Essays on John Adams

Introduction

This paper covers the Saratoga campaign of the Revolutionary War. The paper describes the tactics, leaders, battles, as wells the consequences of the battle. Saratoga campaign of the revolutionary war occurred in 1777. It was as a result of the British high command attempting to gain the military control of the Hudson River. The river valley was located in North America. The British were aiming to conquer the Americans and expand their personal interests. For example, gaining economic power and showing other nations the strength of their military. The period was marked by the American Revolutionary War (Corbett 38). ...

ABSTRACT

The Sedition Act of 1798 was signed into law by the Federalist Party when there was fear of war in France and to prevent their rival political party, the Democratic-Republicans, from speaking out against and criticizing the Federalist party, which could result in legal ramifications, including fines and jail time. The Sedition Act was and remains an example of unconstitutional legislature that undermined the spirit of the Constitution and the First Amendment guaranteeing Americans the freedom of speech, expression and press. The Act was hypocritical and defied the principles that the United States was founded upon. It made it ...

In the miniseries, John Adams, political topics are considered in the entire film basing the film on the reign of US President John Adams (McCullough, 2007). Jefferson also contributes to the independence issue in his article on the declaration of independence in the United States. Abraham Lincoln in his speech determined that justice is the base of what our forefathers fought for and in their honour, it should be upheld (Lincoln, 2010). According to Jefferson, the form of justice presented in the American system is entirely dependent on the unalienable rights of human beings, which are given to them ...

. The early history of the United States from the founding of the Republic after the Constitutional Convention to the Civil War was greatly influenced by the changing face of the so-called party system. The main points which all of the parties in the different eras of Early American history before the Civil War concentrated primarily on what the role and size of the federal government should be and how it should work to deal with the major issues of the day. One of the most significant issues surrounding the early federal government related to its place and stance as ...

Thomas Jefferson wrote to John Adams on the topic of society. This letter contains useful insights into the different view that the men have about how they saw the world. The main topic that they discussed was that of the arostoi, a word used to describe the aristocracy. Jefferson described his beliefs clearly, and showed that he felt that there are two different types of aristocracy, both of which have a place in society. Samuel Thomson was also a thinker on society and he wrote down his own views on the way that society works and the different roles ...

One cultural effect of the War of 1812 was that the fact that the United States had remained unscathed with its boundaries intact. This led to a focus on nationalism, and on the expansion of the country westward. A new economic agenda for the young nation was then created, which concentrated on creating market economies in industrial locations, thus allowing for economic growth for many citizens. There was the so-called “Era of Good Feelings” that evolved, providing for the ultimate unification of the country and impetus for its expansion and growth (Berkin, et al, 2014).

Republican Motherhood

The term Republican Motherhood ...

Question 1.

Historian Annette Gordon-Reed states: “I think that you should approach the study of history with a spirit of curiosity. Be open minded about the possibility that the story is much bigger than what has been presented.” Considering the textbook and the discussion board content, choose one topic of American History between 1492 - 1865 on which your thinking has changed to a “bigger” understanding. Generally, all historical themes contribute to the improvement of my open-mindedness and expansion of outlook, but I would like to mark the topic of the American Revolution. Indeed, the American Revolution was a crucial part ...

People active in politics are elite in the sense that they play a larger role than most citizens. But there are also many American elections and so many places where political action can be blocked that no single elite can dominate. Business corporations, for example, are an importance interest group, but they only dominate client politics, and even then their influences can be overcome by entrepreneurial politics.

DO ELITES DOMINATE AMERICAN POLITICS?

Public opinion influences the making of U.S. policies through a number of channels. Elites in American business, education, communications, labor, and religion try to influence presidential decision making through several strategies. In ...

The arrival of the British troops in Boston in the year 1768 was a cause of much unrest between the relations of the Americans and the British. The American soldiers were just as disturbed as the American citizens, who were forced to be kept under control by the British rule. America being a British colony at the time was forced to follow the rules and regulation imposed by the British. The unrest that ensued came from the colonists and the ones who were loyal to the British Parliament. As much as the personal strife between the colonists and the ...

