Justice System Research Papers Samples For Students

Exposure to Racial Discrimination in Criminal Justice System

The criminal justice system of the United States comprises several challenges and flaws, while the issue with the spread of the racial disparity poses the most significant problem to the welfare of the citizens of the country. This problem is not new to the criminal justice system as it has roots in the XX century with the consideration of the cases of African Americans in trial. In the beginning of this period of time, African Americans amounted to 10% of the entire population of the United States, while the amount of the sentenced prisoners may be regarded as relatively ...

ABSTRACT

The juvenile crime rate has made a significant increase in America as children as young as eight years old are committing violent crimes. The juvenile justice system was first created to keep children out of adult prisons and to rehabilitate the children so that they will become productive non-criminal adults. This system has not been effective. Children are impacted by many factors when faced with decisions in today’s society. They are not as developed and lack the reasoning capability like adults. Thus, new approaches to juvenile justice must be instilled throughout the country in order to prevent more ...

Introduction

In the end of the twentieth century the United States was concerned with the spread of the drug abuse among the pregnant females. Several experts came to the conclusion that the addiction to the drug during the pregnancy will impact the mental and physical health of the child. Moreover, the experts predicted that the children born by the mother using the drugs will show the unsatisfactory academic performance. Besides, it should be said that the increased interest of society to the problem with crack babies was caused by the policy introduced by Ronald Reagan on position of the President ...

The capital punishment is a form of punishment that is applied in the criminal justice system. It is worth noting that death penalty is one of the debatable issues in the world. Canada is one of the countries that debate on the death penalty as a form of punishment. For many centuries, countries have utilized capital punishment as a strategy for dealing with serious criminals. The form of punishment in Canada dates back to the era of the British colony. This was a form of punishment that was administered to those conceited of murder, assault, rape, buggery of animals, ...

Mental Illness Among Criminals

The prison systems have been over populated by many criminals in our country. The increasing rate of prisoners who have been diagnosed with mental illness is increasing. Many criminals have either been diagnosed with mental illness before being arrested and put into prison or they were diagnosed with mental issues after being incarcerated. The inmates with mental illness while committing crimes may have done so because of their illness. The people who were incarcerated and then diagnosed could have had mental problems because of the prisons system they are now living in. It can cause inmates to become depressed, ...

The

ABSTRACT
The underage offenders can not be treated as adult criminals. Children have more chances to change. A special court system for juveniles has created a service-delivery system that provides minors with education, guidance, and supervision. The courts for juveniles also differ from the ones for adults. Commonly, the juvenile courts are informal in order not to stress the child, but minors has still have less rights in the court than adults. Also children can be punished for the cases that are absolutely legal for adults, like possession of alcohol and tobacco and running away from home. Minors are ...

Abstract:

Mental illnesses altogether place a significant burden of disorder on young people. They induce adequate negative outcomes short- and long-term in several domains. Many youths with mental illnesses such as Bipolar disorder and Schizophrenia fall into the clutches of the criminal justice system (CJS) due to their risky behavior. This leads to a problematic quality of life. The main objective of the paper is to highlight about the mental illnesses in youth and the criminal justice system. A web search was conducted and quality articles were retrieved. It was observed that mentally ill youth encounter trouble with regard to ...

(Institution Name)

Abstract

The use of information technology in the matter of justice provision has enabled the law enforcement agencies to ensure that the criminals are effectively captured and put behind bars. The technological tools that have notably contributed towards the cause are surveillance and cameras, forensic equipment for detection of criminals and communication means. These technology items have helped in making the law supreme and to make the criminals afraid of the law. Gun control has been made possible largely with the help of these technology tools as the people are being monitored and managed much more effectively with ...

Issue with the Justice System

Law Enforcement
Introduction
The terms law enforcement pertains to a government agency that assumes the responsibility of maintaining public order including public safety and enforcement of the law. There are several branches of law enforcement both local and federal that assume the said responsibility. The local police department, the FBI, Sherriff’s department, special jurisdiction police, and among others are inclusive of the term law enforcement because their key function involves, detection, deterrence, and apprehension of criminal activities. The discussion will highlight the key functions and purpose of law enforcement and the current issues facing this branch of the ...

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Introduction
Capital punishment is the legal remedy afforded by the state that legitimizes the punishment of death penalty for those criminals who have violated a particular law. Such method of punishment is not new. In fact, in the history of mankind, the capital punishment has been observed. Various forms of capital punishment such as stoning, burning, hanging, beheading, crucifying, etc., can be observed in various societies and cultures of the world that goes back as far as history can tell. Today, the imposition of capital punishment has survived. And though there are modern ways of taking someone’ ...

