most commonly used figurative ...