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Father of the United States was born on January 11, 1755, in Nevis, British West Indies. He was an immigrant to America, an outsider, an orphan, scholarship boy and a genius. Hamilton was also a bastard, an illegitimate and was prohibited from attending a Christian school and had no rights of inheritance. At the age of ten Hamilton and his family moved to St. Croix, where hundreds of plantations worked by slaves, produced sugar and coffee for export. James Hamilton abandoned the family and Alexander never got to see his father again. When ...

Revolution can be regarded as an inevitable part of society’s evolution, whereas following the world’s revolutions one may observe a smooth transition of humanity from the early dawn of civilization to modern progressive and technological face of our planet. It’s necessary to point out that each revolution should be analyzed objectively, without disguising it someone’s favor; otherwise the true historical meaning of the even can be lost. The American Revolution started after Britain applied the seven Coercive (in other words Intolerable) Acts to the colonies, including the closing of the Boston port, and a permission ...

Introduction

John Adams has numerous feathers in his cap – a renowned music composer, creative thinker, a music conductor, and several others to his credit. Adams holds a unique place in the American music domain. His compositions, both the opera music as well as the symphony music, are the most notable among the modern classical works. These specific compositions of Adams are special in terms of the depth in their expression, brilliance in terms of sound, and the intensely humanistic feel present within their themes.

Early Life and music

Born and brought up in New England, Adams learnt playing the clarinet from his father and ...

Introduction

The Declaration of United States of America’s Independence was big leap for all of its subordinates as well as that of other nations. Through this declaration of independence, the people of America were able to regain their freedom and live out of the shadow of Great Britain. Even if the process was very long and needed too much time, effort, attention and wisdom, still the thirst for freedom was stronger than any other things. In addition, numerous nations also based their declarations and movements with what America had done. Way back on the 4th of July 1776, American ...

Both Abigail Adams and Judith Sargent Murray were advocates for women’s rights in early America. During this era women were looked at as being inferior to men. This perceived inferiority resulted in a lack of legal rights for women. For example, they could not vote or own property. Women were also not permitted to divorce and had no say in regards to any aspect of the home. This included the raising and education of the children and the right to have any say in regards to their own bodies. Adams and Murray along with others led the Republican ...

The Meaning of Independence:

Introduction: Independence for any nation gives its people rights that support their existence and freedoms in the country. During the times of the 1770s, numerous events took place that changed the entire landscape of the relationship between Americans and their colonists. The British colonists had remained reluctant to take on giving America its independence. The demand for independence came as a surprise to them and had numerous considerations provided by the British including giving in to all other demands that Americans had requested for in exchange for them giving up independence (Morgan, 1976, p.3). At this time, the union ...

The movie clip of John Adams portrayed his want of a free country. He talked about living in a country that was free while he was still alive. He wanted there to be a constitution of rules that uphold the country, and for people to not worry about their representation. “He wanted the Congressional people to understand how strongly he wanted to make the country free” (Fils, 2010). He had to get his point across to the other members of the group, and hopes that they would support him on journey of his request. He did not want any ...

Exam Two

The War of 1812 was a conflict between the Britain and the US. Following the conflict, the US declared war on June 18th, 1812. This war resulted in the Napoleonic Wars that caused the Great Britain to partake on measures that aggravated the United States Ward (Hickey 13). Some reasons for the war include blocking the US from international trade, impressment by the Royal Navy, British violation of maritime rights and the British support of Native American hostility (Hickey 13). Britain lost the war to America. The war of 1812 fostered a great sense of patriotism among the Americans.

Thomas Jefferson

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The American Revolution War (1775-1783), sometimes referred to as the American Revolution or the U.S war of Independence, was a war that was fought between the Kingdom of Great Britain (the colonial government) and its 13 North American colonies. The colonies later declared themselves independent in the year 1776, which eventually resulted in the creation of United States of America (Alden, 3). The brewing tensions between the residents of the colonies and the colonial government that represented the British Crown escalated into a full war. The skirmishes between the colonial residents and the British troops kicked off an armed ...

