Essays on Intellectual Property

Introduction

The issues that surround the protection of intellectual property continue to prevail as the intangible nature of intellectual property makes the limitations of its proper use hard to identify and delineate. Especially in this age when technology enables intellectual property to be created in so many digital formats, such properties can be even harder to safeguard. Although laws are created to define and limit the correct and proper use of intellectual property, these laws are not always enough. To strike a balance, the proper use of intellectual property can be ensured through compliance to these laws combined with a person’s personal ethical judgment. ...

When the Supreme Court in India denied patenting Novartis for Glivec, it sparked controversial war in international trade. It elicited reaction from the pharmaceuticals in the United States of America, who in turn called for punitive and harsh patent policies to be attached to all new trade agreements. Intellectual property rights have become a central part of American free trade policies. Patents and copyrights are licensed monopolies and the things players in international trade need to push against it. The significance of intellectual rights in international trade started when intellectual rights lobby and trade representatives of America entered into ...

Globalization

Today, globalization has reached new levels of importance in the modern world. Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily a good thing for the modern world, but whether it is a good or a bad thing, it seems to be unavoidable. Globalization is often spoken about in broad terms, but what globalization truly is is the integration of different cultures and the intermeshing of different economies across geographic, cultural, or other traditional barriers to integration. The term is a relatively new one, used to describe the world in the closing years of the Cold War and the new, more ...

The advent of the digital age has brought along new business processes and technology that run organizations. Globalization has since taken root in concepts of products development and service delivery and thus companies are able to have operations in almost every corner of the world. Nations are now able to take advantage of such worldwide business opportunities in order to increase profits and revenue. However, this global nature of business has brought along its fair share of problems. There is new wave of competition in the market by companies consistently innovating new products to meet consumer needs. This cut-throat ...

Introduction

The new employees who have just joined the company need to have a clear understanding of how intellectual property rights affects their work within or without the office. This is to enable them work effectively and avoid any illegal implications. For this reason, I have come up with a training session to educate and explain to them how intellectual property and the workplace interact.

Background

New employees may not be aware of how intellectual property rights, which include industrial property and copyright, works. They may unknowingly infringe IP rights especially copyright while performing their normal duties. This includes making copies ...

Introduction

Intellectual Property Rights were negotiated and successfully approved in 1986 at the Uruguay Round under the able and comprehensive leadership of the general agreement on Tariffs and Trade. This body of law had and has had profound effects and repercussions in the overall implementation and consequential results in the entire world. In accordance with the 1986 agreements, it was granted that intellectual property rights shall be respected and observed by all member states. In addition, the developing countries were granted a reprieve through an extension to commence respecting the stringent intellectual property rights no later than 2005. In the ...

Introduction:

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are a critical element of the digital economy as a foundation for innovation. Because of this they are one of the initial key elements of society since the Statute of Arnie in 1709 and one of the guarantees written into the American Constitution in 1776. The Bern Convention in Switzerland in 1886 came to an international agreement that governs copyright and formed and international league of subscriber countries that mutually respect each other’s copyright laws.
Very little changed in how media disseminated Intellectual Property for the first 200 years after the Statute of Arnie. ...

Introduction

The government has the sole responsibility and duty of protecting its citizens and their properties whether tangible or intangible. In order to achieve this goal, the government through the legislature and judiciary formulates and enacts laws that aim at maintaining social order, status quo and protecting intellectual property rights of artists and inventors. Enactment of intellectual property laws is not a new phenomenon in United States because it has existed for many years. This fact affirms that the federal government has pledged its commitment and dedication in protecting intellectual property of artists and inventors in the country. Consequently, the ...

Arias, Martha L. "INTERNET LAW - Violation of Intellectual Property Rights on the Internet: for Digital Risks, Digital Solutions." Internet Business Law Services. Internet Business Law Services, Inc., 2012. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
Martha stated “The internet has made intellectual property more vulnerable to violations by every sector of the society; business, students, and the omitted copyright infringer” (Arias par. 2). The article includes discussion of DIGIMARC an American provider of Intellectual Property management solutions. Intellectual property violations increase with the use of internet. The article gives some of solutions to lessen the intellectual property violations. Copyright owners’ property ...

