Essays on Drug Treatment

Abstract

After conducting analysis of the literature, it is possible to provide the following classification of the managerial and medical approaches towards the drug and alcohol treatment of aboriginal women: drug treatment, development of the personal skills among the target population as well as practical implementation of the therapeutic strategies, which are mainly based on the cultural and social contexts of such women. There is a considerable difference in terms of availability of such services for the Aboriginal populations and non-Aboriginal populations. For instance, those women, who are not referred as representatives of indigenous population, have an access to the ...

Numerous programs prevent or suppress delinquent behavior in the country. These programs rely on some of the factors that cause delinquent behavior such as the use of narcotics and the involvement in gang-related activities. The Juvenile Drug Treatment Court is one of these programs that identifies and treats high-risk offenders who have shown involvement in drugs. Kathryn et. al (631) posits that the use of drugs such as alcohol, cigarettes, and other substances is a leading cause of delinquent behavior in the United States. The program's ability to identify and treat the offenders and juveniles on probation reduces the ...

Depression among Young Individuals: Qualitative Data Analysis

Research Aim The current research aims at exploring the outcomes of depression among individuals. While this condition is well-known for a broad range of specialists and the public, it is very often misunderstood, misinterpreted, and individuals suffering from depression may be neglected due to the dissemination of this problem. At the same time, it is a well-known fact that the outcomes of depression can be severe. Numerous studies reported that depression may lead to minor issues, like low mood and irritability; yet, the untreated condition can cause sleep deprivation, heart attacks, social anxiety, and even suicide (Chase et al., ...

“Poor single mother on welfare tell me how you did it?” rings the famous lyric of the late Rapper-Activist Tupac Amaru Shakur. The son of a former Black Panther, this ode to his mother provides a glimpse into the conundrum of surviving in the wake of being poor and black on public assistance. What Shakur unknowingly reveals is the image of welfare in a more empathetic and realistic way that illuminates instead of ignoring the lived realities of its recipients. While Shakur’s lyric is compassionate in it’s depiction, conservative lawmakers are less considerate in their elucidation of ...

Introduction

Aims of pre-clinical studies Main stages in clinical drug development and challenges from Phase I to Phase IV Conclusion - Minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol. Introduction

This document contains information related to aims of pre-clinical studies. A brief outline of the main stages in clinical drug development and challenges emerging from it will also be addressed. This would be done by highlighting developments occurring from phases I through IV. An exploration into the minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol will also be embraced. Aims of pre-clinical studies

Pre-clinical trials ...

Drug courts play a vital role in the criminal justice system. The war against drug, which had started some decades back, is one of the causes of the ballooning of prison population in the US. Today, the US has the most populated prison system in the world (Hale et al 2013, p. 517). Drug courts can whittle down prison population and cut down recidivism rates. They add a facet to the criminal justice system – one that does not only judge and incarcerate, but help in restoring a person as a good member of society. The help that drug courts offer, thus, includes ...

Question 1

Biosocial criminology cannot lead to oppressive and inhumane crime-control policies since it combines information across various fields of study in order to create cohesive perspective to study the relationship of crime and criminals (Beaver and Walsh, 2011). This means that by studying how the genetic influences play a major role in the formation of the anti-social behavior, can lead to effective crime control policies to deter crimes in the future. Several behavioral genetic studies of antisocial behaviours have shown how the study of mild forms of aggression can lead to deviant forms of criminal behavior of a person. It is the ...

Glade Bender JL, Lee A, Reid JM, Baruchel S, Roberts T, Voss SD, Wu B, Ahern CH, Ingle AM, Harris P, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of pazopanib in children with soft tissue sarcoma and other refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Aug 20;31(24):3034-43.

This study describes a phase I clinical trial of “Pazopanib” in pediatric patients suffering from soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Pazonapib is an anti-angiogenic drug. It is a competitive inhibitor of ATP molecule1,2. It competes with the ‘substrate’ ...

Introduction

This paper explains how the courts in California are organized, particularly the Superior Courts system, and describes the method of determining a defendant’s bail, as well as considering the fairness of that method.

Description of the Superior Court System

The California Supreme Court is the highest court, supported by appeal courts and by a system of superior courts in each county, which have jurisdiction over both civil and criminal cases. In 2001, all 58 California counties merged their municipal and superior courts into a unified superior court per county. Overall, there are 400 superior courts locations, overseen by almost 1,500 judges. The superior courts also hear ...

