Essays on Earth's Surface

Influence of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 2

Economic growth of countries outside the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 4 Bric: Brazil, Russia, India and China 5 Trade between non-OECD countries 5 Climate Change Policy 7 The greenhouse effect 7 Strengthening the greenhouse effect 8 Global climate change 8 Oil reserves in the world 10 Influence of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) OPEC long ago lost its hegemony in the world oil market but remains a major influence on prices against the formidable challenge of US oil shale. OPEC decided she decides to continue producing in abundance not to give more ground to ...

How Geology Shapes the Landscape

Geology is a branch of science that focuses on the physical structure and substance of the earth as well as the processes that can act on the same. The earth being one of the planetary bodies consist of numerous physical and natural occurrences that influence the structure, landscape, and climate of different regions depending on the type of phenomenon. Rivers, mountains, natural forests have a lot to determine the climate, and landscape of a geographic area. Professionals in the field of geology focus their work on study and research in this regard. Layers of the soil, rocks, as well ...

New York, NY 10017 

Respected Sir/Madam, One of the main directions of the United Nations activities and one of the most important issues of our time is climate change and global warming. The purpose of this letter is to highlight and focus yours and public attention to the importance of this problem and the need for immediate actions in its solution. The Governments of all countries of the world, especially the countries that are members of the United Nations should not wait for the next UN services report on Climate and must take immediate steps to prevent the irreversible effects of global climate ...

The concerns about climate change among the public members and the scientific community are increasing. The members of the public and the scientific community are in the urge to understand the potential causes and impacts of climate change. The trends in the climate and temperatures around the world indicate that global warming is taking place (Botkin & Keller, 1995, p. 45). Provide one piece of data scientists offer to show that the climate is changing globally and give the expected impacts of climate change in my area.

How scientists learn about past global temperatures and climate

Scientists study the past global climate and temperatures, in some different ways. The ...

The development of solar energy is based on a use of solar radiation for generation energy. Solar energy is the kinetic energy of the radiation (mainly light) formed by reactions in the solar interior. As its stocks are almost inexhaustible (astronomers counted that the Sun will “burn” some more millions of years), solar energy belongs to a renewable source of energy. In natural ecosystems, only a small part of the solar energy is absorbed by chlorophyll that contains in the leaves of plants and is used for photosynthesis, namely for the formation of organic matter from carbon dioxide and ...

The increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface due to various greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation or burning of fossil fuels due to which heat is trapped in the earth's atmosphere is called Global warming. Without this greenhouse effect, the heat would have escaped from earth's atmosphere. Micro-organisms that are found in the soil are very important for sustaining many ecological processes like nutrient cycling, the transformation of metals and decaying of plant matter. Soil micro-organisms contribute a lot to the consumption and production of greenhouse gases like methane, nitric oxide and Carbon dioxide ...

Question 1

Convection is organized by the circular motion of water flow or air through thermal changes in the density and gravitational attraction, which originate from the source of heat and decrease in the colder outer layers.

Craton is a lithosphere platform with the foundation of Precambrian age.

Earthquake magnitude is a scale characterizing the energy released during an earthquake in the form of seismic waves. Focus is an area of occurrence of underground hits in the earth's crust or upper mantle, resulting in an earthquake. Epicenter – is the central point of the surface of the earthquake focus. Isostasy is hydrostatic equilibrium state of the earth's crust, when the Earth's less dense ...

1.Jupiter was the first. Giant lies just beyond the frost line. As the frost line accumulated great amounts of water via evaporation from infalling icy material, it created a zone of lower pressure that increased the speed of orbiting dust particles and halted their motion toward the Sun. As a result , the frost line acted as a barrier whice lead material to accumulate. This excess material coalesced into a huge embryo of around 10 Earth masses, which then began to grow rapidly by swallowing hydrogen from the surrounding disc, reaching 150 Earth masses in only another 1000 years and finally topping out at ...

Global warming is a problem that is actively discussed nowadays. Very often new hypotheses appear about its impact on the Earth and human beings. At first, we need to classify the information available, to create a clear understanding of global warming effect on our planet. Global warming is the increase in the medium annual temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, because of much variety of reasons (increasing the concentration of gases in the Earth's atmosphere, solar variability or volcanic activity, etc.) (Haugen 14). Sometimes we use definition "greenhouse effect", but there is some differences between this two concepts. Greenhouse ...

The study of meteorological materials in all regions of the globe, prove that the climate is not constant, but is a subject to some certain changes. Beginning in the late XIX century, warming particularly intensified in 1920-30., but then a slow cooling started, which ended in 1960. Geologists’ studies of the earth's crust of sediments have shown that in the past era there was much greater climate change. These changes happened due to natural processes, that is why they are called natural (Martelle, 2013).