The term intellectual property refers to the sole ownership of ideas, inventions or the processes. The person who came up with such Ideas, inventions or the processes has legal sole ownership of such properties. This means that no one can use such properties without the consent of the person who invented them. Intellectual properties consist of trademarks, patents, copyrights and also trade secrets.

IMPORTANCE OF COPYRIGHTS TO THE WORLD ECONOMY

Intellectual property rights are vital especially at this time when knowledge and immaterial products are increasingly becoming crucial in the world economy. It is crucial to note that patent which is a form of property rights ...

Project Proposal

Project Proposal
1. Topic
This paper will discuss intellectual property and the ethical issues that surround it. Given the intangible nature of intellectual property, the limitations with regards to its use can be quite ambiguous which can lead to a lot controversy. While intellectual property theft is definitely considered unethical, the intangible nature of intellectual property makes its proper use quite difficult to safeguard such that in the end its proper use will be highly dependent on a person’s personal ethics.

2. Working Title

Intellectual Property: What is the Right Balance?

3. Position or Thesis on the Topic (maintaining that certain practices are right, wrong ...

Introduction

The western civilization has been fueled by the technological inventions that have flooded commodities in the market since mid-18th century. The Technological vibrancy of the west has been influenced by laws that seek to protect the intellectual property rights of the inventors and scientists. The British Statute of Anne 1710 was the first recorded copyright law in the world; it gave exclusive ownership rights to printers of books. The law prohibited the copying of books by other printers. With the development of modern technology the scope has been extended to motion pictures, maps and sound recording. Copyright laws have ...

Answer 1

Individualism refers to the primacy of the rights and the role of the individual. Collectivism refers to the primacy of the rights and role of the community. The one central issue of individualism versus collectivism in political environments stands at the heart as the main issue. The United States is one country with the most pronounced individualistic orientation of all political systems. Systems that feature a collectivist orientation such as Japan and China promote the principle that government may intervene in certain issues related to business practices that benefit society.

In totalitarianism, a single agent whether an individual or ...

The term ‘Intellectual Property’ or IP has gained tremendous importance in modern times. Judiciary systems are becoming increasingly concerned about criminal as well as civil laws pertaining to intellectual property. The scope of such laws would extend to a wide spectrum and could have a deep impact on economies and individual industries. One such industry to be impacted is the gaming industry, particularly video games and virtual worlds.
The gaming industry has witnessed fast paced evolution in the past two decades. Video games today are played through gaming consoles as well as on PCs and mobile handheld devices including ...

Introduction

The paper is first going to define major terms as used in this paper and then then give a brief description of the company in question; Procter and gamble company. In order to give a detailed analysis of the Intellectual Portfolio of Procter and Gamble, the paper will divide the Intellectual Properties into the three major ones claimed by the Procter and Gamble, Patents, Trademarks and Designs[ CITATION Rya08 \l 1033 ].
In each intellectual property, the paper will give the meaning of the property and give an account of the provisions of the law regarding the same. The ...

Abstract

This paper discusses the network communication and intellectual property right. Intellectual property right is granted to the owner of the product for the exclusive creation of the product.
There are two main reasons; intellectual property rights are implanted. First to provide with legal expression of economic and moral right of the owner of the creation and the right of the public to access the product of creators. Second, to promote the premeditated act of government to demonstrate their propagation and application of the result to contribute to social development and the economic system of the society. A new technique ...

Regulation Problems

The Berne Convention;
Since long ago Intellectuals believed that people should control their creations and inventions, since they are the creators of those properties. In the year 1787 America included her support for copyright in the constitution in, Article 1; Section 8, Clause 8” Which states that, “congress has the mandate to promote the science and useful arts by securing author’s and Inventor’s exclusive rights to their writings and discoveries for a limited period of time”( SPINELLO,2009,pg 31). By that time countries such as Germany, France and Britain had already began copyrighting properties for their ...