Introduction

With the ongoing process of internationalization, the inter-connectedness between countries significantly improved and it persuaded regulators worldwide to think about criminal justice on a global perspective. Though different countries follow different types of criminal justice systems, they all have identified the need of enhanced co-operation for establishing law and order in their territory. Fast advancements in the technological landscape assisted nations worldwide to take collaborative efforts to promote crime management and prevention. However, growing cyber crimes raise new threats to criminal justice systems worldwide because criminals have always been one step ahead of law enforcement agencies in terms of ...

Paper Outline

Introduction
Thesis Statement: The use of DNA in a criminal prosecution has helped advance justice for both victims and suspects by, among other things, eliminating the possibility of wrongful conviction due to inaccurate identification. This way, it has also tremendously helped the law enforcement agencies in the criminal justice system in fighting and solving crime through effective investigation of offenses. However, there are also legal -particularly human rights- and ethical challenges regarding DNA application in criminal prosecution (Naughton & Gabe 245).

Sub-Points

-Improved the functionality of the criminal Justice system
The use of DNA in a criminal prosecution has enhanced the ...

Research Paper

Abstract
The youth is the most at-risk group in terms of gang membership nowadays. It has been found in several studies that gang involvement largely appeal to adolescents, especially those living in poor neighborhoods, estranged or alienated in schools, and in conflict with police authorities or the larger criminal justice system. Researchers reported that the youth turns to gangs to compensate for their lack of adequate and proper socialization. Large communities, or areas with sizable populations, have serious gang-related problems. This paper discusses existing empirical studies on gang formation, membership, and violence. There is a considerable dearth of studies ...

Introduction

Superhero is a term that is socially accepted and widely revered in today’s society. We are fed with information about their supreme powers and ability to save humanity from evil. Every popular media form has been used to ensure our society fantasizes about their presence and accept their critically maligned narratives (King 167). Vigilante, it’s a word taken from Spanish and it was first introduced to America in the mid-19th century. A vigilante is someone who operates alone or in a group, “takes the law into their own hands” (Butler 1). These people are not endorsed as ...

Abstract

This paper evaluates several sources to try and determine whether the needs of youth in juvenile detention facilities are being met. While most youths consider counselling to be effective, more than half of them do not have the pleasure of working with professional mental health personnel. The education system used in most of these facilities tends to be ineffective because the needs of detained youth are different from the needs of their counterparts in the general population. Further, there are various disruptions, including court proceedings and security procedures that take up plenty of time that would be used for ...

Actions

The Effectiveness of Pretrial Bail in Ensuring that Criminals are Held Accountable for Their Actions
Abstract
There is an increased concern over the rising costs of maintaining the correction facilities. Law breakers are held as they wait for their trials thus exerting more pressure on the already congested prison facilities. Whereas the correction facilities are important part of the judicial system, the cost implications are and in some cases exceed the benefits that are reaped from them. Incarnation is preferred as the main form of punishment for the law breakers. The system has been in place since time in ...

The death penalty remains a most controversial topic not only in the ‘US but the rest of the world for many years now. It was in 1622 that the first execution took place in the United States in Virginia for a criminal in the American colonies as stated by Marcus (838). Many oppose while several others support the death penalty. What adds to the debatable issue are the process, mistakes, and costs involved. The last execution in the US took place in 2015.
The paper considers all those issues related to the death penalty and if it is the ...

The United States has the highest prison population in the world while having only 5 percent of the world’s population (Liptak, 2008). While most of the people who are incarcerated are in the prison system because of non-violent or drug related offenses. With most of these consisting of Hispanic and African American people from lower income areas. This disproportion is caused mainly because of the lack of equal access to education. Four in every ten prisoners returns to jail within three years of being released “a collective rate that has remained largely unchanged in years, despite huge increases ...

Abstract

A plea bargain has defined the court proceedings in the recent history of the criminal justice system. As such, prosecutors and judges have adapted to the policy to carry on activities while practicing copping plea arrangements so as to reduce the number of pending cases and the pile that characterizes most of the district magistrates’ courts. On one side, the idea of a plea bargain has greatly enhanced the efficiency of the legal systems. This is because it has reduced the time for prosecutors to work on various trials as well as reducing the instances of overcrowding in jails ( ...

Introduction

The issue of trying teens who commit crimes has been subject to debate for several years. It is important to note that the criminal behavior is shown by warrants severe punishments or at least being held responsible. The question as to whether the teen should be tried in the courts like adults who commit a similar crime still elicits divergent reaction and opinion. Proponents of leniency on teens argue that they should always be offered a new lease of life to correct their behavior as such change their criminal mannerism (Bechtold et al. 126). However, such statements are a ...

