Essays on Computer Crime

Source: InfoSec Institute Web article, January 2016

Summary: This article was about Information security governance and Risk Management in CISSP domain. In the article some basic guiding principles for the security are highlighted, the security's fundamental principles revolve around the CIA i.e. confidentiality, integrity and availability. Confidentiality confirms that the data is confidential through personal identifying information, integrity ensures the accuracy of the data and it is not modified by anyone else and finally availability ensures that whenever the data is needed, it is available i.e. no DOS attacks or any other attacks stops the access of the data. The risk management talks about the analysis ...

Executive summary

The ever increasing use of computer based information system and internet in the personal, professional and commercial segments is accompanied by relevant collateral issues relating to privacy, security, and ethics as regards use of the system. The privacy and security issues mainly stem from two elements; advancement in information technology that makes privacy and security of information vulnerable to breaches, and inability of the service providers to adequately protect information and data. During 1970s Walter Maner introduced the term ‘computer ethics’ in order to define ethical problems aggravated, transformed, and created by information technology (Joshi, 2015). This paper is ...

Introduction

Several past decades have been characterized by a rapid increase in availability and the level of development of computer technology. The increased availability of both computer technologies and information about them called forth the development of such forms of criminal activities as computer fraud and computer crime. Rapid developments in new technologies call forth difficulties related to defining the terms “computer crime”. According to C.Franklin (2006), computer crime is the one, which uses or focuses on a computer for the purposes of criminal act. (p.8). Such synonyms as digital crime or cybercrime can be also used. The list of cybercrimes’ types ...

1. What key needs in local law enforcement agencies must be met to improve response to computer crimes? How is the issue of computer crime currently addressed, and how do you feel that law enforcement responses could improve? Explain.

The of the key needs in local law enforcement agencies in improving the response to computer crime is keeping pace with the Tech-savvy criminals. There are has been tremendous changes in the computer field. The computing environment is becoming more and more complex. As such, the computer criminals are also coming up with sophisticated ways of overcoming the security mechanism ...

Law enforcement is one of the many occupational areas where use of computers, software, and internet technology has had a major impact. These emerging technologies have touched all aspects of the crime investigation process and have provided efficiencies in time savings, increased accuracy, and increased access to information that was previously difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. Specifically, investigation has been altered at all stages of the process but particularly the gathering of information stage and the interview stage (Keisler, Daley, & Hagy, 2007). This paper will briefly discuss changes imparted by the use of emerging technology in these two ...

1. What should the Connecticut Company have done to prevent the computer intrusion described in this case? What should it have done to detect this computer intrusion?

After the computer system has been compromised with, and an intrusion is detected, a computer forensics investigation is necessary to stop further intrusion. The Connecticut Company ought to have put in place preventive measures in order to prevent intruders from accessing their information. In case, the preventive security measures fails, Intrusion Detection System, IDs, is implemented which completely detects any intrusion into the system, and, if the intruder is indentified necessary legal actions ...

What are Major Forms of Computer Crime?

There are many ways of committing computer crime. Computer crime includes computer system attack and the motivations to do so. Computer crime must involve a computer and is in most cases against the computer or use of the computer for committing the crime. Computer crimes are classified as military and intelligence attacks, business attacks, financial attacks, terrorist attacks, grudge attacks and thrill attacks. The objective of military attacks are mainly is to obtain secrets and restricted information from law enforcement or military research sources. Business attacks have focus on obtaining organizations confidential information. Financial attacks are carried out to obtain ...

Heading

This memorandum is in response to the problem that the local authorities are facing when it comes to apprehending criminals involved in cybercrimes. The real and present challenges that local authorities are trying to deal with cybercrimes is the lack of necessary knowledge and equipment to be able to suppress the growing number of cases related to internet crimes. The growth of technology advancements overwhelms the current justice system because of the difficulty in pointing out the culprits. More and ore sophisticated technology are being used to commit cybercrimes and the local police has to be well equipped and ...

Since the introduction of computers, human lives have been improved tremendously. Computers and computerized systems have become part of the human lives. They are used in everyday day, in almost all the industries and wings of life. The government and private sectors have endorsed the use of computers and computerized systems in all their operations. The good thing about this is that their works have been made more efficient and faster. Human labor has even been replaced in some industries by the computers and computerized systems. The performance of the employees is even monitored through computerized systems which is ...