Intellectual property is employed in multiple areas to govern individual rights to and ownership of products and ideas of the mind. These laws play a big role in encouraging people to be more innovative and creative to come up with new ideas. Protection of these ideas is essential as one will be credited for their contribution to the innovation. In essence, intellectual property rights have a general benefit to the society. The originator of the idea or work/ creation is granted a bundle of rights to own and use the ideas or the intellectual creation as they may desire ( ...

(Student’s Full Name)

Abstract

This paper intends to show the tax avoidance strategies which can be used by a tax lawyer or an accountant to reduce a multinational technology company’s taxes. Furthermore, this paper intends to show the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance, as defined by specific scholarly articles. The strategies which will be mentioned include: the “Double Irish,” the “Dutch Sandwich,” and the “Check-the Box Rule”. Each strategy will be defined and examples of companies which have used such strategies will be given. This paper, which is essentially a tax plan which will instruct a ...

PharmaCare – Assignment 3

Introduction
The aim of this research study is to evaluate the ethical issues related to the marketing and advertisement, intellectual property, and regulations of product safety. Drug companies have been consistently using direct-to-customers approach for marketing of their products. This aspect is also taken into consideration in the research study. In addition, this study extends to find information regarding the current regulatory scheme along with what should have been done by FDA to overcome the issues. The approaches used by PharmaCare to protect its intellectual property in US are also studies in detail within this study. This has provided ...

Introduction

It is becoming increasingly difficult to enforce any trade mark related law in this digital environment. This has remained to be one of the major demands of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA).  This is the body presented with the mandate of enforcing the Intellectual Property Law (IPL). An Intellectual property law is that faction of law that controls the claim and utilisation of creative works. This includes protection of copyrights, industrial patterns, royalties, geographic indications, trademarks and patent law. All of them are interested in a variety of aspects. This paper will analyze the trade mark law.

History of the Intellectual Property Law

The necessity ...

Ethics Violations of PharmaCARE

When viewing the behavior of PharmaCARE in marketing and selling its drug AD23, there are a number of ethical issues that the company is brazenly violating. The first and most brazen violation of marketing ethics was creating a subsidiary (CompCARE) to do the marketing for AD23 in order to circumvent the regulation of the FDA. This is a clear violation of the ethical need to comply with government regulation, which businesses are expected to do. By creating CompCARE and shuffling off the product to them, creating a hasty renovation and shifting of resources, the goal was to prevent the ...

Outline - The Intellectual Invasion of Video Games
1 INTRODUCTION
This is an argumentative essay on the subject of the protection of intellectual property in video games. The paper begins with an introduction to current situation pertaining to intellectual property in the gaming industry, particularly video games and virtual worlds. It discusses, in brief, the scope of civil laws in intellectual property rights protection. It further discusses the interests of developers/ creators, owners/ contractors and users of video games and how each of them has some intellectual property in such games, especially where virtual worlds are involved. The introduction ...

Books, music videos and several other pieces of art often comprise the word ‘copyright’ on its product. Being commonly understood as a legal concept, copyright is the right of ownership given to the person behind an original piece as enacted and implemented by the government. It is a category of Intellectual property rights which gives the originator exclusive rights to decide who benefits or adapts the work along with other rights associated with the product. In other words, it gives the sole authority and right to the person for his original work (Mark, 2012). The idea of copyright dates ...

Over the past 10, 000 years, human race has developed under impetuous of applied genetics. Humankind is gaining increasing understanding in heredity variation among living things, the science of genetics. This raises various issues in terms of science and technology that spring from genetics, and potential impacts advancing from such inventions. These are the most progressing areas of the knowledge of humankind in today’s world. There has been genetic modification of plants to make them resilient, profitable and nutritious. This is achieved through genetic engineering, where organisms are manipulated to produce desired trait like drought tolerance or higher ...

