Essays on Jerusalem

Introduction

One of the most significant topics of the Middle East history that is considered to be Arab cultural awakening is undoubtedly Arab nationalism. On the one hand, it gathered strength and coherence during and after the First World War. On the other hand, little light is actually shed on that recent phenomenon. A lot of scholars may even get into a mess in defining Arabs, as well as determining what is meant by Arab nationalism. However, taking into consideration the fact that the twenty-first century is characterized by a considerable political activeness, much attention should be paid to Arabs ...

In December 2016, the US Secretary of State stated that, Israel would either have to be a Jewish State that does not intrude into Palestinian “land” or it should be democratic whereby Palestinians would be given equal rights as dignified citizens of one-state of Israel. This was something many Republicans and Conservatives found to be negative and Anti-American. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians cannot be solved. This paper will use elements of persuasion to establish a case to prove that America must stay away from imposing its will on ...

Answer two questions

Answer two questions

The Islamic influence in Spain was a strong one lasting for a long period of time. Islam offered more than just a territorial succession to the public, but it was the religion that offered intellect and social structure as well as a great privilege to society. Islamic principles did conquer the thought, language and architecture of Spain, particularly in the cities of Granada and Al-Andalus. Islamic influence was deeply ingrained in the Spanish society. Hence it led to the development of Islamic thought that promulgated deep in the society, and much of the former Christian world ...

Group A. Q1 Christianity and Islam in Spain

The crusades were religious and politically motivated wars that were dominated the 1096-1291 with the aim of controlling the holy land Jerusalem. In the first crusade, (1096-1102) initiated by pope Urban II was aimed at helping the Christian Byzantine empire which had been invaded by the Muslim Seljuk Turks. In this crusade, the Europeans were able to capture Jerusalem in 1099. This led to the merging of various Muslim faction against the Christians forces which had occupied the holy land. However, in 1291, the Muslims were able to control Jerusalem and parts of the coastal areas, which they controlled ...

The first temple, construction 3000 years ago was destroyed on the same date on which the second Hebrew temple was destroyed

Only the High Priest was allowed to enter the inner chambers of the Temple, that is, the Holy of the Holies Chamber

The High Priest had to enter the Temple with a pure heart and mind

There were numerous symbols in the Temple; the meanings of these symbols were quite unclear and was only known to a few

Most Important Statements about the four Pieces of Information from the Temple of Jerusalem

It appears that the Temple of Jerusalem was associated with a lot of mysterious circumstances. It is quite unclear whether these mysteries were as a result of human expectation or they were associated with the holiness of the Temple. For instance, people considered it mysterious that the First Hebrews’ Temple was destroyed on the same ...

What four (4) reasons do Davis et al. give for the Christian Crusades against the Muslim Empire that contradict how they are "often portrayed" (1371)?

The Christian knights had united to help Constantinople with a concealed agenda of recovering Jerusalem and occupying it.

The Christians started a “holy war” that was a retaliation against the Muslims conquest in the region The Christians eventually settled and lived amongst Muslims after they found a way to live together. The crusades helped the Papacy assert in Muslim and other religious and secular groups while assisting kings to expand and consolidate their authority. What evidence is there to be found in "Pope Urban II's Call to the First Crusade" (1379-81) ...

The Middle East history has a high number of full-scale, inter-state wars, such as the wars due to Arab-Israeli conflicts, Yemen war, and Iran-Iraq war. The Arab-Israel conflict has two elements to it, which are the Israeli-Palestinian element and the Israeli-Arab element. At the end of the 1800s, the Promised Land was set up so that the Jewish people can overcome the anti-Semitism and persecution and the migration of Jews to the Promised Land created issues. During WWI, the British convinced the Arab Leaders to revolt against Ottoman Empire as they support Germany, in return for which the British ...

“Hope, Healing, and the struggle” by Braverman is about the struggles of the Pakistani people against the Israeli discriminatory conditions like the wall he talks about in “A wall in Jerusalem”, (Braverman 1). Jesus’ son on the other hand tells about the lives of the addicts in the stories and how they overdose on drugs in presence of their lovers. Interestingly, they live in a life of struggle and loss of direction. Jesus’ son is a tale of the young addicts without hope, and in need of healing while living with the struggles of their lives. Johnson chose the ...

