Tunnel Research Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

The building of tunnels dates back to the canal age. The first English canal tunnel was that of James Brindley on the Bridgewater canal directly entering Worsely coal mine (Muir 14). It was opened in 1761 and subsequently extended. This marked the beginning of tunneling, with numerous tunnels on the extending canal network. Brindley’s next achievement was the Harecastle tunnel built on the summit of the Grand Trunk Canal that was later damaged by mining activities. Since then tunneling has been an important aspect as far as infrastructure is concerned not only in the construction industry but also ...

Fig 1: NDRC Techniques

Introduction

Non-Disruptive Road Crossings are manuals which outline unifying and standardizing measures of Road Engineering Practices. The significant objective of the project is to enhance the management, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of all roads and related infrastructures to ensure a safe and uniform operational and structural capacity throughout the road network in Dubai. The complexity in road construction and to some point other engineering projects leaves very little to be argued about on their significance with respect to the influence they have on the environment. It is a fact that projects like roads, bridges, and dams ...

The investigation on The Burj Dubai tower and the Taipei 101 building

The Burj Dubai tower
The Burj Dubai tower is one of the world tallest buildings to have ever been constructed by engineers. This type of a building wind forces and the resulting motions in the upper chamber of the building become some of the factors that call for a major concern in the construction of the building. Engineers had to make an extensive research programs in wind tunnels in the Rowan, Williams, Davies and Erwin (RWDI) 2.4 ×1.9 meter, and 4.9 × 2.4 meter boundary layer wind tunnels in Guelph, Ontario. In the wind tunnel program, it includes pedestrian wind environment ...

710 Expansion

Introduction

For over forty years the planning of extension of 710 state routes has been in the planning, the main aim was to ease traffic congestion and to facilitate air quality within the metropolitan area of Los Angeles County .The department of transportation in California and metropolitan transportation authority of the county of Los Angeles came up with proposal of a tunnel concept by extending the SR-710.With over 15.2 m in diameter and 17.7 km in length, the tunnel would stand to be among the world’s largest highway tunnels .This project has been challenged by a lot of opposition ...

In 2008, the Thames River was a polluted mess. There were many untreated sewage, industrial waste, and garbage deposits which made the river not only an environmental nightmare, but a risk to public health. The primary souce of the pollution in the Thames river was caused by thousands of gallons of untreated raw sewage, which overflowed into the river from the overwhelmed sewage treatment infrastructure in London during storms and periods of heavy rainfall. Due to inadequate funding for and development of infrastructure necessary to prevent ecological disasters like the mass expulsion of waste water into the Thames, the ...

DIATHERMY

Introduction
In this paper we will discuss about a treatment method for the patients of knee pain and other osteological disabilities. We will look into the basic principle on which it works, the diseases or pains that can be treated with the help of this particular therapy and the scopes of the procedure in the long run. We will also take a look into the literary works performed by various researchers in this regard. Many research workers have performed different researches to ascertain the effectiveness of the treatment procedure. We will analyze the success and applicability of this method ...

Solar power is cheap to run, efficient and, most importantly, carbon neutral. In this way, it is unlike many other energy sources, in particular non-renewable energy sources such as coal and oil. There are two main methods of harbouring and using solar energy; these are heat, or thermal energy, and light energy. Although the start-up costs can be relatively expensive, people who switch to solar power will not only make their investment back in time, via savings on traditional energy supplies, but will also be living a life which is less of a strain on the planet. Solar power, if used ...

Internet Protocol Security

IPsec is the short abbreviation for Internet Protocol Security which is referred to as the protocol suite used in securing the Internet Protocol (IP) network communications through encrypting and validating each IP packet (data sent over the internet) of a communication session. Internet Protocol security comprises procedures and protocols used in establishing a reciprocated authentication or verification procedure between artificially intelligent agents at the commencement of the interconnection period and the intercession of cryptographic keys to be used by the network user during the given time lease period (Black, 2000).
Internet Protocol security can be used in guarding data and ...

Fundamentals

When a fluid flows over the surface of a body, pressure is exerted on the body. This pressure multiplied by the surface area results into a force, since pressure is defined as this resultant force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. The component of this total force that is perpendicular to the direction of flow of the fluid is called the lift. The other component of this force that is parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid is called the drag. If the lift force is positive, the object is able to fly but if negative, the object ...

(Name of Student)
Over the last three decades, mobile phones have been used as a major tool for communication across the world. The mobile telephone technology has become cheaper by the day, rapidly increasing the number of people using cell phones. In the United States alone, an approximated 91% of adults own cell phones. Cell phone use has spread to all parts of the world, enabling communication between people an instant thing regardless of the distance between them.
Mobile phone manufacturers have continued to develop numerous features to support the user, for instance applications that have become popular ...

Introduction

Ashford University has been on a notable receiving end by natural disasters. The disasters that have been on the repeated hit on Ashford University include; Tornadoes, floods and storms (Matter 12-24). As a result, many things have been on the subjected to instances of destruction. In this regard, reports dictate that tornadoes have been an almost accepted phenomenon. Whenever heavy rain rains in their appropriate season’s rain, tornadoes have been engulfing the entire of Ashford’s main campus and the surrounding environs. In essence, the resultant effect of tornadoes to Ashford University has been overwhelming commencing from the time when ...

Introduction:

This research paper examines and discusses the economic links and conflicts prevailing between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) – mainland China – and its much smaller island neighbor, Taiwan, which calls itself the Republic of China (ROC). The two countries enjoy an uneasy truce – fundamentally because China does not recognize Taiwan as an independent nation, and has an ongoing ambition to bring Taiwan back as part of one unified China.
Taiwan and China are a little over 100 miles apart across the Taiwan Strait, which is part of the South China Sea and connects in the north to the ...

Introduction

Over the last 9 years, research analysts from different universities around the world have been carrying out studies aimed at finding out the specific effects of video games on both the children and adults. From these research studies, it emerged that video games may have positive and negative effects depending on the situation at hand and the type of game that is being played. One major problem that has been pointed out by different research analysts is the fact that video games may cause addiction in the brain leading to confusion between reality and fiction. They say that this ...