The influx of drug-related criminals is the main cause of overcrowding in most correctional institutions across in the United States and specifically Texas. Offenders' numbers related to other crimes such as homicide, robbery, and burglary have remained steady over the number of years, but drug-related offenders are increasing leading to a high number of them behind bars in prisons across Texas. The problem is captured in a study by the state government which found out that six of ten prisoners in the state and federal facilities are convicted of drug possession or drug abuse charges. As such, this means ...

INTRODUCTION

The American criminal justice system is a very complex entity that most people hope to have little interaction with. Most people will tell you that it can also be incredibly confusing. People become most invested in court proceedings when they are high profile cases that garner a great deal of media attention; some that many are familiar with include Amy Fisher, Casey Anthony and, certainly, the O.J. Simpson trial. Another case that became the center of media attention is the trial of Jodi Arias. Jodi Arias is a 32-year-old woman who is currently serving a life sentence, without the ...

Traditional and Practical Approaches

Through the traditional approach, the courts would focus on collection of important evidence that would help towards ensuring that the decisions made within the court match the overall expectations from all parties involved. Crandall (2014) argues that a traditional approach relies on the understanding and close review of the evidence presented as part of the problem. The courts system has the mandate of maintaining justice and fairness in any decision that it make especially when faced with an underlying problem. From that perspective, it would be essential for the courts system to take up the traditional approach that would ...

Introduction

The United States is depicted as the most democratic nation in the world. The aspect of democracy arises from the choices that people are presented with. The ability to determine one’s leaders, goods, services, regions and rights are some of the choice elements that the American population is presented with. Another aspect that can be associated with the United States is its diversity in regards to the ethnic groups and races; immigration has resulted in the creation of one of the most interracial communities in the world.
Nearly all races are present in America as a result of ...

Criminal Justice: Women in Prison

In this paperwork, I am going to discuss issues in the incarceration of women such as mental illness, pregnancy, substance use, separation of family, as well as the environment.
When the term Prisons is mentioned, we automatically switch our mind to young men, since approximately ninety percent of inmates are male, according to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. It is important to note that the proportion of imprisoned women is small, but this proportion consists of hundreds of thousand women, at present, living behind bars in the United States. Currently, the number of women wedged in the criminal justice ...

Angela Davis’ analysis of the naturalization of the prison system within American society puts it open that for the most of the time, the multiple ways the prison system permeates our daily lives (morally, economically, ideologically, etc) is not considered (Davis 78). However, we consider it and we do think about it because we are so removed from it. We only understand the prison system in terms of what we see in popular media. In my essay, building from Davis’ notion of the naturalization of prison and her attempts to “denaturalize the prison system” (Cecil 1), I explore the ...

Introduction

The use of police discretion is a major challenge to the police today. Police discretion is the availability of a choice of options one can take in a situation. Discretion involves making a judgment and a decision, Dempsey J. (2009). The criminal justice system involves various amounts of discretion. A police can sentence a defendant on bail or order the defendant incarcerated until trial. In police, there are huge cases of discretion because the crimes committed by the people are not always the same. The police have to perform broad discretion behind a façade of performing in ministerial fashion. The police use discretion to arrest, ...

Ministry of justice

Access to Justice: evidence of the experiences of minority groups based on ethnicity, identity and sexuality

Abstract

This review is basically focused on the research paper done on justice and its unequal partiality in accessibility as it relates to minority groups based on ethnicity, identity and sexuality. The paper of interest is ‘Access to Justice: evidence of the experiences of minority groups based on ethnicity, identity and sexuality, done by Paul Mason and Nathan Hughes, with Rachel Hek, Basia Spalek and Nicola Ward, Institute of Applied Social Studies, University of Birmingham and Allan Norman, Celtic Knot, Birmingham. The paper is ...

Introduction

The present document provides a brief overview of the culture of Florida Department of Juvenile Justice (FDJJ) and its characteristics. Further, it explains the organization’s culture and learning abilities to assess its change initiatives.

Company Review

Florida Department of Juvenile Justice is a juvenile detention center for rehabilitation of individuals involved in delinquency cases. Florida Department of Juvenile Justice operates in Florida to adopt and provide strategic and social services with an objective of the wellbeing of society (Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, 2010). The organization provides different social services to children and their families traced in the dependency actions ...

Introduction

The prison system in the United States has followed a system where prisoners are locked away from the rest of society and their families never to be seen nor heard from ever again, it has become a common theme with prison systems. Prisoners are forbidden to see their families, watch movies, and have certain times when items need to be returned so as to eliminate a possible threat against prison staff; many prisons in many states have restricted the rights of all prisoners.
Prisoners in California prisons are a shining example of said treatment, it has gotten to the ...