The Acts of the Apostles is the fifth book of the New Testament, which tells the story of the establishing the Christian church and the spread of its holy message on the territory of the Roman Empire. It is considered to be the cornerstone in the history of Christianity (Schmemann, 120). Purpose: to provide a history of the early Christian church. The emphasis of the book is put on the importance of Pentecost and witnessing Jesus Christ`s deeds. Acts tells the story about the apostles witnessing Christ's miracles in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and it is aimed to send ...

Purpose Statement

Introduction Nehemiah 1: 5-11 is a prayer that demonstrates the importance of faith in pursuing the moral path in relation to the cultural values that one holds. The characteristics that are presented within this passage demonstrate the importance of belonging to a community, which transcends the boundaries of the physical world. Within the passage, Nehemiah prays for the success of the request he made to Artaxerxes to help his people, who had been defeated and broken, many in captivity or exiled. With the gates and walls of Jerusalem broken their sense of safety and community had been destroyed. In ...

The factors that contributed to Europe’s economic growth between 950 and 1100, otherwise known as the Early Middle Ages, were the development of new technology like crop rotation as well as the improved climate which allowed farmers to produce more crops which they could trade with thus helping the economy (Norton 2010). The increase in towns and commerce also helped as the “agricultural revolution served as a foundation for a new commercial revolution” (Norton 2010). Thus the towns became a symbol for the relationship which they shared with those who lived in the countryside as the goods that ...

And their purpose, key verse(s), themes, objectives, context.

And their purpose, key verse(s), themes, objectives, context. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are the Four Christian Evangelists  and the authors of the four Gospels in the New Testament. The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are defined as the Synoptic Gospels, as they include many identical stories, sometimes even in the same progression. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are called evangelists, people who announce good news, as their books are to tell people the "good news" ("gospel") of Jesus Christ. The Gospel According to Matthew is the first gospel book of the New Testament. It tells the ...

Introduction:

Nehemiah 1: 5-11 is a prayer that demonstrates the importance of faith in pursuing the moral path lain out by Christian ideologies. The characteristics that are presented within this passage demonstrate the importance of belonging to a community, which transcends the boundaries of the physical world. Within the passage, Nehemiah prays for the success of his request to help his people, who have been lost to despair. In thinking after his people, praying and fasting in order to promote their well-being, and the ultimate presentation of pleas to his new King for the capability to help them his pious ...

Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project:

Micah, Book of Micah 1:1 attributes the authorship to Micah of Moresheth. This was during the time of the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. His visions were particularly directed at Samaria, and Jerusalem. This makes the writings current with the dates of their reigns. Thus, it would be the dates as Jotham (c. 742-735 BC), Ahaz (c. 735-715 BC), and Hezekiah (c. 742-735 BC) Micah is often referred to as the prophet of the poor, as he preached judgment against the people of Jerusalem – the city folk (Mariottini n.p.). Micah falls under the literary genre of prophetic writing. ...

Essay

Establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine Stability of the Middle East remains questionable up to nowadays. An important part of the Middle East conflict is the struggle for the control of Jerusalem between the Jews, Christians and Muslims. In the field of International Politics, it can be considered to be a very deep-rooted conflict. It was considered, and remains to be, one of the most widely- and passionately-debated conflicts in the Middle East. ‘The Arab-Israeli conflict in the modern era is now in its 67th year (1948-2015), and is paralyzed’ (Anderson 2015). In my opinion, it can be explained ...

Introduction

A book written around A.D. 95, according to theological historians, the book Revelations of John is written by the same Apostle John who knew Jesus when He was a man on the earth, serving as one of His disciples and working fervently in His ministry. Understanding that the various apostles such as, Stephen and Paul, Bartholomew and Silas, were martyrs for the sake of the Church of Jesus Christ and the eminency of His ascendency, John lived to become an old man. John declared and proclaimed that he loved Jesus more than any of his brothers of the discipleship. ...