(Course/Major) (School/University)

Incarceration or Intervention: Costs and Benefits

In the work of leading global research organizations RTI International, by sending substance abusers to community-based programs rather than hauling these people to jail, the United States criminal justice system stands to save billions of dollars, in a study of the RTI International and Temple University. In the study of the groups, almost one half of the prisoners in the Federal and state prison system are incarcerated for drug abuse or substance addicts. However, even with the high rate of drug and substance abusers in the prison, it is estimated that only one out of ten get ...

Introduction

Time has seen radical changes in the court system. Earlier it was all about conviction for a given crime. Victims of addiction were just apprehended, put behind bars where it would do worse to them as they would silently suffer withdrawal (Chrobo, 348). However, this model that describes sovereign power has changed and paved way for disciplinary power, a model characterized by set procedures and curriculum under strict disciplinary measures. The Drug Treatment Courts are one such example. Drug treatment courts are mandated to deal with persons convicted of non-violent crimes in which the eventuality would be a custodial sentence (Foucalt, ...

This paper considers the links between drug addiction and crime rates. As described by Gottfredson et al. (2008), they are “two of the most intractable social problems facing the United States.” Extensive research into the relationship between drugs and crime has produced three explanations. The first is that the use of drugs leads to criminal activity. The second is the reverse of that; i.e. that crimes lead to people using drugs. The third explanation offered is that the relationship between drugs and crime has a series of common causes. The objective of this research paper is to establish that drugs ...

The increase in drug related cases calls for strict rehabilitation measures for offenders. The United States judiciary and other countries around the world developed the Drug Courts as a means of providing the necessary help for these offenders. As with all other rehabilitation measures, Drug Courts have failures and successes. In some cases, the Drug Courts are effective as they help to reduce recidivism, yet there are other instances where drug offenders constantly repeat their offences and leave critics to point to the system as a failure. The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the Drug Court system ...

The problem of prosecution and punishment of those women who abuse drugs during pregnancy causes a variety of controversies relating to the legality of such measures, as well to the question of its effectiveness. Advocates who support the idea that those pregnant women who abuse drugs must be prosecuted and punished state that this is the only effective way to fight the problem and deter other women from the use of illegal drugs during pregnancy. Opponents, on the other hand, express the opinion that the retribution measures have the sole purpose of punishment rather than fighting the problem. They support ...

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease and the number of cases is increasing worldwide among the public. Each year worldwide, over More than 12 million people are diagnosed with TB and over 4000,000 people die due to the disease. The large population and poor standards of living can have a major impact on TB epidemics. Can there be a new alternative to traditional use of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis? Most of the drugs approved by the FDA have no lasting effect on patients with tuberculosis, since the strains of bacteria have acquired resistance leading to a state of Multi-drug resistance. An ...

In some states, it has been discussed that all recipients of public funds be drug tested before money can be received. In some instances, this act of drug testing would be for individuals receiving food stamps, cash welfare benefits, and unemployment compensation. In other states, it is only people receiving benefits under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) that would be affected. There are people who support both sides of these issues. There have been correlations found between drug use and welfare dependency . For some, drug testing should be done since people are receiving funds from tax dollars. These ...

INTRODUCTION

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that can result in acute inflammatory skin changes (chagomas) and may eventually cause infection and inflammation of many other body tissues. It was first found in Brazil in the year 1909. It is however mainly found in rural parts of Mexico, Central America or South America. The parasites enter the mammalian host through the bug bite, or breaks in the skin, replicate in mammalian cells, and eventually reach other organs through the blood. The disease is also found to be spread from mother to child (congenital). Chagas ...

Based on the Monthly Statistical Report for July 2013 for the Fiscal Year 2013, the Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) Population Trend Summary which includes the ADOC Jurisdictional Population as of July 2013 is 32,341 (Thomas, Alabama Department of Corrections). The ADOC Custody Population as of July 2013 is 26,618. The ADOC In-house population as of July 2013 is 25,231. On the other hand, the ADOC in-house population trend summary that is composed of close security facilities for the month of July 2013 is 8,152. While the medium security facilities is 12,543 for the ...

