Essays on Flasks

Introduction

E,coli bacteria is a commonly found within the human colon and it is a rod shaped enteric bacterium that grows in ideal conditions of 370 C. The bacterium can be cultured or grown in liquid or solid culture media within the lab. When grown in the ideal conditions, say LB broth, they tend to take a specific pattern while when grown in large amount of media they tend to take a lag phase where growth is minimal or none at all (Ding, Rahman, Purev & Oh, 2010). In the ideal environment, the bacteria tend to grow exponentially with their ...

Appeal to the Audience

The report talks about the importance of controller tunings in controlling industrial equipment. According to the report, controller valves are important in controlling the flow rat, the amount of input in machinery and also the amount of output of the machine. The importance of the controllers can be seen in controlling a water cooling machine in which case a slow controller would be inappropriate to be used. The importance of a feedback controller on the other hand is the essence that it enables the determination of an error that may occur between a set point and the process value hence determining the output ...

Abstract. Oxidation of ethanol is carried out by the oxidizing agent, potassium dichromate. The oxidizing agent undergoes a color change followed by the completion of the reaction. This change of color is utilized to measure the absorbance of the solution. The concentration of the unknown ethanol sample is calculated by plotting an absorbance vs concentration graph of the standard solutions.

Module and group

Lab class completed - Introduction The aim of the experiment is to determine the concentration of ethanol by calorimetric determination method. The concentration of ethanol is measured following its oxidation with potassium dichromate. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) undergoes reduction, ...

Hydrochloric acid is a clear, pungent solution of hydrogen chloride that has been mixed with water. It is also commonly known as muriatic acid. It is a highly corrosive acid with many industrial uses and can cause burns when it comes to skin contact. It is a highly concentrated acid with a high pH value and thus maximum care must be taken when dealing with it. It can easily cause burns to the skins and eyes if not properly handled. It is, therefore, important to use protective material such as gloves and eye glasses when handling it. Wearing of a lab coat also ...

Caffeine is present in tea leaves and can be readily extracted. This is the producer that was demonstrated in this laboratory experiment. In the laboratory experiment, the teabags were heated to ebullition for five minutes. The ebullition was sequenced by an extraction which applied dichloromethane. All of the washings occurred in a separator funnel. The residual substrate was subsequently evaporated up to the point of where the crude caffeine remained as a residual. Sublimation was applied in order to separate the purified caffeine from the crude caffeine. The mass of the sublimate is was 0.0035g. The percentage yield of the caffeine ...

Introduction

An acid that gives two hydrogen ions for every acid molecule is known as diprotic acid. Examples of such acids are sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), oxalic acid (H2C2O4), chromic acid (H2CrO4) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). Dissociation of a diprotic acid in water takes place in two stages. In the first stage, the diprotic acid dissociates to give one hydrogen ion and a monoprotic form of the acid. H2X(aq) H+(aq) + HX-(aq) The second stage involves the dissociation of the monoprotic form of the acid to give the second hydrogen ion and fully dissociated form of ...

Introduction

Accurate and precise measurements are of uttermost importance to chemists everywhere. A measurement is said to be accurate when it is very close to the accepted value. A precise measurement is one in which repeated measures yields values or figures that are very close to one another. However, not all measuring instruments have an equal ability to give accurate and precise measurements. In any given experiment, the techniques and the equipment used to collect data should essentially be of the same precision. In the course of an experiment, there are bound to be less precise measurements and it these ...

A When water is added to lead chloride, the solute sparingly dissolves with some undisclosed particles settling at the bottom of the beaker. Lead chloride is only sparingly soluble in water. When the dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the saturated solution of lead chloride, a white precipitate is formed. This is because of the common ion effect where the excess chloride ions from HCL cause lead chloride to precipitate. Pb2+ aq + 2Cl-aq PbCl2 s B 0.1M lead nitrate +0.1M sodium oxalate

Ionic Equations:

Pb2+ (aq) +C2O42- (aq) PbC2O4(s) Na+ (aq) + NO3-(a) NaNO3 (aq) Lead ...

The lower parts of St. Johns River is an estuarine river that has salinity rivers fluctuating with changes in tides. The dark coloration of the rivers is due to the extremely high levels of tannins from decaying matter. Turbidity, the dark coloration and other matters prevent the penetration of light deep into the water. As such, the growth of submerged vegetation happens in the shallow regions of the river. The river is fed from tributaries some of which are salty, the Atlantic ocean, tributaries and human wastes from industries and treatment plants for waste water. The lab report presents ...

Introduction

Environment incubator can be defined as a modified biological environment to suit a certain experiment. The environment may be modified to provide certain condition necessary for a particular biological experiment. Microbes as microscopic organisms that can either respire aerobically or anaerobically. For instance, yeast is an anaerobe that respires anaerobically. Yeast enzyme is used in the fermentation process because they convert grape sugar into ethyl alcohol. Yeasts are eukaryotic micro organism which belongs to the kingdom fungi and which respires anaerobically. Yeast will be used in this experiment. The main purpose of this experiment will be to determine the factors that may ...