Essays on Charlemagne

In writing an essay or research, background reading is important in order to provide critical opinions and interpretations about a topic. Although the paper is entirely based on the writer’s idea, using secondary sources, or what other writers have already written about the topic is a great way of enriching the paper’s content. This is the reason why in finding a secondary source, it must be ensured that the said sources are reliable and appropriate for the topic being written about. Secondary sources can be books, studies in scientific journals, magazine articles, news reports, and all these ...

First recorded raid by Danes in Anglo-Saxon England-787

Otto crowned emperor in Rome-1962 William the conqueror defeats the last Anglo-Saxon king-1066 Capture of Toledo from Muslims-1085 Death of Basil II, emperor-1025 Terms, people, events Carolingian Renaissance: this refers to the period under which the ancient literature, education, art, and architecture from Italy was intensified across the entire Europe during the reign of Carolingians.

Counties: refers to the land ruled by count or countess in ancient Europe.

Marches: refers to the regions on Italy Feudalism: is the complex network of relationships between landholding and the obligation to provide service to the lord. Fief: refers to the estate that is held by a superior through military conquer. Knight: this refers to the ...

Charles the Great popularly known as Charlemagne, born in 1972, was the son of Bertrada Pepin the Short. Charlemagne was born out of the wedlock and many people though that he was illegitimate. He grew up to become the king of the Franks and between 800 and 814 he was the emperor of the West (Einhard & Notker, 42). His strong believe in religion accelerated him to form the Holy Roman Empire; an empire that grew to be quite different from other ancient empires in Europe and the world over. He additionally strengthened the status of political and European economic ...

Charlemagne, born on the 2nd of April 742 was the first Holy Roman Emperor and the first emperor in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire three hundred years before his coronation. While his date of birth is relatively unknown, it can be calculated from numerous sources and with the help of the Lorsch Abbey calendar . Charles the Great was also said to have been born in eastern Frankland, specifically in a district known as Moingewi (modern day Belguim). He was the oldest son of his father, Pepin the Short and his mother Bertrada of Laon. ...

Einhard attempts to create a sense of sympathy towards Charles, or Charlemagne, because he was a powerless monarch whose responsibilities were exercised by other officials which meant there was not a lot he could do as king and due to the monarch losing his father. Pepin, Chalemagne’s father and who was just as powerless as Charlemagne due to the Mayor of the Palace possessing most of the power, died of dropsy which led to Charles becoming king of his father’s Frankish kingdom and Carloman becoming king of their uncle’s Frankish kingdom (Einhard 2). Charlemagne is presented ...

Art and Architecture: Library Research

Three Examples of Baroque Art England’s King Charles I was a popular model in the early 1600s. Anthony van Dyke painted him “At the Hunt” (1635) in full hunting costume standing confidently, maybe even arrogantly, and ready for action in front of his horse and page. The sculpture of David (of the Bible story Goliath) produced by Gianlorenzo Bernini, a huge sculpture from marble for the Cardinal Scipione Borghese (1623). St. Paul’s Cathedral was rebuilt by Christopher Wren after it had been devastated by a fire in 1675. These forms of art and architecture all have the ...

HUM1500 W3 Discussion Question: What major world events contributed to the founding of Rome? & What was significant about the Roman government that allowed it to flourish?

One of the major events that contributed to the founding of Rome is through a mythological account. In 753, Rome was named after its founder – Romulus, a historical figure that killed his half-god twin Remus . During the time of Romulus, the place has little interruptions. Another major event to the founding of Rome is the creation of the 12-month calendar by King Pompilius, emergence of the republics and empires, embracement of Christianity (specifically, ...

Religious Studies

The Roman Catholic Church gained power and authority in the 6th century with a watchful management that lasted all through the 9th century . However, the invasion of the Barbarian has tore apart the Roman Empire, and also split through entire Europe. These circumstances have boosted the church to attain its greater attitude. Moreover, the whole Western Europe as well as preservation of values of Western Civilization is obliged to its existence to the rise of the Church. However, if it were not meant for the alliance of the churches with the royalty of the barbarian that pave the way ...

Introduction

The book Charles I: A Life of Religion, War and Treason by Christopher Hibbert take a closer look of the life of King Charles. The book is a biography of King Charles from the begging of his life a simple boy to what he came to be know globally and finally to his shame (treason). Christopher uses his creative mind in his book shed some light on how the kind grew from a simple boy who knew nothing and was very weak in character to a strong man who took the nations to a civil war. The books also ...

