Immune Research Proposals Samples For Students

Introduction

Millions of cells are always being removed in the human body in order to regulate biological pathways and keep cells healthy through a particular mechanism called cell death or apoptosis. Through apoptosis, such homeostatic death of cells has been defined as a tolerogenic or a non-immunogenic event for many years [1]. However, during the past few years, scientists have discovered the occurrence of a different concept of cell death – immunogenic cell death (ICD), where the death of a cell stimulates a response from the immune system against antigens of a dead cell, and this mechanism of cell death may ...

Abstract

Stress is a dynamic and interactional process involving intricate body systems with formulations and operationalisation of the components at different levels(1).There is growing evidence that there is a positive correlation between emotional stress and oral health. As will be demonstrated from the literature reviewed in this paper emotional stress can be implicated in oral problems such as ulcerative conditions, inflammatory conditions, dental decay, TMD, RAS and others that continue to be linked to stress. Stress has also been found to aggravate some oral conditions such as oral lichen planus. In some of these conditions the precise mechanisms by which ...

Background of the Research

The research paper is fundamentally about the comparison of Compassion Fatigue and PTSD patients. The research main objective it to go along with or reject this hypothesis: People suffering from Compassion fatigue will experience similar physiological changes as those suffering from PTSD. By working towards this hypothesis, the research can be able to compare and contrast CF to PTSD and recognize how the two are related. In order to verify and distinguish the relation between these two phenomena, it is essential to know what the research will be looking for. First, it is essential to have the invariable values ( ...

Introduction

Antigen Presentation
Antigen presentation plays a pivotal role in the immune system through which pathogenic antigens are processed and coupled along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and presented to T cells for their effector response. Macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells are the primary antigen presenting cells (APC’s). Intracellular antigens generated by viruses, or some cytoplasmic bacterial antigens are digested by the host cells and coupled with MHC Class I by Transporter associated with antigen Processing complex (TAP), which transports them to the cell surface and presents to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (Germain, R 1994). These cells elicit a ...

Do people who take vitamins recover faster from the flu and produce a more significant immune response?

Flu, also commonly known as influenza or Grippe, is a virus disease that attacks by infecting the respiratory system, nervous or gastrointestinal system (stomach flu). Rarely fatal, it often opens the door to Pneumonia, Eye and Ear infections and Brian inflammation that do threaten life. Common colds are usually confused with Influenza, in view of both these ailments attacking the upper respiratory system and showing similar symptoms. In fact they are both caused by different viruses. The worst catastrophe was a devastating world-wide epidemic (pandemic) of Influenza stuck during the summer-winter of 1918 taking the total death toll to about 10 ...

Specific Aims

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) encodes a DNA-editing deaminase, which is a group of the Cytidine Deaminase family (Bello). This protein is concerned in somatic gene conversion, hypermutation, and class-switch recombination of Ig (immunoglobulin genes). Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been expressed in B cells at germinal center and starts the events, which lead to class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes and somatic hypermutation. Additionally to this primary responsibility in immune diversification, deviant targeting of Activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity leads to translocations and point mutations of oncogenes linked with B-cell lymphoma. Lately, AID has been related in active DNA demethylation (Sariah).
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OVERVIEW

In the terminology of the WHO, AIDS is a viral disease that prevents the body to fight against infections and cancer ("HIV/AIDS", 2016). AIDS infected people are easily affected a large number of unusual and life-threatening diseases. These diseases are often treatable; however, successful treatment based on immune deficiency is caused by a virus there.
The causative agent of AIDS is HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The name was adopted in 1986 as a term to describe the virus that causes AIDS. This allows the name itself to distinguish AIDS from other retroviruses and evidence offline. This virus was known ...

Introduction

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is a virus that weakens the immune system in humans. This is accomplished as the virus attacks the cells that fight infection and diseases. As a virus, it is similar in nature to other viruses, such as the flu. Unlike other viruses, however, the symptoms associated with HIV do not improve over time as HIV reproduces by systematically overtaking the cells within the host body. HIV does not heal and once an individual is infected, that individual will live the remainder of their life with this virus (aids.gov, n.d.).
The symptoms associated with HIV may ...

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the HIV that infects the body’s immune system. AIDS is among the biggest causes of death in the world today (Gordon 2011). The disease is transmitted through unprotected sex. The disease is also transmitted through other means that enable the mixture of contaminated bodily fluids and blood. They include; contaminated blood transfusions, childbirth, and breastfeeding among many others. Not all bodily fluids transmit the HIV. Fluids such as tears and saliva do not transmit the disease. The virus weakens the body’s immune system and leaves one vulnerable to opportunistic ...

I. Abstract
Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum cervi have been discovered to be composed of three important types of proteins these structural proteins that make them more adapted to their habitats and increase their immunity against their destruction by antibodies. This project is aimed at identifying these proteins contained in these two fluke genera using an analysis of soluble protein that elicit an immune response.
II. Introduction

Biological research has shown that proteins like phosphagens contain high amounts of phosphates that release high amounts of energy that allow muscle movements like contraction and expansion. Other proteins like phosphocreatine ...

Abstract

The use of affective technologies has been seen to be the solution to the development of intimate relationships between connected individuals in social networks. This will increase the way people interconnect. This development will give a way in which humans will eliminate loneliness and enhance the devices that can be used for connectedness. With this development, there will be optimized health and well-being of people because they are now able to communicate with one another. This proposal will focus on how automatic communications quantity communications have on perceived intimacy in environments which have been mediated. The research will take a quantitative ...