Cyber and Technology Enabled Crime

Introduction Cybercrime or technology related crime has been on the rise with the advent of technology and the continued sophistication of life in this digital era. Besides the benefits that have flowed therefrom, technology has also brought along numerous challenges, key among them cybercrime (Sieber & Brunst, 2007). This paper is written with the main aim of examining the concept of cybercrime and the war against the vice, in a bid to ensure that online operators are safe and secure from all ills that technology engenders. In the first section, we discuss the term cybercrime and what it constitutes so ...

Question 1

There are number of federal agencies that are established to enforce law and prosecute crimes that are related to computer violation, computer fraud and computer crime. These agencies include Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIP), U.S. Department of Justice Criminal Division and Department of Justice’s Computer Crime and Intersexual Property section. These agencies also offer training to ensure that the law enforcement members are able to address the computer and electronic crimes and advanced technology crimes. These agencies conducts complex investigation, on the crime allegation, prevents and prosecutes crimes that are associated with digital technology and computer ...

Introduction

When designing a forensic laboratory, there should be efficient planning done. This is because a forensic laboratory should function effectively to avoid interruptions. A forensic laboratory handles sensitive criminal investigations and is the reason why this investigation process should not be interrupted. This calls for the budget committee to have effective planning so that there is a reserve fund for any emergencies. A computer forensics laboratory is a place that can be either permanent or temporary that is used to carry investigations that deal with computer crime. Computer forensic investigations are a collection of techniques, procedures, and processes that are used to collect, store, ...

Roll Number

The world is now a global village; with increased connectivity, we have an increase in a number of theft threats, abuse and frauds. Number of organized frauds is increasing day by day; we all have to play a role as it is our prime responsibility to make the world safer, secure and resilient . Computer crime defines to any crime that includes networks and computers, and since everything is computer based, about every crime is computer crime nowadays. Computer crimes are one of the largest growing illegal activities nowadays. Technology has brought everyone closer, but everyone includes criminals too. Nowadays everything, every ...

Day by day, our life spectrum is widening, and new technologies are introduced. Computers remain a crucial part in our lives as they are present in all aspects that we encounter. Countless individuals use a computer before the day ends to perform multiple functions. Surprisingly, not many people understand how a computer works, or even think about the changes introduced by the devices. Computer technology is associated with a constant changing nature, and this makes it hard to establish ethics and moral codes to govern the use of computers in people’s life. The American Heritage Dictionary defines ethics as "The rules or ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Since the conception of the internet, the intentions of users have grown more devious. In the beginning, what appeared to be toy is now often used to commit crimes. When the internet first arrived in homes across America, it was not often used as a tool to hurt others. At most, it was a novelty. However, as time progressed, individuals began to see all the potential held within the internet. A person could go anywhere, do anything, and be anybody. While this must have been exhilarating, it has also proved dangerous. It is difficult to believe at times that some once ...

- Internet - The dark side of the Internet: Attacks, costs and responses Available at: http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/the-dark-side-of-the-internet-attacks-costs-and-responses-SaqSoGfsuq - The Internet and Web technologies have originally been developed assuming an ideal world where all users are honorable; however, the dark side has emerged and bedeviled the world. - What are the bright and dark sides of Internet? According to the Internet Society, Internet has the capability to improve the livelihood of people, communities, organizations and communities. This dream can be achieved by employing a collaborative approach involving partners, Chapters and individual contributors. A collaborative approach can come up ...

Cybercrime is one of the fast growing areas of crime in the world. It is worth noting that more criminals are exploiting the convenience, anonymity, as well as speed of the internet to commit various crimes. In today’s technological era, the computer and internet are not only a tool to supervise law enforcement activities, but also an avenue for new offender to undertake their criminal activities. There are various cybercrimes in the world today; these include abuse, financial crimes, as well as attacks on computer software and hardware. Evidently, new trends of computer crime and cyber war are emerging ...