A beautiful chanson de geste, or literary work celebrating the deeds of a hero, the Song of Roland could be easily dismissed by a casual observer to simply be a lovely poem. Such an observer might class it with the legend of King Arthur; he or she would not be far wrong. Though the Song of Roland is much older than the legend of King Arthur, it has both idealized heroes doing some impossible things such as fighting after they have burst their temples while blowing a horn. Yet this chanson de geste also has important historical significance for ...

1. According to Nietzsche, Christianity’s “slave morality” enabled it to achieve supremacy over ancient paganism. What were the fundamental values of paganism and how was Christianity able to defeat it? In his premier essay “On the Geology of Morals “, Nietzsche lays significant accusations on the nature of Christianity as a bullying religion designed only for the weak, the slaves, and the poor. Critics of this early work affirm that the circumstances under which the essay is constructed lays firm breeding grounds for violence and victimization of other forms of religion or doctrines (Fraser par. 2). Paganism was such ...

As a way of experiencing the Humanities beyond your classroom, computer, and textbook, you are askedto attend a cultural event and report on your experience. Probably the most important museum in the city of Baltimore, the Baltimore Museum of Art exhibits today 90.000 works of art, offering free entrance to all. Among the most interesting collections that are available for the viewers to enjoy is that of European artworks entitled: A Grand Legacy: Five Centuries of European Art. As the collection is fortunately open and not part of the three-year renovation project of the museum, I was able to ...

Introduction

Music has no boundaries and is listened by all sections of society, globally. Whether it is in English, German, French, Hindi, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu, or any other language, music is enjoyed by one and all for its sheer power of attraction. It is not necessary that all audiences like the same kind of music, and it is also not true that all artists are liked by all. Tastes differ, and preferences are many. While some would pledge their hardcore support for the songs sung by Madonna, or a Lady Gaga, they need not necessarily have to agree that they ...

What is the master-slave relation and how, according to Nietzsche does the slave achieve power over the master?

According to Nietzsche, the master-slave relation is determined by master-morality and slave-morality. These notions have its origin in the ruling caste as the subordinates were consciously different from the one that ruled. It is the ruler, the master who decides what is good, and displays contempt towards the weak. It refers to the “warrior caste”. Here, antithesis of “good” and “evil”, “noble” and despicable” is created. Those who are ruled are “distrustful” and deserve to be abused. On the other hand, slave-morality claims that it is a different form of power structure, in which the privileged section fails to ...

Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan (1651) was a key work of political philosophy because for the first time a writer argued that nations and societies work best when there exists a social contract between all members of a society and those that rule them or the individual that rules them. Hobbes was writing just two years after the execution of Charles I of England and Scotland – a king who had tried to rule as an absolute monarch. Charles I had been tried by Parliament and found guilty of treason: a strange charge we might think, because at the time treason involved ...

Religions

Religion was one of the reasons behind change and upheaval in England during the 17th century. Looking back at history keenly, religion was one of the causes of the civil war witnessed in England during the 17th century. This began from the days of godly rule by Oliver Cromwell and ‘the Saints’, straight to the Glorious Revolution witnessed at the end of the 17th century. These years witnessed tensions within English Protestantism leading to a very intense battle for supremacy during the early 17th century. This war did not stop here as it continued through the mid-17th century by ...

WHY WAS JAMES II DEPOSED IN ENGLAND IN JANUARY 1689?

Why was James II deposed in England in January 1689? Religion had played a key role in the development of many nations, and some have met immense criticism and opposition, especially in countries wherein ideology clashes with religious tradition and teachings. In Great Britain, new religions brought into the country had been met with reluctance and even severe opposition, such as Catholicism. Catholicism had met both support and opposition especially in the time of James II in the 17th century. However, while the monarch had embraced Catholicism, his subjects did not and opposed his desire to make Catholicism be ...

According to Grant, the American colonial history was strongly impacted by various events of the English political life (Grant, 2012). The development of the North American colonies depended directly on the political will of the English monarch, but it didn’t stop it from gaining diverse and sometimes very contradictory tendencies. Individuals and families that received permission from the monarch of England were colonizing the New World. The newly formed colonies reflected the social classes of the people who settled there. West divides the colonizers into three main types: joint stock companies that were searching for the new markets ...