- What is intellectual property? What is the difference between real and intellectual property? Can a person own intellectual property? Why or why not?
When a person claims of anything like intellectual property, he/she means the property of the mind. In simple terms, intellectual property is an intangible asset that resides only in the minds of a person or known only by a corporate body. In most cases, intellectual property is not transferrable from one person to another but is infringed once a person or organization copies the idea of another. Finding the major difference between a real property ...

Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
Samsung and Apple have engaged each other in multiple of suits in various countries in the world including the United States. The two are the leading companies worldwide with regard to the sales of smartphones and tablets. Despite this success they have been engaged in countless suits in more than 11 countries. In Apple’s case against Samsung in the United States, Apple was suing Samsung for alleged patent infringement violations in a number of their electronic products. Apple also sought redress amounting to billions of dollars as damages if the court found ...

PART A

The works in question
Scenting Ltd sells perfumes and toiletries for both men and women which smell like other expensive brands. The company’s products bear writing on them indicating that they “smell like” an expensive brand. For example one of their products, “Dawn” smells like “Naissance” which is produced by a French company called Chic SARL. “Dawn’s” packaging has words indicating that the company’s testers differentiate between “Dawn” and “Naissance”. When the Chic SARL Company moves to court on copyright infringement grounds, Scenting Ltd maintains that there is no copyright infringement. This is a summary of ...

Intellectual Property Advise for the Company.

First, let me take this opportunity to congratulate you for finding a way to make the lightweight rainwear jacket hood that does not cover the wearer's face. The move is likely to spur competitive advantage of the business in the regional, as well as international market (Grossman and Helpman 49). However, the move is just the first step; there is a long way to go to make sure that the business exclusively benefits from the solution we have just discovered. The legal way to do this is to identify the kind of intellectual property (IP) measure that will protect ...

Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
Samsung and Apple have engaged each other in multiple of suits in various countries in the world including the United States. The two are the leading companies worldwide with regard to the sales of smartphones and tablets. Despite this success they have been engaged in countless suits in more than 11 countries. In Apple’s case against Samsung in the United States, Apple was suing Samsung for alleged patent infringement violations in a number of their electronic products. Apple also sought redress amounting to billions of dollars as damages if the court found ...

Apple Vs Samsung Legal Suit

One of the largest global technology companies, Apple Inc., has instituted several legal claims and suits since its inception. As a registered limited company, Apple Inc. has the rights to sue and be sued in front of the courts as a recognized legal body. A majority of the company’s litigation has been in its quest to safeguard its ownership of intellectual property developed by its employees. However, the company also has been a party to civil actions involving consumer actions, defamation claims, antitrust claims, practice suits, and corporate espionage. Since the late 20th century to present, the company ...

IP is intellectual property created by a person or a group from an idea, put in a concrete form which is usable in some way. IP needs to be protected by law because it tends to be copied by people for their own gain, which is unethical since a lot of effort has been put into it and it is unfair to use someone else’s labour for one’s gain without paying for it. On the other hand, ideas need to be made public for it to develop further for society’s growth. Also if it is made ...

The book is written by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) which happens to be one of the 17 specialized UN agencies. The book talks about various patents. The author explains in detail about the copyright laws and related rights. The author proceeds to explain the use and protection of trademarks and the industrial designs.
Carlo, F Bosch. Vying for the Best in Intellectual Property. Daily Journal February 9, 2011. Web.21 March 2012
This is a daily journal release by Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton LLP’s intellectual property group. The journal offers legal advice on various patent applications and ...

Intellectual property refers to numerous distinctive types of mind creations for which exclusive rights are acknowledged and the consequent fields of law. The intellectual property law grants certain exclusive rights to owners of intellectual property. Owners have a right to a number of intangible assets, such as literary, artistic and musical works; inventions and discoveries; and words, phrases, and designs. Copyrights, patents, trademarks and industrial design rights are some of the common types of intellectual property. In summary, intellectual property is like physical property that someone has to work hard for. When an ...