Introduction

The society we live now is strongly dependent on information technology. However, despite the many benefits that come along with it, it also makes the society vulnerable to the activities of people who use the technology for wrongful purposes or personal interests. Information technology has bred world-class hackers who are responsible for significant damages and disruptions to information systems. However, hackers are not the only criminals in the information technology sector; there are also terrorist’s organizations that use information systems to plan and facilitate their activities. In definitional terms, cyber-terrorism is an unlawful attack against networks, computers, and ...

Executive Summary of Cyber Crime Task Force Plan

The St. Louis County Task Force will be a joint effort of the St. Louis County Sheriff’s Department, the St. Louis County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office and the St. Louis Board of Police Commissioners. It is primarily tasked to curtail cyber criminalities, particularly in the State of Missouri and in the St. Louis County. It is funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The tri-state law enforcement team is similar to the Boone County law enforcement unit as it targets child pornography, enticement, solicitation, and other sex-related offenses. The task force has three full time staff ...

(Course/Major)

In the aftermath of the suicide of Aaron Swartz, who hanged himself after Federal prosecutors charged Swartz with 11 felony cases that could landed him in prison for 35 years, there have been calls for reforming the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), the frontline statute tasked to combat cyber crime and fraud committed on the Internet. The 1986 law was designed to providing a law to combat “unauthorized access” to large computers that are “time-shared”. In the past, the assumed threat was activities related to computer “hacking”- individuals who illegally gain access into computer databases, such ...

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The Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime 2

Abstract The threats coming from the actions of digital criminals and terrorists produce a variety of challenges for federal agencies and all other law enforcement units which have the responsibility to protect private business, the individuals and governments from these threats. The political leaders as well as the leaders of law enforcement agencies realize the necessity to be upgraded, to have new priorities, strategies and innovations to encounter the constantly growing threats of computer crime. When internet became affordable and easy to access for ordinary people a new frontier was opened without any limits, bringing ...

The marketing department is crucial to the operation of the business. Therefore, computers in the marketing department will be secured through deployment of anti-malware programs, intrusion detection and prevention systems, firewalls and use of security policies. Access policies will be tailor made to control who uses the computers. Sales force comprises of the sales department personnel. Because most of the time these users are telecommuting, their computers and laptops must be secured. External users will be authenticated before they are allowed to connect to the company resources. The administrator will check external laptops given to the sales force to ...

Computer crime.

Computer crime is an illegal activity that one might be involved in either knowingly or unknowingly the using a computer and network and which are contrary to the law. Being online for almost 24 hours using the broadband connectivity technology where one doesn’t have to log on the ISP whenever in need of network may provide an opportunity for hackers to access your documents (Stewart & Smith, 2004). A firm’s management should ensure that internet security is improved as competitors might hack their systems. The following are some kind of computer crime; computer contraband is a kind where illegal ...

Introduction

With the advancement of technology, there have emerged other forms of crime. There are new forms of crimes which are undertaken by online perpetrators. Unlike physical crimes, the perpetrators of these crimes are located miles away (Moore, 2010). Virtual crimes take place with the help of computers. They are undertaken with computer networks and computer programs which are malicious. Physical crimes are undertaken without any assisting complex technologies. This paper will focus on the issues that surround the virtual and physical crime and what distinct the two forms of crimes. The paper will further espouse the requirements that are ...

Annotated bibliography

Reckers, P. (2002). Advances in Accounting. Burlington: Elsevier.

Trust in both the accountant and the platform he/she is using, has to be maintained for an accounting practice to be considered credible. (Reckers, 2002 p. 122) A good and credible accounting process has to have features such as; Ability to produce accounts at a short notice; should provide audit trail; Compatibility with external. Programmes; able to detect error; should enable internal controls to be integrated into it (Reckers, 2002 p. 122) Easttom, C., & Taylor, J. (2011). Computer crime, investigation, and the law. Boston, MA: This book elaborates on ...

What is cybercrime? What are the effects of cybercrime? What is pornography? Is viewing pornography on the internet reduces or increases sexual assault? What is sexual assault? These questions are commonly asked by individuals, either young or adults. Cybercrime is a computer crime or an attempted crime on the Web. Cybercrime is an illegal activity that is growing so fast in the United Sates and other countries as well. Internet links individuals together like never happened before and it provides unending opportunities to those criminals who seek exploitation to those who are vulnerable. There are several types of computer ...