Middle ages in the European history lasted from the 5th century to 15th century. The era began during the collapse of the Roman Empire and later merged into Age of Discovery and Renaissance. It is worth noting that middle age refers to the middle era of the western history, which is divided into three. These include the Modern period, the medieval period, as well as the antiquity period. Middle age is a period that is mostly associated with the end of antiquity. Middle age was affected by the migration of people in the 3rd century (Newman, 2001). During these ...

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Introduction

Perhaps no clause in the U.S. constitution has been so misconstrued and debated as the Second Amendment. In fact, even the Supreme Court could not make up their mind as to the true meaning of “A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed”. A decisive interpretation to this clause has been quite elusive. Since its ratification, only a few cases have found its way to the Supreme Court while the court’s decision has not helped clarify the matter more ...

The revolutionary war of colonial America represented, for many, a period of romantic idealism facing the totalitarian regime of the world’s largest empire. The British Empire largely considered American liberty to be a minor colonial dispute until the war opened up on the world stage with the participation of France and Spain. The French aristocrat and military officer Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier De La Fayette, usually referred to simply as Lafayette, remains one of the decisive figures in the struggle for American independence because of his efforts to broaden the scope of the revolution’s ...

Introduction

The notoriety of Roman Catholicism across Europe figured prominently throughout history - best manifested by the rise of the papacy, headed by the pope and traditionally based in Rome, Italy. The papacy, which stood as the main governing body of Roman Catholicism, has since become embroiled in key political issues throughout its leadership. Despite its limited role in recent times, the papacy was once a center of political authority in Europe, with its influence greatly sought by European powers beginning from the time of Roman Emperor Constantine I up to the Reformation. This study seeks to outline how the ...

Q1. The Role of the Temple in Ancient Judaism

A temple is a structure put aside for spiritual and religious activities e.g. sacrifice, prayer or analogous sites. The Jews refer to call their place of worship as temples, shull or synagogues. It is a center of prayer, study and teachings as well as a social center. The temple is and was a household of entreaty. The prayers offered in the shrine were sacred since they interaction with God. It was also a dwelling of Torah and Halakha (legislation), offering of sacrifices, and devotions. Offering of sacrifices was a way of serving God and asking for forgiveness in one ...

Both the Early and High Middle Ages ended with severe crises, such as the very destructive invasions of the Northmen (Vikings) in the 800s and 900s and the Black Death and peasant revolts of the 14th Century. Throughout the Middle Ages, kings and emperors struggled to establish order and stability in the face on constant clashes between various factions of robber barons, bandits, raiders and rival feudal overlords, such as the wars fought by King Louis the Fat for decades in the region around Paris. Feudalism was thus characterized by the lack of a centralized state and the political ...

The collapse of the Roman Empire meant that a new way of life and government had to be established in the Empire’s former territories. The seeds of the new system were born in the as new centers of powers were established on a more local level in a system called Feudalism1. The term Feudalism was not actually used at the time it was in practice, but was “a term invented in the sixteenth century by royal lawyers to describe the decentralized and complex social, political, and economic society out of which the modern state was emerging.”2 Feudalism ...

Eugen Weber clearly believes “Dark Ages” is an accurate term to describe the years 500 and 950 A.D. of Western civilization’s history. His reasoning is extremely simple. These centuries were Dark Ages because, he says, “We don’t know much about it,” and, “it was dark and bloody” (Weber). In spite of his claim that little is known about the period, he presents a great deal of information about the years following the fracturing of the Roman Empire and Charlemagne’s crowning.

Today’s historians have largely replaced Dark Ages with the term Middle Ages. Anthropology Professor Peter ...

Question 1. The main intellectual impact of Italian and Northern Renaissances is in proclamation and development of humanism in every aspect of human life. In this context, works of F. Petrarch contributed to the proclamation of human being as rational and all-sufficient creature, endowed with free will. This concept became the basis of the modern philosophy of human existence. Northern Renaissance contributed to the field by activity of Desiderius Erasmus who had concentrated on human cognition and development of educated generation. Concerning art, Italian Renaissance contributed to the development of accuracy in human and divine symbol’s depicting them ...

Oliver Cromwell lived between 1599 and 1658 and was a primary figure in the republicanisation of England. His family were of gentry, although not of a major nature, and Cromwell studied at the prestigious Cambridge University. His political career began when he joined parliament in 1628 to 1629, representing the constituency of Huntingdon. The 1630s saw Cromwell have an ecclesiastical crisis which resulted in him holding the belief that he would be guided to carry out the work of God. In 1640, he was elected to represent Cambridge in parliament and was, by then, a well-known radical Puritan.

When ...