The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress on the 4th of July 1776 and the signing by the delegates began on the 2nd of August. The Declaration of Independence formally declared that the thirteen American colonies were independent of Great Britain. 56 members signed the Declaration of Independence and Benjamin Franklin was one of them. Benjamin Franklin was not only a member of the Continental Congress that drafted the Declaration of Independence but was an able diplomat who was known for his wit, scientific achievements and kind, unpretentious manners (Benjamin Franklin). Benjamin Franklin was also the ...

William Penn articulates that the church and the state should have a cordial, divine and collaborative relationship in order to help men pursue and live a Godly life. Using the Divine Law (jus natural), William postulates that the church is a facet of the society that is established by man as a God’s agent to help man control his passions and adhere to the divine laws, which are formulated and enacted by the state. In essence, the church and the state should support each and obey God’s provisions as envisioned in the divine laws. In other words, the State and the ...

There is no question that, as the American colonies grew, a number of hardships were faced and subsequently overcome by its European settlers and later colonialists. Three men, John Smith, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams, are often discussed in the context of the new land they encountered, the new government and its guiding principles they either formed or attempted to form, and the new culture that developed from the efforts they applied. All three men, in their own respective manner, were revolutionary in their approach to facing these challenges and displayed unique skills in the art of literary persuasion.

When ...

The Adams Dynasty and their impact on the U.S. The Adams family had two presidents, ambassador, and a member of the state legislature, lawyers. If that’s not impactful, nothing is. Although many of the Adams family were politically and socially involved, not everyone made a difference. The Adams lineage is a large one that impacted the U.S. greatly. Their impact on the history of U.S. is very significant because with two presidents and a politically involved family it’s almost impossible to not have one. The Adams family in America has historical roots from the emigration of Henry Adams, who married ...

‘Subject’

History 2010 - George Washington Few leaders in history have managed to be as successful in the roles of both a military leader and political leader like Washington. George Washington’s leadership both in military and in politics was basically rooted in the same principles – patriotism, energy, courage, temperament and highest moral character. A man of many facets, George Washington was not just a war hero but a person who was able to successfully make the transition from a military leader to a politician and ably lead the newly born nation he brought into being. George Washington was born on Feb. 22, ...

Introduction

The shared history between America and Mexico can be dated back during the Texas Revolution of 1835-1836, and the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848. As a result, several treaties had been signed in culminating differences between the two nations. For example, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Gadsden Purchase comprise some of the agreements made between the two nations. In the 19th century, America claimed Louisiana as part of its territory and was rightfully acquired during the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. These confrontations resulted into conflict as Spain opposed to the America's claim, stipulating that the western boundaries ...

The present world has been developed as a result of a large number of past events and occurrences. All through the past two hundred years, the world has seen a number of wars, disturbances, moments that have created the so called present world. The initial phase for the upbringings saw both a constructive and destructive phase. Thousands of people were killed in all parts of the world while many countries were conquered by the powerful nations. In the same period, some of the countries emerged as the major powers of the world. The most powerful nation that emerged out during that phase that ...

The first American presidents of the newly formed republic of the United States faced some of the first tribulations of the office. These included both political events as well as negative economic incidents. The presidents' roles about policies for American expansionism directly affected their individual policies. In this academic exercise, the background on political, economics, and American expansionism remain the focus for both Adams and Jefferson presented in the following.

John Adams

As a lawyer/politician, John Adams was as an independent thinker with a quick and blunt speaking manner. This often put this political leader, at odds with others while at the same ...

Between the First letters written in 1762, where John Adams penned his flirtatious note ‘Miss Adorable’ to 17 year old Abigail Smith and the 1801 letter by Abigail Adams to wish her husband a safe journey when he headed to Quincy after serving tenure as the 2nd President of United States. Many letters spanned between 40 years of significant correspondence reveal one of the most inspiring and intriguing partnerships of American history. As one of the leaders of the American Revolution and Newly formed republic, John Adams faced critical moments of United States creation from drafting of declaration of Independence ...