Electronic evidence is information and data stored or transmitted through electronic devices. A computer crime scene is therefore an area where a computer or an electronic device was used as a means of committing a crime or a media through which the crime was committed. It is clear that electronic evidence is fragile and can be easily altered hence there must be proper manner of handling a computer crime scene (Fisher, et al., 1981). The first step in a crime scene is to ensure that it is secured and clearly marked. Documentation of the scene is clearly done to ensure that everything that is in ...

Some of the agencies that implement the cyber laws and enforce them include the FBI, that is, the Federal Bureau of Investigations which is tasked with conducting forensic investigations on most high tech and advanced company and top governmental organizations in the United States. Another organization that is involved in the enforcing of computer laws is the Department of Homeland Security and the CIA - The Central Intelligence Agency which handle serious computer crime acts and fraudulent acts that affect human life and the country’s economy. One other agency known for handling the issues regarding computer crimes ...

Computer crime refers to offences that involve a network or a computer. They can be divided into 2 categories. The first category is crimes that directly target computers. The second category is crimes where computers or networks are used to facilitate the crime. Crimes in the first category include malware, virus attacks and denial of service among others while crimes in the second category include offenses such as identity theft and fraud, cyber stalking, phishing scams, information warfare among others. The top five computer crimes in the US have been identified as malware, identity theft, cyber stalking, child pornography and spam ( ...

Introduction

Computer crime is defined as the crime whereby the criminals use computers and networks as tools to commit offences against individuals as well as group of individuals with the intention of destroying or harming the victim’s reputation. The age-old, for instance, is one category of crime types and it includes fraud and embezzlement (Doney, 2001) Computer crime is classified into three categories that include: crimes in which the computer is used as a tool to commit crime, crimes in which the computer becomes incidental, and crimes in which the computer is the main target. When computer is used ...

The past thirty (30) years has of technological advancement has also seen the importance of computer forensics specialists. Computer forensics as a field in investigations concerns the acquisition and analysis of computer-based information to be use as evidences in various investigative procedures. Computer forensics specialist ha the basic task of satisfying these. Specifically, a computer forensics expert basic task is to provide a way of to preserve, identify, extract and document computer-based evidences. Their jobs also include searching of available information on computers that can provide leads and help to detectives build cases. This specific task often requires them to recover deleted ...

Plan for Processing a Potential Crime Scene

Identifying the Potential Digital Evidence Processing a crime scene will involve following standard procedures used in assessing a digital crime scene. According to Wile and Reyes (2011), the process of identifying the potential digital evidence will require a series of investigations to be done. Thus, this will involve assessment of the case, asking the affected parties questions, locating the evidence and documenting the results with the goal of identifying where the crime was exactly committed. In this case, the first clue to potential evidence will be to assess the intrusion detection logs. Additionally, it is important to note that network intrusions ...

Executive summary

The construction of a computer forensic laboratory is a complicated task. There are many requirements that will be needed so that accurate processes are undertaken. This is something that companies take with utmost care in order to have the latest technologies and current trends in the design and configuration. This paper will focus on the requirements that are needed in order to construct a forensic laboratory. The requirements involve such issues as the environmental concerns, security of evidence, management and the process of preservation of evidence. These are the issues and processes that should be protected. There will also be concerns of ...

The most important cybercrime law that is available today is that pertaining substantive cybercrime. These are the laws that do prohibit individuals in undertaking online identity theft. This is the section 18 U.S.C & 1028A (Casey, 2011). The law states that this is the laws that is concerned with fraud or related activities like documents that are used for identification, features that are used for identification, and information (Casey, 2011). This is an important cybercrime law because, if implemented well, will help fraudsters from using other people information and identification to defraud the internet users. Many of the cybercrime is ...

A computer crime is defined as any form of crime that involves a network and a computer. Early computer crimes often involved physical damage to computer systems and subversion of the long-distance telephone networks. The earlier periods, 1960s and 1970s, were not common with computer crimes. Actually, the incidents were mere pranks played on the computer systems. There were also few laws against such activities and that is the reason why they were never viewed as crimes. This paper therefore discusses the history and origins of computer crime. According to Kabay (2008), computer crime began as early as the 1870s ...