Introduction

In criminal justice, law enforcement agencies are institutions mandated to ensure that law and order is put into effect in a certain area of jurisdiction. They include police officers, patrol officers and prosecutors. Discretion in law enforcement refers to the capability of implementation agencies such as the police to point out and file incidents that are criminal in nature (Boivin and Cordeau, 2011). In criminal justice, discretion is also seen as the action by officers based on the opinion about the appropriate course in an encountered situation. In the process of enforcing the law, these agencies face different situations ...

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Independent Variables.7

Research Questions..8
Hypothesis....8
Conclusion..11

Introduction: Domestic violence: profile of an offender

In the past, an act of domestic violence was not considered as a matter that merits the engagement of the law. Though men have pummeled, maltreated, and molested their intimate partners for years, the common comprehension of society was that abuse and maltreatment of women was as a part of the marriage. It was only to the end of the 1970s that domestic violence was understood as a criminal offense that warranted the involvement of the criminal justice system. However, there has been much contention as to the establishment of a general, universally accepted ...

The involvement of the youth and juveniles in criminal gangs particularly in the United States is becoming an increasingly an issue of concern to the criminal justice system. Thus, a plethora of criminal justice programs have been suggested in order to reduce the destruction of property, crimes and violence caused by street gang members. According to Kent, Donaldso and Smith (2000), various programs and policies have been implemented in a bid to help reduce the rate of gang related crimes. However, not much attention has been paid to the effectiveness of evidence based practices and programs. Moreover, the general ...

The use of guns has been a controversial issue for many decades. The argument of gun violence and gun protraction has been an important discussion regarding political parties. “The Constitutional Second Amendment states that people have the right bear arms” . This means that people of society have the right to own a gun and protect themselves. Even though the Constitution states bearing arms is legal, there are many groups that do not think this is a good idea.
The crime that occurs in our country results in a lot of gun issues involved in these crimes. People who should ...

The Police in America have always been Controversial

The establishment of the police is a mandate of the constitution to ensure law enforcement, as well as public order and safety. It is created as an instrument to maintain a civil nation. As Egon Bittner asserts, the police, as an agency, are empowered and responsible to provide short-term solutions to emergent problems. Its manpower is competent enough to provide intervention to any form of emergencies, without any exceptions (Bittner, 1974). It is an institution created by the state as part of its efforts to police the people and protect the state and the people from lawless elements. Unlike ...

Study

Abstract
Juvenile transfer laws is one of the most controversial issue on the today’s criminal justice agenda of the United States of America. Thus, the policymakers vehemently argue that the possibility of being tried ‘as an adult’ is an effective general, specific and potential deterrent of juvenile crime. Enacted in the majority of the states, the juvenile transfer laws are thought to be an effective restraint against juvenile recidivism, an effective tool for rehabilitation of the young offenders and a solution, which protects the community against the most dangerous juvenile offenders.
Yet, the several studies demonstrated that these ...

The justice system within the United States is focused on the development of a court system that is governed by a series of judges. Judges serve at either the local, state, or national level in a variety of capacities, and to varying extents. The highest court of a state is the Supreme Court, while the same title is given to the highest court in operation in the country. As judges at this level are not permitted by rules of etiquette to engage in political activities, it is not generally known which party each belongs to.

Currently, California has seven sitting Supreme Court judges. Their names are:

Tani Gorre Cantil-Sakauye
Kathryn ...

Capital punishment is also known as the death penalty. This process involves the infliction of death to individuals as a punishment for certain offences by the judicial processes. This form of punishment has been practiced in the past by almost all the societies. However, a majority of the countries in the world today have abolished it, with only a few countries still following the death penalty sentencing. The deliberations over the propriety of the death penalty can be almost as old as the death penalty itself. It is interesting to note that the philosophical and moral arguments put forward by various individuals ...

Abstract

The internet has been hailed as one of the best inventions in human history. It presents seemingly endless opportunities in diverse areas including the ability to carry out business transactions over the internet. Online commerce has developed in leaps and bounds over the last decade and more complex transactions are now possible over the cyberspace. With this development has come an associated problem; cyber identity fraud. This research paper seeks to identify the trends in cyber identity fraud, analyze the legal issues involved in cyber identity fraud and make appropriate recommendations on the changes that can be made to ...

Introduction

According to the report released by the United States of America (USA) Justice Department in 2003, approximately 10.4 percent of all African American men in all the states were incarcerated, imprisoned or jailed between the ages of 25 to 29 as compared to 2.4 percent of Hispanic men and 1.2 percent of Non-Hispanic white men incarcerated. This data is also closely related to the incarceration rates in the year 2001 whereby 46 percent of all the inmates sent to prison were African American while 36 percent Non-Hispanic white men and 16 percent were Hispanic men. In this and other ...