The following effects of global warming are projected:

sea ​​level rise due to melting glaciers and polar ice caps (for the last 100 years is ...

According to the scientists’ observations, climate fluctuations occur constantly. There are periods of cooling and warming. Some fluctuations lasted decades, others - centuries. As of now we live in the time of worming. Global climate change has become perhaps the most important environmental issues of our time. In recent years this problem has become the focus of attention of many international meetings, as it is irreversible and threatens the security of millions of people’s lives. The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect - a phenomenon in the Earth's atmosphere, which prevents the energy of sunlight, ...

What is sunlight?

The sun provides tirelessly every square meter of the earth's surface, which it attacks, with an average of about 1370 watts of power (in the form of electromagnetic radiation). We say that the sun burns, but actually it does not. Instead, the sun is a giant nuclear reactor (Layton & Freudenrich, 2000). This solar energy is called the solar constant, since it does not change, except for minor fluctuations. Solar energy is sent in the form of light waves. Light is an electromagnetic wave. The frequency of light - or how fast the waves vibrate - determines the differences in color. ...

The Native Americans that can be found in North America have their myths explaining how they were created and the reason as to why they occupy certain regions in America. Moreover, these myths are seen to be very different from each other and have different concepts and ideologies. The reason as to why there is no unified body associated with the mythologies is due to the different tribal groups that make up the Native Americans (Birrell, 1993). The tribes have their own creation stories in relation to how the world came into being, the appearance of people, and the ...

Earthquakes are vibrations of the Earth that are caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along faults or breaks within the earth's crust. The elastic-rebound theory is a model used to explain the origin of earthquakes. It illustrates the buildup of elastic strain from stresses within the earth's crust and the abrupt release of energy along faults as the rocks return or rebound to their initial state (Ristau 249; Hamblin and Christiansen 510). The point within the Earth where the earthquake's energy is generated by the initial slippage or movement is called the focus. The epicenter is the ...

Human beings seem to have done all that they can to destroy the world that they live in. Over the millennia, the world has seen some radical changes to become worse than it ever was. From climatic, to environmental, to social aspects, the world seems to get worse and worse as the time goes by. Not all the changes made have been bad, human have done all that they deem necessary to make the world a better and more effective place for them to live in. However, in so doing, they have depleted resources that are finite in nature, and ...

Sun plays crucial role in the life of the Earth. The entire organic world of our planet is obliged to the Sun for its existence. It is not only the source of light and heat, but also the original source of many other types of energy (oil, coal, water, wind). Since people appeared on the Earth, they began using the sun's energy. According to archaeological data, it is known that housing preference was given to quiet places, closed from the cold winds and open to the sun's rays. Perhaps the earliest known solar system can be considered the ...

Abstract

Water is the most important source of life. Survival of any living organism without water is impossible. Though a large part of the earth is constituted of water, the supply of fresh water is limited to only 3% of the total amount of water found on the earth's surface. With the demand for fresh and clean water rising across the world, it is time for us to think seriously about the importance of water conservation. There are several engineering and behavioral practices which, if adopted by us at home, industries and other spheres of work and life, can reduce the ...

What is Global Warming

What is global warming, and how is it affecting the Earth and its inhabitants? Global warming is sometimes referred to as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the absorption of energy radiated from the Earth's surface by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere, causing the atmosphere to become warmer. The greenhouse effect is what is causing the temperature on the Earth to rise, and creating many problems that will begin to occur in the coming decades.

Effects of Global Warming

For the last 10,000 years, the Earth's climate has been extraordinarily beneficial to mankind. "Humans have prospered tremendously ...

Abstract

Water is the most important source of life. Survival of any living organism without water is impossible. Though a large part of the earth is constituted of water, the supply of fresh water is limited to only 3% of the total amount of water found on the earth's surface. With the demand for fresh and clean water rising across the world, it is time for us to think seriously about the importance of water conservation. There are several engineering and behavioral practices which, if adopted by us at home, industries and other spheres of work and life, can reduce the ...

The paper is dedicated to the study of ecological balance and possible reasons that could lead to the consequent change of the world climate. In particular, two groups of hypotheses are analyzed. The first group deals with reasons that are conditioned by the changes in the energy received by the Earth from the Sun. The possible changes in the Sun itself and in the dust clouds that can affect the way the energy is taken by the planet are considered. The second group of hypotheses is dedicated to the changes in CO2 level and possible consequences it can lead ...