Essays on Promoters

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated at transcriptional, post transcriptional and translational levels (Tomizawa,  Lekstrom-Himes, and Xanthopoulos 17). Transcriptional control is the primary means of regulating gene expression. Eukaryotic transcriptional control functions at three levels: modulation of the activities of activators and repressors; variations in chromatin structure; and effect of activators and repressors on assembly of initiation complexes (Lodish et al. 368). Regulation of transcription initiation is the most widespread form of gene control in eukaryotes. However, in some cases, transcription may be attenuated and regulated at subsequent steps, such as during or after the transcription process (Cooper ...

Introduction

In today’s age that is characterized by digital revolution and internet bubble, various marketing and advertising platforms have permeated every corner of our lives. The marketing and advertisement craze has for a long time taken hold of the diverse age groups of the targeted consumers, even toddlers who barely know what happens around them. Children from all over the world are exposed to tones and tones of these marketing and advertising activities. As a market segment, children represent a huge platform for the advertisers and product promoters. Unlike the early years when advertisements and marketing were mainly targeted ...

2002 Utah Olympics and Employment 2002 Utah Olympic Games and Employment Approximately $ 1.9 billion was spent by the local, state and federal governments together with the Utah city organizing committee in planning and hosting the 2002 Olympic Games. A lot was spent as the event promoters were confident that the games would raise the state’s employment level by over 35,000 jobs as they had noted continued increment of job opportunities from the 1996- 2001 Olympics (Wamsley, 2002). The paper carries out an investigation on whether the 2002 Winter Olympics increased employment as claimed by the promoters.

It ...

One of the oldest sports is considered a fistfight. Even in ancient history in the era of the ancient Greeks during the Olympics athletes competed in the pankration, which is how they called their fist fighting competitions. Fist fights in a modern understanding are mixed martial arts or MMA (Mix Martial Arts), and not boxing, as the two are often confused.

Slide 2

Since the antique times MMA lost its glory and popularity. Is place was taken by what e now perceive a traditional boxing, kick-boxing, judo, taekwondo, and other types of martial arts. For a long time MMA was in ...

The advances in biotechnological field have made it possible to understand the genetic role behind molecular mechanisms to large extents. This in depth understanding of biological processes has paved ways to treat the untreatable aiding the human existence in multitudes of aspects like food, health, bioremediation, mining, biopharmaceutical production and much more. This microbial world is vast and has been a platform for human beings to explore their biological systems as they are simpler cells and can be manipulated with much ease than complex systems. The DNA harnessed within the cells are the molecular entities that have been targeted ...

Introduction

The treatment for multitudes of diseases and disorders resulting from genetic reasons have been ambiguous since long as the only cure could be the correction of genes and DNA in the specific region. Gene therapy gave a promising horizon to the correction of such genetic defects whereby molecular tools are applied to reverse the mutation or any other changes in the DNA. The advancing biomedical research have offered several tools for gene therapy since last few decades that have been able to perform the desired roles but with one or the other limitations. Lately, CRISPR-Cas9 based tools for gene ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

Article Review on Polytene Chromosomes and Structural Abnormalities

Background The interphase stage during cell division condenses the genetic material i.e. DNA into chromosomes and in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster, polytene chromosomes appear characteristically that are a result of repeated replication cycles but no disjunction. They have dark bands alternating with light interbands. The hypothesis tested in the research work performed by Zhimulev et al in 2014 was that the interbands incorporates transcripton initiation sites i.e. promoter binding areas that extend to coding areas in band regions. Using the modENCODE protein profiling data, DamID genome mapping has earlier classified various chromatin states. The current study performed cytological ...

When it gets into an individual’s system, a psychoactive substance affects mental processes such as cognition. Specifically, it works like a psychotropic substance that can alter the functions of the central nervous system. Such alterations can lead to temporary changes in mood, behavior, perception, and consciousness (Wood 65). According to Wood, people may use the drug for recreational purposes to alter their consciousness in a way that is similar to using alcohol, coffee, or cannabis sativa (65). On the other hand, some people can use it as medications in a way that is similar to the consumption of ...

A fundamental problem facing new democracies is the hijacking of the political process by elites. Economic performance is affected by elite politics leading to underdevelopment and sometimes morphing into political violence. The transition from colonial regimes to democracy has been subverted by the harm that was done by the colonial subversion of traditional institutions in favor of artificial Western ones. This provided an opening for the rise of elites and the rule of ‘the big men’ (Owusu, 1992). What role do elites play in transition to democracy or its opposite? This paper seeks to provide an analysis on how ...