It is the desire of most people to run their own businesses has their main source of income. There are no fixed criteria of establishing a business, but it is evident that before starting a business, one should do proper planning, and most importantly should be in a position to acquire appropriate sources of finance. Furthermore, it is necessary to research the legal position on the business to be established (Reuvid, 2011). To the end, the focus of the paper will be a discussion of how to start a business venture, with particular interest on the steps to be ...

Ethics may be defined as rules of conduct acceptable to a particular jurisdiction or a certain class of human actions or culture. They are legal proclamations set aside to guide a particular group, for example, medical ethics (Borgerson, 2012). On the other hand, the term legal connotes an act or omission that is acceptable by law or pertains to the law. In ethical marketing and advertising there are quite a number of moral principles that are very crucial.
On the other hand, advertising considered on the social level can have persuasive or pervasive influences, and it is, therefore, important ...

a) Background
Apple is one of the leading companies in the electronics and technology industry, second only to Microsoft. The company was established in 1976 by Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak, and incorporated in 1977. Although its first computers failed, it grew gradually following the success of its later products starting from 1980. The company faced stiff competition in 1980s, following the entry of other players such as IBM into the market. In 1990s, the company experienced considerable challenges, both in the market as well as in its management, which led to Steve Jobs leaving the company. However, following ...

Introduction

David is an enterprising person who should be given an opportunity to carry out his business operations with minimal interference. Just like any other entrepreneur, his rights should be fully protected and safeguarded by the law. This is the only way through which he can be motivated to continue dealing with his products. Likewise, all the other players in this industry should be protected as well. As we all understand, film is a very sensitive industry that requires a lot of support from the government. This can not only be done through offering financial support and also through enforcing ...

The pursuit of justice, particularly in relation to Intellectual Property Law, made me choose to apply for the law program after school. I was determined this was going to be my area of specialisation. I am particularly interested in copyright and patents, as studying Intellectual Property Law during my Bachelors degree in Russia made me appreciate the issues surrounding copyright and the need for copyright and made me want to study how copyright can be protected. I have research experience in this area, as the theme of my Diploma was ...

Background information

Cyber crime has been a major concern to almost all countries that have embraced technology. This has been popular among the use of internet for financial transactions, in facilitating
E-governance and in other sensitive and critical websites, either directly or indirectly linked to the government. Mexico has not been exempted from this; in fact it has been named as one of the leading countries with a compromised cyber security.
There has, however, never existed a legal framework governing cyber space in Mexico, until recently when the “The Legal Framework of Cybercrime and Legal Enforcement” was released. This was to ...

The software industry is an information intensive industry, whose output consists of well coded instructions that guide in the operations of gadgets like phones, smart machines, computers, and tablets. The inputs and outputs of this trade consist of intangibles, the prices of which contain substantial Schumpeterian payments. The rewards of innovators in the software industry of the 1990s were extraordinary, illustrated by the meteoric rise of Bill Gates to control the largest individual wealth in the world. The current software industry is consequently an extreme sample of an industry where the revenues to innovators investments, and in other cases ...

Introduction

Cultural heritage refers to the sites, tangible objects, knowledge, stories and other manifestations that are handed down from generation to generation and regarded as a constituent part of a particular group of people (UNESCO, 1972). In 1972, the World Heritage Convention was adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the aim of facilitating cooperation between nations to protect heritage, wherever it exists in the world, that is of “such outstanding and universal value that its conservation is important for current and future generations” (UNESCO, 1972). Accordingly, signatory states are required to identify, protect and ...

Introduction

The research seeks to identify ethical issues relating to advertising, marketing, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety. The paper takes a position against drug companies using Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing. The paper also determines who currently regulates the compounding pharmacies regulatory scheme and what the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should have done and if they should be given more say and power over compounding pharmacies. Again, the paper determines whether the use of Colberian intellectual property by PharmaCARE’s would be ethical in accordance with Deontology or not, virtue ethics and utilitarianism. The paper analyzes how PharmaCARE protects ...