Background information

Cyber crime has been a major concern to almost all countries that have embraced technology. This has been popular among the use of internet for financial transactions, in facilitating E-governance and in other sensitive and critical websites, either directly or indirectly linked to the government. Mexico has not been exempted from this; in fact it has been named as one of the leading countries with a compromised cyber security. There has, however, never existed a legal framework governing cyber space in Mexico, until recently when the “The Legal Framework of Cybercrime and Legal Enforcement” was released. This was to serve ...

History of Computer Forensics

Computer forensic refers to the preservation, identification, extraction, interpretation and documentation of computer evidence (Wiles, Cardwell, and Reyes 2). Such evidence retrieved is usually aimed to be used in a court of law. Electronic crimes increased in the 1970s especially in the financial sector. These crimes resulted because people saw an opportunity of making money by manipulating computer data (Nelson, Phillips, and Steuart 5). According to Mohay (113), computer forensics was first used in the 1970s by the US military and intelligence agencies. Daniel (14) notes that computer forensics began in 1984. During this year, the FBI created a program ...

Arguably, as computer technology develops, so does the criminal offences that come as a result of using computers and internet. The 21st century marks the peak season of various cyber crimes and cyber terrorism. As a matter of fact, human beings should learn and adopt to live with criminal activities associated with technology. Therefore, as a result of accepting reality, utilization of computer networks as well as development of cyberspace society, various strategies have been developed to perpetrate these crimes. The history of legislation to deal with cyber crimes began in 1970s. Generally, since the existence of computer technology, various crimes related ...

Analysis on the Difference between Crimes versus Cyber Crime

Abstract

In most parts of the world crime has always been a major concern on every state. The same reason why legislators and law makers exists because their primary role is to create laws that will suppress if not totally diminish crimes in their respective countries. In common terms crime is identified if a person committed an act in violation of a prevailing law. This act of crime is categorized in different levels and gravity of offense in which a specific punishment applies. But in recent years, crimes have crossed the continental boundaries. Before, crimes do occur but only isolated in particular location ...

Computer Crime

Computer technology offers a lot of advantages for people involved in a variety of spheres, including government, business, education, etc. With the help of computer and the Internet, it becomes possible for people to cross any boundaries. Internet is a powerful tool, which allows accessing a lot of resources with important information. Owing to this fact, Internet is considered to be one of the greatest technological and informational achievements. However, specialists suggest that at present time there is a lack of safety in the Internet. Although the majority of web-sites, which can be found in the Internet belong to certain business organizations or individual ...

The connectivity of a computer to other of networks that allows communication with other computers presents many risks to the computer. According to Kallol Bagchi, (2003), internet security involves mechanisms and procedures taken to protect and secure files and data in the computer connected to the internet against intrusion by other internet users. The internet being insecure mediums of exchanging information presents high-risk attacks which results in loss of data or files, destruction of computer software or access of information by unwanted or unknown computer users. To protect the transfer of date via internet several methods such as encryption have ...

Electronic or cyber crime is a criminal activity, committed through the use of information technologies. Economies worldwide, business and individuals are effected by electronic crime increasingly more often every year. According to Internet Crime Complaint Center, in 2008 the number of electronic crimes in the USA has increased from 207 to 275 thousand, and resulted in a total loss of 264.6 million dollars (Limbach, n.d.).

Multiple types of computer crime include cyber theft, cyber terrorism, creation of obscene or offensive content, harassment, drug trafficking, spam, information warfare, phishing scams, spreading computer viruses and malware.

Types of Electronic Crime

Computer hackers use ...

Introduction

Computer forensics is a growing branch in the field of computer science and information technology. Occasionally, organizations, big or small, would require an audit of their information systems (Carrier, 2005). This is where the computer forensic experts come in.

This paper is meant to give a clear understanding of some of the tasks involved in computer forensics. Description of activities and tasks involved in investigation, documentation as well as reporting has been captured in the paper. The last part of the paper is a brief analysis of expert witness’s challenges as well as a sample courtroom scenario.

Types of equipment that should be packed in a field tool kit and the rationale behind the choices

The tool kit for the ...