Essays on John Stuart

According to an American philosopher named Paul Elmer More, a just society is when “justice is ‘the inner state ofsoulundercommand ofwill to righteousnessreason guidesdesires obey’” (Rawls 1972). In other words, More is echoing Plato in the sense that justice has to be for the betterment of the soul by one seeking out what is right whether or not it coincides with their own personal desires. While this ideology is admirable, however, it has yet to be realized in this modern world as many people appear to care more about what they want regardless of the negative consequences their actions ...

Theoretical Essay

In the world of law punishment (alternative name – penalty) is considered as an “infliction of some kind of pain or loss upon a person for misdeed (i.e., the transgression of a law or command).”1 Penalty may take different forms and vary from forced labor, flogging, body mutilation, fines and imprisonment to the capital punishment. The punishment has been very retributive, mostly in the form of revenge, during the pre-modern ages and usually the prosecution was executed by the victims or their families. There was not any proportion between the quantity and quality of wrongdoing and the punishment. The ...

One of the most common moral philosophies in the world today is utilitarianism. It was developed by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism seeks to determine the moral stand of actions by looking at their effects and consequences (Mill 43). There are two different types of utilitarianism, act utilitarianism, and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism focuses on specific individual actions, for example, the murder of a political figure. Rule utilitarianism, on the other hand, focuses on the action as a whole such as murder (Mill 44). According to the utilitarian’s, morality is supposed to better life by increasing ...

The principle of utility according to John Stuart Mill can be divided into two parts from which he attempts to explain and prove it. Mill begins by claiming that it would be impossible to prove a principle by mere reasoning. As he attempts to prove the utility principle he begins by claiming that the proof that desire exists would be from the evidence that people actually desire something. Therefore, it justified the fact that happiness is good and that people desire happiness as one criterion of morality. Mill then has to show how happiness is the sole criterion of ...

John Rawls is a great proponent of the natural rights theory. With his theory of the veil of ignorance, Rawls is of the idea that everyone has some rights that accrue to them by nature. Natural right is a philosophical perspective developed by Hobbes, and it portends that all living beings have rights, and these rights would make an individual act or fail to act in a certain way. The veil of ignorance by John Rawls is premised on the inviolable rights of an individual; this makes him fall under the natural rights theoretical concept. Rawls argues that to ...

Abstract

The modern bureaucratic system replaced the previous patriarchal system which had some flaws that slowed down the further development of the society. The administrative bodies make decisions and realize them, resorting to enforcement matters when it’s needed, within their authority. The bureaucracy tries to satisfy the needs of those people that it administrates, while those people are taking care of other things: production of material and spiritual goods, bringing up the new generation, health care, and their own professional and personal development. The bureaucracy acts in behalf of those people who empowered it to manage the public affairs. ...

Economics is an important discipline that concerns an individual’s daily activities. However, as much as the importance of economics to the people and the daily lives of individuals, it can be considered to have been influenced by other disciplines. Economics is a vast discipline that covers a lot of aspects that are important. As a result, the wide scope of knowledge covered by economics comes from multiple disciplines that are studies. Political science can be considered as one the discipline that influences economics largely (Malthus, Donald Winch, and Patricia James 194). Economics covers a wide scope of knowledge ...

The questions on whether or not States should legalize abortion has been a debatable issue among policymakers, scholars, and theorists as well, the same applies to the notion of mercy-killing or Euthanasia. Evidently, religious doctrines and existing codes of ethics forbid the ending of human life, from the point of conception to that of old age. To that end, States endorse laws that dictate the ideal punishments for murder; by that logic, even those who opt for suicide break the law but the fact that they are dead makes it impossible to have them serve a jail term. Thus ...

Since the start of the war in the Syria in 2011, there has been an influx of refugees fleeing Syrian to seek asylum in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. However, the influx of refugees has reached an alarming level with the situation reaching a crisis level. Today, it is estimated that the number of refugees who have crossed the Syrian border into Turkey is 3.5 million (Fargues & Fandrich 3). The camps in Turkey are already overwhelmed and crowded, and it is estimated that 50% of these refugees cannot stay in the camps. Due to the crisis, many of the refugees ...

According to Mills, the happiness achieved by a person varies and can be classified into two; lower ranked pleasure and a higher ranked pleasure. In differential capacity, using the "Utilitarianism” moral theory, higher pleasures are intellectually defined while the lower ranked pleasures can be assumed to be the sensual ones. According to his ethical description in the utilitarianism, those acts which maximizes pleasure are more suited for human acceptance than those which do not. Common things like food, sleep, sex, beverages and talking are less likely to increase pleasure compared to intellectual like reading and good novel, brainstorming to ...

Plan

1) Introduction

General overview of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with regard to its political history and the concept of its geopolitics.

Max Webber’s concepts on the state and how they apply in Nigeria How John Stuart Mill’s Concepts on nationality are reflected in Nigeria 2) Geopolitical characteristics of Nigeria

The main geopolitical zones and their historical origin

The basis for the division of these geopolitical zones based on John Stuart Mill’s concepts on nationality How Max Webber’s concepts on the state apply in Nigeria How the country’s political, economic, and educational resources are shared effectively within these zones How different the geopolitical zones are compared to the zones that defined these regions in the past. 3) The source of economic power ...

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Research Question: What should be done about abortion? Thesis Statement: Abortion is impermissible except when performed to save, not to take, life. I. Abortion as a Utilitarianistic Act Mothers who opted for abortion often base their decisions on factors that are favorable to them personally, making their utilitarianist philosophy essentially egoistic. Thus, a mother who opted to perform an abortion is essentially an egoistic utilitarianist. Consequently, utilitarianism suffers from the problem of failing to respect the separateness of persons; that is, that of the mother and that of the unborn child (Jacobson 168). ...

Introduction Utilitarianism is a principle that the moral worth of an action is determined by its usefulness in maximizing utility and minimizing negative utility. Utility is the pleasure, preference satisfaction and knowledge. The moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome. In this study we are going to compare Mill, John Stuart’s work 'Utilitarianism’ and Kant, Immanuel’s work 'Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.' The study will also come up with findings based on the comparisons if the end justifies the means. John Mill’s account on Utilitarianism is primarily influenced by Jeremy Bentham ...

Happiness is a state which many strive for; some achieve it and others don’t. However, the means and ways of attaining happiness are varied and can often involve questionable ethics. For instance, by taking an ecstasy pill, the side effect is to feel happy and as if you love everyone and everything; however, the purchasing of such a drug is illegal and the money goes into the drug trade which has links to countless un-ethical associations. It is also an unsustainable state which wears off after a few hours, so is that really happiness anyway? The pursuit of happiness is man’ ...