The differences between the Christianity and Judaism lie in the differences of understanding, evaluation and apprehension of the Old Testament and the New Testament. To understand what happens then, we must first take into account the fact that, originally, the nascent Christian movement is fully Jewish. Jesus himself is Jewish. His disciples were Jewish. And all the great figures of the first Christian generation, Jacques, Peter, and Paul, to name a few, are Jews. Thus, the Christian movement was born and began to grow within Judaism. However, that Judaism was soon through a terrible crisis, caused by the destruction ...

The Old Testament discipline studies with its supporting archaeological, philological, literary technicians and historical are composed on the edge of new times which contains both threats and promises. It states that biblical texts were given fair opportunities to talk as a witness to the reality the bible was acknowledged to describe. This text was imperiled to appropriate scrutiny obtained from the textual criticism science, syntax, morphology, criticism form, and lexicography. The advantages obtained from these researchers were not without the significant benefits garnered from external control multitudes. Archaeology was good in the vanguard setting the Old Testament scholars pace ...

Introduction

Contemporary academic analysis is concentrated on the issue of states’ emergence. The former is analyzed in different social, political, and economic contexts. Such state of affairs can be explained from the practical point of view, meaning nowadays there are many players at the international level which have recently appeared. However, in order to understand the nature of the aforementioned processes, the historical analysis is thought to be of great importance, since lots of contemporary phenomena took place in the previous centuries. Thus, in this paper, the correlation between the Sykes-Picot agreement, formation of the Palestinian identity, and creation of ...

One of the most elongated conflicts in the world has surely been related to the Jews and Arabs over the territory that defines the modern state of Israel. What many people fail to notice is the gravity of the conflict and how the conflict surely is not recent. What makes both the conflict and the peace process so complex between these two groups is that their cultures and religious beliefs date back thousands of years, (Jospe, R., 1995). To this end, they have many religious holy sites, for example, that are sacred to both faiths due to the territorial ...

The gospel of Luke is among the three synoptic gospels in the New Testament. The three books including Mathew and mark tell the same story, with a slight difference brought by some emphasis and special additions. The gospel of Luke tells the story of Jesus Christ of Nazareth from his birth, his ministry, gathering of the disciples, his trial before Pilate, his crucifixion on the cross, his death, and his eventual resurrection. This gospel composed of genealogy, parables, narrative history, prophetic oracles, and sermons. The book mainly focuses on parables and has 19 parables. The most used word in ...

The Crusades are the series of the religious military campaigns in the XI-XV centuries from Western Europe against the Muslims and not only. In a narrow sense they are the campaigns of 1096-1291 years into Palestine, first aimed at the ‘liberation’ of Jerusalem (with the Holy Sepulchre), against the Seljuk Turks. In a broader sense, Crusades are also other campaigns, proclaimed by popes, including later conducted Crusades with the purposes of the conversion to Christianity Gentiles Baltic and suppression of the heretical and anticlerical currents in Europe (the Cathars, Hussites, and others) (Bridge). At the beginning of the XIII ...

I. Identification and Significance

Courtly Love-This is a concept that denotes the noble and chivalrous expression of love ‘The Other’ Medieval Religion- While the Roman Catholic Church was regarded as the only religion during the middle ages. However, there are instances when conflict occurs among important members of the church, thus, the establishment of other religions. Medieval Science Popular Religion- There was a great conflict between science and religion during the medieval times. The church has a considerable influence in limiting and encouraging scientific exploits during that time. Walensians Knightly Culture- The knightly culture of the Walensians originated during ...

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Introduction The Israel-Palestinian conflict, as its name implies, is the ongoing struggle between the two nations of Israel and Palestine that began in the middle of the 20th century. This conflict is complex and involves many issues between the two nations such as recognition of each other as a separate state, matters of territories and boundaries, control of Jerusalem, water issues, Palestinian freedom and rights, among other things. Since there are many issues at hand, the conflict between the two countries is ongoing until now, with no chance of a solution or point of compromise in the near future. ...

The conflict between the Israelites and the Palestinians is due to struggle for land and territorial boundaries. They both believe that the land belongs to them. Israelites believe that the land they are fighting for, called Israel, is theirs and they are entitled to it. On the other hand, the Palestinians believe that they are entitled to the land, called Palestine. Both the sides claim over the same land, only that they call it different names. The Palestinians believed that the land was given to them by Allah, and therefore it is rightfully theirs. The Israelites believe that God ...

