Absolute Critical Thinkings Samples For Students

Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein was one of the most elegant and horrifying pieces of literature written in its time, and is still widely considered a Gothic horror classic. The book follows Dr. Victor Frankenstein, a reclusive mad scientist, who seeks to create new life by sewing together the limbs and remains of several other dead bodies and reanimate them. The book and its monster have been compared to many different things in a variety of subtexts, but one of the clearest readings of the book indicates that the monster represents the dangers of knowledge, especially as the book posits that the pursuit ...

PHILOSOPHY, HEALTHCARE ETHICS, AND RELIGION: DECISION MAKING

- Introductory Summary
There are a wide array of choices that individuals must make in their lives, and it is important to have guiding principles when it comes to making hard choices. The Bible and relevant philosophical texts give good guidance; even so, difficult decisions must be made frequently, especially in the medical profession. This discussion will focus on individual absolutes and the Biblical basis for those absolutes, especially in the context of difficult decisions that will be made daily. In addition, decision-making strategy will be introduced, including the question of what to do when one’s absolutes are ...

When it comes to measuring the intellectual capability and the level of human relationships, the young people are the best instruments. This can never be achieved better by looking at any other place rather than the American society. The American youth and what they display is a fundamental measure of how environment affects behaviour. The ever changing behaviour of the society is so alarming which has prompted literature writers and other scholars to condemn the act. Technology not only promises people an easy life but also providing measures through which people can leave a life free of stress despite it being ...

Philosophy

With the advent of the Scientific Revolution, there was an increased level of comfort in the society which led to probing the ancient notions or the beliefs that were long held by the majority. A majority of philosophers started giving out their own opinions about a variety of subjects like politics, government, social order, economics, and religion among others.
The Era of Enlightenment started with this new found curiosity about scholarly or philosophical opinion becoming popular in the entire Europe. The Enlightenment Era was a time period in the 18th century Europe, which was a movement where philosophers applied ...

Homosexual Couples’ inability to express

Their love in public
Homosexuality has been a topic of much heated debate and it still is in the world today, the controversy is still in the hearts of those who feel strong about it whether they are for it or against it. Despite the fact that same-sex marriage is legal, there are a lot of gay couples coming under fire for certain activities that they are doing or not doing and it has gotten to the point where some of those couples feel as if their very livelihood is threatened from a social perspective because people have a ...

The research conducted by Roy B. Van Arsdale and Randel T. Cox about their idea of the origins of the Mississippi embayment was based on other theories, work, and models produced by other scientists. The theories that the pair presented in the article published in the Scientific American magazine were easily understood by the non-scientist. The article seemed to lack any real scientific data from the pair that was original or from the two conducting any geological evidence of their own. This writer could understand why the magazine chose to publish the research because it did a good job ...

Totalitarian political system is based on the unlimited authority and power to ‘rule’ every dimension of the social and even private life of the individuals, which is in direct contrast of democracy. Such governments maintain their rule by regulating a comprehensive propaganda campaign that is communicated through the television channels and print controlled by the state. Public at large is the major party that has to go through the tyrannical control of the state over economy, media, surveillance, and freedom of speech and thought.
The use of terror is common and widespread in totalitarian states, to keep the opinion ...

Duty ethics or deontology is concerned with the actions of people, not the outcomes. It is the normative ethics that judges the morality of actions based on their adherence to a specific rule or a set of rules. In the terms of business, it means that employees justify their behavior by honoring organizational policies and procedures. There are four primary duty theories.
The first is avered by Samuel Pufendorf in a bygone era of 17th century. He categorized dozens of duties into three subsections as duties towards God, self, and others. He further pigeonholed "duties towards others" into two ...

1. Legitimacy
a. What is legitimacy? What role does it serve in governance? Illustrate your response with examples.
In politics and governance, legitimacy is a term that is attributed to a regime, administration or institution that possesses widespread acceptability, support and trust from the public at large (Hague and Harrop 2013). It is this attribute that usually gives a political entity the right to govern and the right to exact obedience from its subjects. Legitimacy, particularly political legitimacy, is said to result from consent, beneficial consequences, and public reason and public approval. The consent theory as related to political ...

Among different theories that were implemented in XIX-XXs century the concept of utilitarianism and deontology are still the matter to discuss. Although firstly the suppositions of utilitarianism appear in the writings of the British moralists of XVI-XVII centuries, the modern theory of the concept is most often associated with the British philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806- 1873) who elaborated the theory from a hedonistic version proposed by his mentor Jeremy Bentham (1748- 1832) who thought a person should experience a lot of pleasure and avoid suffering. As most clearly stated by Mill, the basic principle of utilitarianism is that ...

In your opinion, how does the principle of separation between church and state compare in theory and in practice in the United States? Provide specific examples.
The Establishment Clause was aimed at prohibiting state sponsored religion leading to the doctrine of separation of church and state. Thomas Jefferson referred for the first time this separation as “wall of separation between Church and State.” This principle is a unique American vision. As far as the interpretation and meaning of Establishment clause is concerned, there are three major theories.
According to the strict separation theory, the religion and state should ...