Prior the Revolutionary War of between 1775 and 1783, Britain was in control of its American colony, much to the chagrin of the latter. With the colonization came laws of governance imposed on the Americans as a form of dominance by the British forces. With the forced management and the increasing need for independence among the colonized nation, the resulting tense relations were inevitable if not expected. Boston city was no different as its people continued to repel the presence of the Britons in its society. Consequently, on March 5, 1770, a confrontation between people from both sides, in Boston Massachusetts, ...

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Compare/Contrast Essay: Abraham Lincoln vs. Thomas Jefferson

Introduction The faces of Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln are both chiseled into Mount Rushmore as truly great presidents. Historian Arthur Schelsinger conducted two polls in 1948 and 1962 respectively. These polls ranked Abraham Lincoln at the first place in American Presidents. The same polls gave Thomas Jefferson a fifth-place ranking. Another poll conducted in 1982 by the Chicago Tribune revealed the same results (DeGregorio). Both the American presidents are renowned for leaving a legacy that is worthy of Presidents’ Day celebrations. However, they accomplished so in completely different ways (Mukunda). There are several similarities and ...

[Subject/Course] [Submission Date]

Compare/Contrast Essay: Abraham Lincoln vs. Thomas Jefferson

Introduction When American presidents are ranked by historians, the first place is usually given to Abraham Lincoln whereas Thomas Jefferson usually gets his place in the top five. Both of them are renowned for leaving a legacy that is worthy of Presidents’ Day celebrations. However, they accomplished so in completely different ways (Mukunda). Jefferson believed in the foundation of a voluntary republic that encouraged nonviolent secession as a natural right. On the other hand, Lincoln denied the same right due to his belief in the foundation of a permanent empire. This is the reason no one can find a ...

John Adams, the second President of the United States, headed the young country through some of its toughest times. He was the Vice President during George Washington’s administration and followed him as the next President. During his presidency, the government moved to Washington, and John Adams was the first President to live in the White House. Although John Adams made a lot to the formation of the United States, his personality stays in the shadow of the significance of his colleagues (G. Washington, T. Jefferson, J. Madison). Because of his unlikeable character, Adams had only few friends in his ...

A word of encouragement from a respective leader can inspire people to reach their fullest potentials. Likewise, a true leader has no need to lead – he is content to point the right path for his members. Those qualities, in my opinion, are the foremost traits a leader has to achieve in order to obtain a successful and meaningful statute among his people. The basic qualities of a leader are then reflected based on the standards they set for themselves. That is how a leader should respond in every decisions he has to made solely for his fellow countrymen. David McCullough’s book entitled John ...

Introduction

The courts judicial review and constitutional interpretation has been a central rational objection for democracy. The regular judicial invalidation of policies passed by elected officials as a minimum brought up problems of democratic legitimacy. The rational objection, which has been brought up against a background over many years of the United States populist political argument, prompted the active use of the judicial power in constitutional interpretation give way to the decision of legislative and majorities. The courts power in striking down laws considered unconstitutional has been politically controversial throughout American history (Prakash, 2003). The judicial review power has become politically salient and ...

Compare how 2 different authors used the same historical data and the same events in 2 different ways. Describe how accurate each of these author’s works were to the real event and what they had changed.

Introduction:

Both David McCullogh’s ‘John Adams’ and Sherman Edwards Petersburg’s 1776 are works of art which deal with the Founding Fathers and the American War for Independence. Whilst the former is a biography in the grand manner (as we are used to by McCullogh, the latter is a musical which revives the spirit of that important year and is full of interesting and ...

U. S. History This paper seeks to introduce the topic by relying on the Secondary source of the American History. Additionally, the Submission will then highlight some of the essential and crucial facts to appreciate regarding the Declaration of Independence and the American constitution. After setting the background and the context of the topic, this submission will then move to compare and contrast the Declaration of independence with the American Constitution with the Secondary Source of information and lastly give a conclusion based on the contrasts as shall be highlighted in the course of looking at all of the ...

(Name of Student)

John Adams

John Adams is one of the few people who happened to witness the end of the colonial rule in the U.S. He was born in the 1735 and was a direct descendant of Puritan colonists (Liesenfelt, 2012). He studied at Harvard University and he helped draft the Declaration of Independence in 1774 while in the Congress. Adams was the vice president after the declaration of independence. He then later served as the second president. The reason why I have chosen John Adams is that he was involved in the process of a great historical revolution. He also faced ...