Movie Piracy: Ethical Crisis and Economic Impact

Though movie piracy may seem an ordinary part of the modern reality that the counter-piracy advocates need to put up with, the act of stealing someone’s artwork is still illegal, unethical and economically detrimental. The pro-piracy fighters argue that the increasing access to Internet naturally nurtures the open access to all its content, including the one that is protected by numerous intellectual property laws. Thus, it would be logical to lift the ban on the piracy, which is supposedly helping the movie industry live and prosper, while helping the artists promote themselves within the growing audience. The piracy ...

Globalization has become the order of the day for basically all companies with intentions to expand internationally. Competition has intensified with companies establishing in every part of the world in order for them to succeed. The diverse types of financial services and products have immensely continued to emerge in the financial sector of many countries which has apparently brought about an indicative aspect of the changing landscape of the financial service industry globally. Technology has also brought about new strategies and methods which help capture and attract more customers through social media interaction. It has introduced various rules which ...

Background and purpose

How will it be if one day you wake up and realize that somebody in a particular place producing and selling a product that is identical to yours? Just think of such a scenario. But then, what will you do next? The essay shall majorly dwell on what exactly intellectual property rights are and more specifically industrial design rights that individual as well as organizations have and what one can do in a situation where such rights have been maliciously violated. The topic on property is broad and wide. However, the essay shall as much as possible concentrate on ...

Part A: Intellectual Property

Intellectual property (or IP) is a term used in law to refer to mind creations which have recognizable exclusive rights. According to the laws that govern intellectual property, owners have certain rights to a wide range of assets which are intangible. These include literary, musical and artistic works; inventions and discoveries; and symbols, phrases, words and designs. Common intellectual property rights include patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial design rights, and trade secrets in some jurisdictions. Intellectual property laws are aimed at protecting progress by encouraging innovation and protecting the innovators. It is known as intellectual property because it refers to ...

Trade Marks Question

Intellectual properties have proved to be of importance in our day to day activities, especially in the business environment. The law of various countries has done a lot to ensure that the law regarding intellectual property is not tampered with (Bently 2009). The concept of intellectual property is however not understood by many people. It is therefore good to know the definition of this term in order to understand this concept. Intellectual properties are rights that are exclusively given to a person who owns assets that are intangible in nature. Examples of intellectual properties include trademarks, patents and copyrights. ...

Introduction

Intellectual property law has been one of the driving factors of innovation in the nineteen century. Most notably, it is known for the straight stance it takes on the violators of other people’s intellectual works. Intellectual property can be defined as all works of art, notably brought to protection by the inventor for the purposes of ensuring no other person will benefit contrary to the initial mission of the invention (Bentley, 2008).

The legal case in the submission

Howard, being an avid lover of sea and its showings has been maintaining a collection of sea items that has been of great interest to him. ...

Microsoft v. AT&T

This case involves an ethical scenario where American Patent Law principles are violated in the global market. The Supreme Court of the United States in 2007 held that software compares could not be held liable for infringing certain patents as described under 35 U.S.C § 271(f). This statute created liabilities for exporting components of patented products. In this case, disincentives to trade were created by the Federal Circuit thereby creating liabilities for software manufacturers to benefit from the Loopholes enjoyed by other industries. For instance, non-infringing forms can be exported to other markets outside the country ...

Computer ethics has a very important professional responsibility of serving the public interest as well as welfare to further improve the understanding public of the science of computers. Computer ethics should therefore take personal responsibility in maintaining high standards of integrity, honesty, and due diligence in the way they conduct education, research, and other professional duties. They should also be concerned with the condition of health and safety relating to the consumers, co-workers, and the community. Intellectual property is defined as original expressions of symbols, as well as words and ideas that represent the services or products of a ...

A Case Study on Intellectual Property (George Freestuff Case)

George Freestuff advocates that information including software, games, and movies should be free. He feels strongly against companies who charge too much for such. In response, he and his friends developed Free Range Property (FRP), a program that allows Internet users to share digitized files over the Internet for free.