The First Crusade was organized in 1096 by the decision of Pope Urban II at the request of Byzantine Emperor Alexius I with the aim of helping the Eastern Christians in the defense of Anatolia (Asia Minor) from the onset of the Seljuks. During the campaign, further objective turned out to be the liberation of the holy city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims. Initially, the Pope`s appeal was addressed only to the French knights, but, later, the Crusade turned into a full-scale military campaign, and its idea spread to all the Christian states of ...

Introduction/Thesis

Christians believe that the Jewish people do not accept Christ as the Messiah because they are waiting for a political leader rather than a spiritual one. The Jewish people do not believe that Jesus is the Messiah because he does not fulfill all of the requirements. This paper will discuss the differences between the two beliefs. Christians believe that Jesus is the Messiah because fulfills the criteria that was laid out in the Bible. This criterion was dominated by the fact that Jesus said that he was the Messiah. In John 4:25-26, when a woman told him that she ...

The multi-part film “From Jesus to Christ” looks at the origins of Christianity and Christianity’s early relationship with Judaism and the Roman Empire, using archaeological facts, experts in the field, historical reference and writings from the Dead Sea scrolls and both the old and new testaments. Although there were interviews with numerous scholars, it is difficult to ascertain the accuracy of the information presented since there are few primary documents of the time period. In “From Jesus to Christ”, one scholar, Dr. Cohen begins in a matter of fact manner to present what is known about Jesus’s ...

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in 1999 founded the Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād which is the present day ISIL. Initially, the organization pledged support to the Al Qaeda and fought alongside them against the Multinational force which invaded Iraq in 2003 (Spark 3). In 2006, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi died and the remnants of his militant organization founded the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI). Subsequent leadership who had the ability to keep the group aligned to the ideology of Al Qaeda died in US led attacks (Spark 4). Eventually, the Al Qaeda, in 2014 realized it could no longer keep ...

The Dome of the Rock is the first imperial structure made for Islam and also the second most important Islamic site after Mecca. It was built in the 7th century in Jerusalem by Caliph Abd al-Malik, also known as the Umayyad. As an edifice, the Dome of the Rock is not a mosque, but more of a religious shrine. Like Mecca, the Dome of the Rock stands on a sacred stone this is the period of the Islamic culture, which also involves Mohamed. Mohamed was born in the 6th century in Mecca. The Dome of the Rock has its ...

The Quran and the Bible have some similarities as well as differences. However, in the recent years, believers of the two religions have focused on the differences more than the similarities. These differences have brought about enmity and misunderstanding among believers of the two religions. The rivalry between Christians and Muslims began during the Crusader Era (1095-1291). This was a period when the Crusaders were trying to free their “Holy Land” from the yoke of Islam (Trautman and Peterson). To understand the genesis of these differences, which have highly been exaggerated in the contemporary society, it is important to ...

Introduction

Human being is nothing but God’s creation. God has given guidance to the human beings through Holy Books so that they can lead their lives in the direction of those who are on the righteous path. Genesis is one of them, which reveals God’s message. God tests His creature no matter that he is a trivial human being or His messenger. Genesis has a chapter in which God’s test story has been discussed. The chapter is not a myth but it is the ‘Word of Almighty God.’ Isaac is the messenger of God and this chapter ...

American presidents are limited to run for two terms in office. A large number of presidential candidates compete for nominations in republican and democratic nominations. The United States of America and five other nation agreed to an outline for Iranian nuclear deal in April 2015 where President Obama concentrated on convincing the Congress and the American citizens that this deal was to make the world especially America, and its allies a safer place. The nuclear deal was implemented in January 2016 after it was confirmed that Iran was in compliance with the provision of joint comprehensive plan action by ...

Instructuctor Name:

The central claim of supersessionism, an ancient Christian mindset that can be traced way back to the first century, is the forfeiture of God’s covenant with Jews due to their collective guilt over the death of Jesus (Cunningham 1). This ancient thinking could very well be found before the Second Vatican Council. It even found expression from Pope Pius X in a personal message to Theodor Herzl in 1904 – that the Jewish faith was the foundation of Christianity – but was replaced by the teachings of Christ (Cunningham 2). However, in the same verse in his epistle to the ...

