Airway Case Studies Samples For Students

1. What is the underlying mechanism of M.A.'s asthma? What are the three airway responses that occur during an asthma episode?

An autoimmune response to allergens from cats and plants is the underlying mechanism for the patient’s condition. These allergens, though nonpathogenic, trigger an inflammatory cascade wherein lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells exert their effects on the respiratory tract (Linzer 87). As an example, B lymphocytes synthesize immunoglobulin E which helps signal the release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandin and cytokines which are proteins that promote vasodilation and hyperactivity in mucus-producing goblet cells (Murdoch & Lloyd 27). Prostaglandin causes the smooth muscles in the airway to constrict. Along with vasodilation and increased mucus production, bronchial constriction ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual.
The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Abstract

This paper answers four questions. In addition, through a case study, the paper illustrates considerations made in order to prioritize care given to hospitalized patients. A case study is given of six patients with various complications and care needs. The paper points out that those with airway problems are usually considered first for care delivery before other patients with other conditions. This is because airway problems pose more acute danger than other conditions. In this case, the paper gives a case study of patients with various complications and how the complications are managed. In addition, the paper, through another case study, ...

Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is difficult to manage because of numerous risk factors and complicated by poor self-management. This is a case study of acute severe asthma triggered by viral respiratory infection and exercise in an Aboriginal female with chronic asthma. The discussion will include the diagnostic tests, patient assessment, care and interventions, medications, and nursing care performed or should have been performed. The expected outcomes will also be described.

An arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed showing respiratory acidosis and mild hypoxaemia. Above normal PaCO2 and below normal pH meant the lungs could not eliminate carbon ...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information
HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions
PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
–ASTHMA–
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody ...

RTE 1503

Abstract:
Hypertensive pulmonary edema is a frightening disease that occurs occasionally with acute hypertension. This case study analyzes a middle aged woman and her visit to the hospital emergency department when she collapses and has difficulty breathing. It is shown by the x-ray technician that she is suffering from hypertensive pulmonary edema and after proper medical management she quickly gets better. It is important to distinguish this disease from cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which is chronic in nature and has a very different clinical picture.
A 47-year-old woman with a history of hypertension recovering from a recent bout of the flu suddenly fell ...

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most encountered cardiac rhythm disorder in clinical practice. It affects <1% of persons aged <60 years. This prevalence increases to 10% in persons aged >80 years (Amerena, Walters, Mirzaee and Kalman, 2013). Atrial fibrillation is a key differential diagnosis in patients presenting with chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, light-headedness, and syncope (Cruickshank, 2008). This paper will examine the differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and paramedic implications of atrial fibrillation in relation to the case of a 43-year old male who presents with features and ECG findings of atrial fibrillation. It will first examine ...

Introduction

Pulmonary edema (PE) is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the parenchyma and air spaces of the lungs. Most often PE is associated with respiratory failure and impaired gas exchange. Globally, PE is known to be characterized by two major factors, the first is associated with the injury of the lung parenchyma which is termed as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The second is associated with the failure of the left ventricle of the heart to release blood from the pulmonary circulation within the system and is termed as cardiogenic pulmonary edema (Glaus, Schellenberg , and Lang. 2010). The major cause ...

Anaphylaxis: Physiologic Progression and Overview

Anaphylaxis is, by its very nature, a rapid-onset reaction. Patients suffering from an anaphylactic reaction will often go into anaphylactic shock and die if the condition is not quickly reversed. The onset of anaphylaxis is triggered by some outside cause-- common causes for anaphylaxis include bee stings and peanut consumption, for instance (Huether and McCance, 2008). Anaphylaxis can be triggered by both immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms (Huether and McCance, 2008). When mediators are released from certain white blood cells that are used in both immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms, the body reacts by presenting the symptoms that are commonly associated with a ...

Written Case Study – Pathophysiology II

(Location of the University)
1. Describe the underlying pathology of COPD. What impacts do these pathological changes have on normal physiology? In particular, describe alveolar ventilation in a normal individual and discuss how this might be different in Mr Wenham. (20 marks)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is touted to be the third leading cause of death in the United States of America. In 2010, it has claimed the lives of 134,676 individuals (CDC 2013). By definition, COPD presents persistent blockage of airflow in the lungs — thus interfering normal breathing. Those afflicted with such condition generally ...

Question 1: Explain the pathophysiologic defect of Cystic Fibrosis.

A mutation of a single gene, on chromosome 7, leads to the disease, cystic fibrosis. The gene is responsible for encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The normal CFTR is a regulator of chloride channels, which can lead to the regulation of chloride and sodium channels on the surface of the cell. The most common mutation leading to an abnormal CFTR is a mutation is delta F508. The disease can have different phenotypic manifestations depending on the extent of the mutation. The differences in chloride transduction leads to abnormal secretions in various organs, such as the lungs leading to ...

Question 1: evidence of substance abuse disorder

According to DSM-IV TR for substance abuse and substance dependence, the patient has to show a maladaptive pattern of substance misuse which leads to clinical distress or impairment. The patient has to show recurrent use of substance which leads to his or her failure to accomplish most responsibilities at home or at work. The patient can also show recurrent use of substance even in physically hazardous circumstances. Despite having consistent interpersonal or social problems that are a result of or are exacerbated by the use of substance, the patient shows continued use of substance. From the above criteria, Steve in the ...