Creation of the Republican Institutions, 1776 – 1787

The revolutionaries of the American Revolution did not tire of insisting that their cause was not limited to just attaining independence from Great Britain. Their expectation was the inauguration of a new order for the ages, by demonstrating that a stable and permanent form of government would be that in which people were sovereign and governed themselves without the benefit of the lords of king. Therefore, after the Declaration of independence, the issue of political power arose. This issue had many perspectives which included where power would reside (national government or states), who would be in control of the new republican ...

Introduction

The major thesis of Founding Brothers is brotherhood. In his insightful analysis of the founding of the United States of America, Joseph Ellis explains that George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton and other founding fathers were joined together in their fight for the establishment of the now powerful country in the world. Despite having divergent personalities, these heroes came together to share their philosophies, devotions and thoughts on how best they could establish a one united nation. This paper gives a critical analysis of the struggles of the founding fathers during the ...

Marbury versus Madison was a case in the year 1803. It was a landmark case, which was decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The presiding judge was called John Marshall. This was the case that formed the Judicial Review of the U.S. It helped to separate the judicial and executive branches of the government of America. This case was a consequence of William Marbury petitioning the Supreme Court. Mr. Marbury had been appointed by then President John Adams to be the Justice of Peace in Columbia. President John Adams named a controversial forty-two justices of peace. This was under an ...

It is a testament to the power of propaganda that the events of March 5, 1770 were widely accepted as a massacre which remained the very symbol of British tyranny for 200 years. The skillful manipulation of facts is a hallmark of propaganda, and the men who exploited the circumstances surrounding the killing of five Americans created an atrocity that has resonated throughout American history down to the present day. As the hotbed of revolutionary fervor in the colonies, Boston was perhaps the only place where such propaganda could have taken hold; the only city from which it could have spread so ...

Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury v. Madison is a case that is used as a reference in most jurisprudence due to how it was able to arbitrate on constitutional issues. In the period preceding this case the president, John Adams, had nominated John Marshall for the position of Chief Justice. This was following the resignation of Oliver Ellsworth due to health reasons. The president had initially tried to bring back John Jay who had been Chief Justice before but he declined the appointment by the president citing his old age. Marshall was a staunch federalist and had been serving as the ...

The adoption of the federal-wide constitution has been a landmark in the history of the United States. The constitutional deliberations that gave rise to the adoption of the Constitution of the United States in 1787 had significant implications for various aspects of the Americans, including freedom. The 1780s is widely referred to as the critical period in the history of the U.S. Various factors affecting the citizens at the time necessitated the process. This paper establishes the impact that the Constitution had on the development of American freedom by exploring the factors that led to its drafting, and the representational ...

These letters by John and Abigail Adams describe the important political, philosophical, economic and military issues that were first and foremost in the minds of the American people around the time of independence in 1776. Abigail Adams in particular was concerned about the abolition of slavery, the rights of blacks and women, and better economic and educational opportunities for the poor. Both were strongly opposed to tyranny, despotism and aristocracy, both in Britain and among the gentry and the Loyalists at home, and thought that armed rebellion and a declaration of independence were necessary in this struggle for liberty and ...

The facts relating to Marbury were rather complex. During the elections of the year 1800, the organized Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson consequently defeated John Adams’ Federalist Party as it created a conclusive atmosphere of general political panic due to the overall aspects of lame duck Federalists. Within his final days of presidency, Adams made a number of appointments with a large number of justices for peace within the District of Columbia. Their commissions were eventually approved by the Senate as they were signed by the sitting president and later affixed with the government’s official seal. However, the commissions were ...

Few of the founding fathers generate such polarizing attitudes as John Adams. Viewpoints on him vary widely, as we will see in this paper. We will review two different articles dealing with perspectives on John Adams, mainly during his diplomatic period in Europe during the Revolutionary War. As we will see, some see his moves during this period as a sign of weakness, indeed possibly of serious illness; others see his bold and perhaps precarious actions as a necessary brinksmanship that shaped the course of the American Revolution and world events. In “John Adams’ Health Reconsidered” by Ferling and Braverman ( ...