Melchizedek from the bible is the king of Slaem and is the priest of El Elyon. Reference to Melchizedek is found in the 14th chapter of Genesis. The name referred to twice in the Bible in the books of Psalms and Genesis. Ark of the Covenant from the biblical perspective was a wooden chest clad. The stone tablets that engraved the Ten Commandments, Aron’s rod and the pot of manna were covered in gold. Moriah is the name of a mountain range mentioned in the bible in the book of Genesis as the Isaac sacrificial mountain. The Muslim ...

Some cities were imagined, designed and created wholly or partially in a way that forever provided shape for their histories and identities, governments and religions as well as for the economies of their citizens. An example is the great city of Jerusalem. Whatever they were or however they developed later in time, the details of their foundation, along the momentous and monumental contractions that redesigned or redefined various sectors within them make them case studies in the historical processes that surround cities as well as their regional and continental effects. The paper attempts to identify the evolution of Jerusalem ...

Religion as a subject has been studied extensively by several scholars with an aim to show distinction and origins. Various aspects of religion are not explored leaving only a select few scholars with similar ideas or related concepts to propagate said thought processes. Thomas tweed is such a scholar. He has extensively conducted research in the area of religious space and defined it in a number of ways that will be explored in this thesis. Jerusalem, a popular and oldest city known to man, is a god example that can be used to better shed light into the theories ...

History of the Crusades is described in detail in the ancient chronicles, widely reported in the scientific works, and has become a favorite subject for the cinema. It has been less known that the Crusader invasion led to mass destruction and annihilation of the local Muslims and Christians: Orthodox, Jacobites, and Armenian Monophysites. It was from then on that they became a humiliated, despised minority, which currently is only suffering on their own territories. Very quickly, Arabic supplanted the Aramaic language of the indigenous population. Now only residents of three small villages north of Damascus speak it. The Crusades ...

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A New Relationship between Christians and Jews

The central claim of supersessionism, an ancient Christian mindset that can be traced way back to the first century, is the forfeiture of God’s covenant with the Jews due to their collective guilt over the death of Jesus (Cunningham 1). This ancient thinking can still be found before Vatican Council II and even found expression from Pope Pius X in a personal message to Theodor Herzl in 1904: “The Jewish faith was the foundation of our own, but it has been superseded by the teachings of Christ” (Cunningham 2). Saint Paul wrote ...

Introduction

Schindler’s List is a film centered on the historical injustices committed against German Jews. The perpetrators were Nazi soldiers whose aim was to eradicate the Jewish race in Germany through mechanisms such as indiscriminate shooting, exterminations and gassing of innocent Jews. Trains were used to transport large numbers of Jews to military camps, who would then be distributed to labor camps while the physically weak were killed. The film, therefore, depicts the image of how political situations could damage social stability and cause major atrocities against innocent people. The film relies on symbols in the form of characters ...

The Old Testament is believed to have been written before the time of Jesus (BC). Different books in this period of time feature known faithful and prophets such as Abraham, Moses, David and his son Solomon. The book of Ecclesiastics, in the Old Testament, has been regarded as one of the most controversial books in the bible. Officially, it is believed to have been authored by a Hebrew named Qoheleth. However, given the style of writing and the way the author evokes the reader’s emotion, most people believe the book was authored by none other than Solomon. The ...

Throughout the biblical history from Genesis to Revelation, the Bible talks about persecution/suffering and caring for the needy. The Old Testament does not emphasize it the way Jesus puts it in the New Testament. The Christian point of view of these two concepts is reflected by utilizing the examples set by Jesus, when He came to earth to save the souls of men. Jesus gave some teachings on why suffering and persecution was part of the Christian path and why it was the responsibility of Christians to care for the needy in the fulfillment of the God’s purpose ...