Introduction

In his essay on Canada’s changing national development trajectory, Hutton has discussed the nation’s economic transition to a ‘post-staples’ era. He makes it very clear that his notion and hypothesis of the changing phase after that of ‘mature staples’ is not absolute. Instead, it is much as the theory on society post-industrialization as proposed by Daniel Bell; they both observe and analyze changes in the economy of the nation, owing to social, political, cultural and/or spatial developments. And in this particular case, Hutton’s essay focuses primarily on the contribution of staples towards a developing Canadian economy. Hutton describes ...

Deontology and consequentialism are dominant theories that are related to the contemporary normative ethics. Consequentialism is a theory in which all the actions that can be termed as right yield desired outcomes (Betzler 13). On the other hand, deontology, which is a theory that was developed by Kant, identifies rightness through the features of acts as opposed to the outcomes. For instance, in case consequentialism needs to sacrifice an innocent person for the greater benefit, deontology can end up forbidding this move on the basis that it violates the rights of innocent persons, or rather lead to the violation of various ...

This report was elaborated to evaluate the incentives for private sector growth and business opportunities in Colombia. The country has been chosen not only because is one of the best positioned economies in the region, but also has lots of underdeveloped areas where a solid international company could have a great impact on the communities located there. Nonetheless, given that Colombia is still on its way to full economic development, this report will evaluate demographic, cultural, political and institutional factors to determine the main elements that could constrain business growth in order to help the company make informed decisions to maximize ...

Analysis of Selections from Nagel, What Does It All Mean?

Thomas Nagel’s 1987 book, What’s It All Mean?, offers an introduction to philosophical thought. He directs this book toward a person who has never studied philosophy before. He bases his introduction not in the writings of the great philosophers or great thinkers, but instead he offers nine categories of questions for his reader to think about. As he puts it, “The main concern of philosophy is to question and understand very common ideas that all of us use every day without thinking about them” (Nagel 5). By laying out these problems and his ideas about them, Nagel encourages ...

Philosophy

What is the distinction between hypothetical imperatives and categorical ones, and why is morality associated with categorical imperatives?
Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) is a critical examination of the supreme principle of morality based on a priori (reason) knowledge rather than a posteriori (empirical) truths. He argued that his duty ethics is based on pure reason using a moral rule, which defines ultimate practical moral principles. He then distinguished between hypothetical and categorical ones such that the former is about actions that “represent the practical necessity of a possible action as to something else;” whereas, the latter ...

Arguably, issues surrounding human freedom have been debated for many decades. Most philosophies have tried to interpret the concept of freedom and the self, each one giving a complex explanation. One of philosophical statement made by Sartre has led to many arguments, critics, and many explanations. Sartre stated that a man is condemned to be free, which became one of his key philosophical work. Many explanations on what Sartre meant has been developed, but it is crucial to understand that the only correct meaning of the statement is known to Sartre.
In my views, condemned to be free could mean ...

Mind and Body Debate

Renowned philosophers Rene Descartes and John Searle are having a cup of tea in Descartes’ living room. As expected, their discussion turns philosophical. Each of the two presents their arguments on the mind and body problem.

Descartes: I believe the mind and body are two distinct and separate substances.

Searle: Every time you postulate an opinion I know we are about to start a long argument. I heard you say the mind is independent of the body. How true is that? I applaud many of your opinions and theories in philosophy. However, I beg to differ on this one.
Descartes: My friend, I will take you systematically through my quest for certainty. I ...

What are the tensions that are indentified in those readings?

a) The tensions identified in these readings are
b) Man is never free as he may like to be.
c) There is no absolute justice.
d) The world must have a responsible form of control for its existence.
e) Human beings are segregated into social stratums

What are the values they assume or describe, and how do they inform or conflict with your sense of justice?

The literature presents a very contentious issue of justice in the world. Hardin (124) claims that there can never be a common justice where every human being is given his or her equal share. He likens the earth with a space ship which he claims must have a captain for it to make any milestone. This ...

In “Euthyphro,” one of Plato’s early dialogues, Plato describes the meeting between Euthyphro and Socrates near the king-archon’s court and proceeds to record their conversation about piety. Piety is a virtue that is often interpreted as religious devotion or spirituality. While piety in contemporary society usually means devoting God to gain good graces or seek forgiveness, piety was considered in a wider context by Greek philosophers, so it was a virtue that allowed a person to respect social order, religious order, and display devotion to others. Piety is directly influenced by the development of practical wisdom because practical wisdom was considered ...

The family is the basic and most important unit of any societal setting. It is the smallest institution to which one belongs and owes allegiance to. Being in a family implies being among people who understand and serve you best. In any society, the parents are tasked with the role of bringing up their children through providing physical, emotional and material support for them. This means being in touch with every aspect of a child’s needs; be it basic, parental love and concern, spiritual “feeding” at every stage of growth. The children are expected to reciprocate this by being respectful, ...