Ethical Guidelines

Running a site such as the FRP is unethical because it can be considered stealing, that is, taking someone’s property without their permission. In the case of the FRP site, movies, music, and other forms of digital media are being distributed without the owners’ permission. ...

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The International Court of Justice: Resolving global business disputes

In the latter part of 2005, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a grandiose plan designed to retool the framework of the United Nations, objectives and policy. Should the program be implemented, the program will be the most revolutionary restructuring that will be conducted by the United Nations to date. Nevertheless, one particular agency of the international body, the International Court of Justice, remained virtually untouched.
The UN mechanism has undergone routine initiatives at restructuring, at various stages and in scale, for the greater part of its history. In a 1997 report of the ...

Facebook CEO cashes out $ 2.3 Billion from 2012 stocks options

Introduction
This legal event tackles the returns earned from stock options and falls under the province of the securities regulation law. From the onset, it should be noted that the event involves earning of dividends from the stock options available. This is exercised under the Securities Regulations requirements.

Facts

Facebook issued an initial public offering in May 2012 at $ 38 dollars. As it stands, the stock price is $ 26.85 representing a slight decline in the value of the stock. However, the gains realized were essentially accounted for by the CEO to have arisen from the Initial Public Offering that occurred ...

Computer technology has come with its consequences. The application of computers at the workplace, at home and in the schools has greatly facilitated efficiency and delivery of high quality work. However, it has come with hacking. Hacking is the illegal, unauthorised and often secret access of one’s information in the computer system. Hacking can be done through a primary computer or through a secondary source. Often, it has both good and bad consequences.
Hacking may facilitate the discovery of talent. For one to hack into a system, he has to develop a program that can beat the system’ ...

Trademarks are some of the many intellectual property rights that are protected under the UK property rights law. Specifically, trademarks are governed under the Trademarks directive. In the case at hand, L’Oreal v Bellure, who is the defendant produced fragrances that were similar in smell to those of the plaintiff Chic SARL who made expensive fragrances for the high-end markets. Loreals fragrances were however marketed in the low end markets and cut chemists so as to appeal to the low income earners. The intention of loreal was to ensure that her products appeared like expensive brands so as ...

Our society is addicted to fashion labels and items of luxury, yet not everyone can afford these products. When they can’t afford the high-end designers like Louboutin or Louis Vuitton, where do they turn? Sometimes people make due with cheaper brands, but there is another option. They can turn to imitations of these products and buy counterfeits. Not only that, but some people who can afford these luxury items are deceived in buying counterfeits from reputable stores that unknowingly purchased these counterfeits. The subject of fashion counterfeiting came to me a few months ago in my Fashion Survey ...

Intellectual property being included to become a part of the procurement process will benefit both the government plus the contractor in a number of ways. First of all, the government including the contractors will have an opportunity to make money (Lester, 2009). In ensuring that the contractor’s invention is regarded as his or her own property will ensure that the contractor receives the sum of money accrued to his or her invention. Moreover, the government will also be making money through imposing taxes and other levies of the invention.
Intellectual property being included in the procurement process will ...

Role of news media in formulating US foreign policy

Arguably, news media play a tremendous role in the formulation of US foreign policy. Media is involved in various stages and process of foreign policy formulation. In fact, political leaders involved in foreign policy formation consider media in international and national aspects. As a matter of fact, news media are a source of image, information and knowledge to the public; hence, it develops a good environment of opinion. News media also determines and reports on the issue that American people feel are of importance in formulating countries foreign policy. Additionally, ...

In the state of union address, Obama talked about investment, intellectual property and the protection of the environment. On investments, President Obama indicated that new trade business partnerships with Europe and Asia-Pacific would help the small businesses in creating more jobs.
On intellectual property, Obama acknowledged the fact that China and Europe have taken massive steps in global innovation relating to intellectual property (The White House). With the use of federal funded research, there have been increases in ideas and inventions in Smartphone. Obama also noted that there is need for Congress to increase budgets for research to advance ...