Nationalism is defined as the devotion that a particular person has towards his country. It is widely described as a sense of belonging that many people feel important. This sense of belonging allows the person to put primary interest to the nation. Many historians differentiate nationalism from patriotism by saying that nationalism is a state of belonging that people have over a country that is not yet free while patriotism is the love and loyalty for a country that is free. Arab nationalism is the state that arose among the Arab-speaking nations which felt the necessary urge to unite ...

Many works of nonfiction and fiction, including Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code, have suggested that there is a link between the Knights Templar of the Middle Ages and Freemasonry as it exists today. While the majority of historians and researchers do not currently accept that this is the case, there are certain slight indications that might point in this direction. Certainly a number of Masons believe this might be the case. But to consider the possibility that there is a link between these two organizations requires understanding what occurred during the dissolution of the Knights Templar in the ...

1.2 Religion, Mega Events, and Tourism 1.2.1 Introduction This section seeks to discuss into detail the association and interrelationship between religion, mega events, and tourism. In essence, the section reviews some of the perspective, observations, and critiques of these three aspects by previous authors. Jafari (1988) acknowledges that sporting events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, Expo, and other related competitions which mostly attract audience from every part of the globe play a significant role in determining the tourism patterns. Understandably, they provide tourism opportunities for the host countries bearing in mind that visitors flock into the ...

Comparison Essay on Architectural History of a Building

Introduction The Dome of the Rock (Qubbat as‐Sakhrah) is a religious edifice structure built in the7th century that is located in Jerusalem. It was built by Caliph Abd al‐Malik, the Umayyad. This edifice is not a mosque, but may be described as a Muslim shrine. Like the Mecca Ka'ba, the Dome of the Rock is built on a sacred stone. It is widely believed to be the place from which Muhammad the prophet ascended into heaven in the process of his night journey into heaven. The sacred stone over which this edifice is built was long considered ...

Introduction

Ezekiel was the son of Buzi an Israelite priest who was an emigrated Israelite in Babylonia. It is believed that he lived through the teachings of Josiah and Jeremiah and he began his own ministry in about 592 B.C. when he was about 30 years of age and continued until about 571 B.C. .God raised up Ezekiel to serve as a prophet during a most difficult time in Israel’s history. He provides a tremendous illustration of a leader with backbone and conviction. In the beginning God first brought up Ezekiel as he received a revelation about four angelic ...

The Islamic World from 600-1400 and the African Societies and Kingdoms 1000 BCE-1500 CE

The religion of Islam was found by Muhammad in Mecca. He was said to have received visions from the angel Gabriel. These visions led Muhammad to believe that he was the last prophet which was why God was speaking to him through Gabriel. This is the same God as the Christians and Jews. Despite this there are many differences between the three religions (1) Jewish people do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah and they are still waiting on the Messiah (2) Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah and that he died for everyone’s sins and ...

In the Bible of the Hebrews, the books of Nehemiah and Ezra are one book. Due to this fact, it is believed that Ezra must have been the person who wrote the book of Nehemiah. There is a likelihood that this book was first written probably between the years 445 and 420 BC. Ezra had led an early return to the Israel land where he did the work of restoration of worship in the temple of Jerusalem that had been rebuilt. Zechariah the prophet had done people to rebuild the temple before that time and so Ezra’s duty ...

The Colosseum, a structure that is elliptical in shape, was built in the first century CE under the Roman emperor of the Flavian Dynasty which included; Vespasian (69-79 CE), Titus (79-81CE), and Domitian (81-96 AD) (Kuntz 45). History of the Colosseum started after Nero, who was the ruler at that time, became too extravagant. The aftermath was a rebellion by the Jews in Palestine against the Roman rule. After the great fire at Rome, Nero had built an enormous palace for himself, which he called the Golden Palace in AD 64 right in the centre of the city. Thereafter ...

Introduction

A connection between religion and a sacred place is immense. It represents the beliefs invested into the religious domain, a symbolic meaning to the parishioners, and the history encapsulated in a particular place. That is why all religious buildings were constructed in the locations that are significant for the believers and to a particular religion. In some instances it may happen that a sacred building plays a role of a holy place for several religions, as it is the case with Jerusalem. This city is the epitome of holiness, as it contains the places of particular importance for Christians, ...