Report on Jeff Shaara’s Rise to Rebellion

This novel describes the events in North America and Britain in 1770-76 that led up to the Revolution and the Declaration of Independence. Its plot is divided into three sections (The Right and the Power, Lions and Lambs, and The Flag Unfurled), beginning on the day of the Boston Massacre in March 1770, and continuing with the Boston Tea Party, the Intolerable Acts of 1774, the battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775 and the meeting of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia to debate the pros and cons of independence. All of the major historical characters are portrayed in ...

In his youthful days, Sam Adams had an immense influence over the Bostonians (especially during the 1760s and the 1770s). To his credit, Sam Adams led the Bostonians in opposing the British rule. He was at the forefront fighting for the colonies to be freed from the British dominance. This fight was not in vain because soon the states would come together to fight a common enemy: the British rulers. The events in Boston prepared the way for United States to gain self-independence. To a great extent, Sam Adams participated in fighting for the rights of the people due to his ...

History of America

America was discovered in 1492 by the Spanish. Since then Americans have faced many difficulties. America arose to a position, at which it is today, by a lot of hard work and determination of most of its leaders. American history is enriched with a series of events taking place at different times. In the late 1700s to the mid 1800s its leaders such as Jefferson, Madison, Adams, and so on worked towards developing America and making it a better state. Following are some of the events which took place during this time period.

Federalists were against Jefferson. As quoted by Jefferson, “I own ...

Thomas Jefferson

After drafting the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America, Thomas Jefferson went on to become the first secretary of the state, the second vice president and the third president. Born on April 2nd 1743 he died on the 4th of July in 1826; perhaps a poignant day for the man who was known as America’s most distinguished “apostle of liberty.” He is associated with concepts, philosophies and institutions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the complete separation of church and state, and the University of Virginia. Jefferson, and the conflicting truths of his fiercely eloquent philosophical statements ...

One person can make a difference. The contributions of President John Adams in the economic history of America have had a positive impact to the country. In his early life, he was a brilliant, blunt speaking man with an independent mind. The fervent patriot and intellectual began to take part in politics at an early age. Adams was the eldest among three sons who took responsibility at an early age. Born on October 30, 1735 in Massachusetts which is currently referred to as Quincy, he was much engrossed in the ways of his father who had many impacts in his life. He ...

John Adams (born in February 15, 1947) is a leading composer in what is simply referred to as minimalist opera. This is a style that developed as a result of modernism of the early twentieth century. The Pulitzer prize winning American composer strongly believes in minimalism. Some of his works are; Short Ride in a Fast Machine(1986), Shaker Loops (1978), On The Transmigration of Souls (2002) and commemorating victims of September 11 attacks. His operas include Nixon in China (1987) and Doctor Atomic (2005) As a child growing up in New Hampshire Adams developed early liking for American political life. He attended ...

LIFE AND WORK OF ABIGAIL ADAMS BASED ON TWO BIOGRAPHY BOOKS: "ABIGAIL ADAMS - WITNESS TO REVOLUTION" AND "MY DEAREST FRIEND".

Abigail Adams was one of the most intriguing historical figures in American history - the wife of John Adams, the second President of the United States, she was witness to the founding of the country itself, as well as the beginnings of its government. Despite being a woman in a new country in the 18th century, she held a remarkable amount of political power, as well as an incredible influence on her husband, John Adams. She is most well known for her correspondence with him during the Continental Congress - their debates on politics and government remain a fantastic eyewitness account of the ...

John Adams the first American Vice president and subsequently the second president was born on October 30th, 1735 to John Adams senior a farmer and local officeholder and Susana Adams (Gross 5). The first born of three children, his father wanted him to be a minister but thereafter he decided to studied law which he did in Harvard graduating in 1755. Three years later he was acknowledged to practice law from there Adams developed a custom of describing events in written form and men impressions that were found randomly in his diary. He applied the talent exceptionally as a lawyer often recording cases ...