Introduction

The period that is associated with the crusaders can be described as the period towards the end of the tenth century to the end of fourteenth century. The paper will review the primary sources about the materials that were used by the crusaders in Jerusalem. The paper will also examine the political, social, and economic aspects of the Jerusalem city under the Christian and the Muslim rulers. The manuscript will evaluate how the different leadership influenced the manner of the lives of the people in Jerusalem, and the influence of the leadership to the social, economic, and political status ...

The paper intends to analyze the media of Israel on the basis of promoting cultural revolutions. It has been observed that Israel media has been evolving in terms of promoting its culture and its agendas across the country and at the international level as well (Hallin and Mancini 20). For this purpose, the use of English language has been prevailing across the country, besides its National Language, Hebrew. The paper focuses the Israel attempts to strengthen its position at the international level, focusing on the use of English Language even in their national newspapers. In this regard, the paper ...

Hannah Arendt (Oct.14, 1906 - Dec. 4, 1975) was a German born American philosopher. The subject of her works is the nature of power. They deal also with politics, authority, direct democracy, and totalitarianism. Her best work Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) gives full retrospection of the phenomenon totalitarianism. She followed it to the anti-Semitism in the nineteenth century, imperialism, and the decomposition of the traditional nation-state. Her flowing style of writing allows even the non-professional readers to apprehend her ideas and to ask themselves questions as how far can man go in losing the possibility to distinguish what is ...

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The Rights of an Accused in Canonical Penal Procedures

IS THERE A CURSE? [I Samuel 17:21-31] Because of the Opportunities, There is a Curse: In the evil of war, the opportunity to subdue a nation through hatred and violence brings with it the curse of the aggressor, the Philistines. The fear that descended among the Israelites from the menacing presence of the monstrous Goliath of Gath (The Jerusalem Bible OT365; v. 24) broke the stronghold of faith in God among those who supposed to be soldiers of God. However, God’s opportunities are never curses. To David, whose heart responded with indignity ...

Abstract

With the new medium of photography, it was possible to get a glimpse of the past and familiar with the far off places and distant locations. Photography allowed a more immediate connection to connection to people and places departed by geographical distance and time. The essay discusses the 19th century travel photography and the medium and techniques used by the photographers of those times. What motivated those photographers to work, where they were from and what lands did thy travel, the paper takes examples from their works, discussing the key characteristics and how those photographs became a powerful medium ...

1) “By the Rivers of Babylon”: Exile as a Way of Life (Diaz, 149-163) is an essay about how a Cuban in exile relates her life story to Psalm 137. It is about sorrow, longing, nostalgia, hope, vengeance, struggle and forgiveness of those exiled from Jerusalem to Babylon and the Cubans who seek refuge to the United States of America since Castro’s regime. The writer explained through a literary review why she keeps holding on the Psalm as she tries to keep life going in a foreign land. Like the Christians who were forced to exile in ...

I am an immigrant from Jerusalem, as is the rest of my family. People hear that and assume my parents were rich professionals or some such. That was not my family’s experience. My family came from a dirt poor neighborhood in Jerusalem. Everyone hears stories about terrorism and violence there on the news, but what most people don’t realize is that it’s so much worse in the slums that aren’t judged colorful or tragic enough to be worth a globe-trotting journalist’s time. If a problem isn’t sexy enough for a journalist to care ...

The Book of Revelation has yielded different interpretive possibilities for just about as long as there have been theologians around to read and explain it. This is a book that is filled with mysteries, whether it is the identity of the four apocalyptic horsemen who are supposed to usher in the judgment of God, the timing of the rising of people from the dead for that judgment, and whether Jesus Christ returns before the tribulation of the believers or after -- or whether the 1,000-year reign that the book discusses is literal or figurative in nature. After all, ...

Biology is an interesting subject. It really is. Disgracefully few people have a genuine appreciation for the processes of living systems, both within the bodies of any given organism and in the context of a larger ecosystem. That said, I know that there are far too many unemployed graduates with Biology degrees to think picking this major by itself is path to anything other than a lifetime teaching high school. So while the study of biology is something I’m genuinely interested in, the reason I want to major in it is as a stepping stone to medical school. ...