Keeping Prison Drug Treatment an Option

Keeping Prison Drug Treatment an Option

Introduction

Understanding the social benefits of keeping prison drug treatment an option as part of prisoner rehabilitation engages increasing support in the ongoing debate about its efficacy. According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) of the 211,150 total prison population, over 50 percent have drug related convictions (2013). From 1990 and well into the first decade of the 21st century, America's controversial "war on drugs" contributes to the continued overcrowding in the nation's prisons (VanderWaal, Taxman, & Gurka-Ndanyi, 2008, p. 127). According to van Wormer and Persson (2010), " A large percentage of inmates ...

Reducing Drug Induced Deaths

During the year 2005, approximately 22m Americans were experiencing alcohol or drug related problem. Around 99% of people who abused substances or drugs were not aware of the problem they were experiencing. 273, 000 people out of those who identified their problem unsuccessfully sought treatment of their identified problems. The problems suffered included domestic violence, homicide, suicide and motor vehicle accidents/ crashes. These incidences emphasize the importance of enhancing measures to prevent and treat substance/ drug abuse and their related disorders. Such measures will improve the safety, health and life quality of the victims. This paper explores the 2020 ...

Introduction

Substance abuse among pregnant women is a problem that is still a health issue. Estimated figures show that roughly 4% of all births in the U.S happen in women who abuse prescription or illicit drugs which include barbiturates, opoid pain relievers, benzodiazepines and stimulants during pregnancy. In addition to abusing prescription and illicit drugs, women also use tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy. Of course this has effects. According to Economidoy et al (163), maternal drug abuse can have an effect on pregnancy outcomes as well as childhood development and health. Children who are born to women who used such substances during ...

Introduction

What Postpartum Depression Is Postpartum depression is different for everyone and although it has some of the characteristics of other types of disorders – such as anxiety, posttraumatic stress, bipolar, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, it often appears different from these disorders (Rosenberg & Windell, 2009). It is characterized by women feeling like they’re enveloped in darkness for months after childbirth or even during pregnancy. Women who suffer from this disorder lose their sense of self as a new mother and a woman. They have terrible thoughts about their baby and are afraid to talk about these. Moreover, they think that having a baby ...

Of the over 218000 inmates in prisons across the United States, almost half are in for drug-related offences according to McLaughlin (2012). The state of California has some of the strictest laws on drug offenses; though the laws have succeeded in taking the offenders off the streets, it has led to overcrowding in prison facilities. Drug offenses recognized in California include; possession, sale, trafficking and production. Most of the facilities across the state have not been able to handle this increase in prisoners due to their low capacity levels. This threatens the lives of prison guards and prisoners in ...

Brief Strategic Family Therapy and Multidimensional Family Therapy

Peter is 15 year-old teenager who lives with his parents. His father is a mechanic whilst his mother does casual jobs. His father is a chronic alcoholic. Peter started drinking when he was 12. Most of his associates also drink. Peter has been arrested twice for stealing cash from groceries shops. Both times he had been taken to the court and ordered to do community service. He has never been sent to jail although he is under supervision by the juvenile system. He has been suspended from school severally and his grades are below average. He is being treated at the ...

As a society moves in the direction of neoliberalism, its punishment becomes harsher

Globalization in a country such as America has resulted to harsher penalties in punishment (Cavadino and Dignan, 2006). For instance, the death penalty is the most used form of capital punishment in the United States. Since globalization has resulted to the faster movement of information across borders, information concerning forms of punishment to be used among various nations has been readily accessible. Countries that are adopting correctional and penal policies similar to the ones in America have experienced an increase in imprisonment rates.

Prison populations have increased over the decades. Small crimes are being treated as severe crimes. In America, ...

United States has faced a challenge of substance abuse and dependence, which has being evidenced in more than twenty million individual cases (Inciardi, & McElrath, 2009). Of this population, one-third is women. Men and women depict differences in addiction based on the pathways and precursors to addition, as well as the process of addiction. Substance abuse leads to loss of life. Scientific studies on women and drugs indicate that substance-abusing women are vulnerable and highly marginalized population. They are identified in terms of mental illness, homelessness, poverty, and intimate partner violence (Inciardi, & McElrath, 2009). As such, the most effective ...

The New Heroin Epidemic

According to Gilderman (2012) the United States experienced their largest heroin epidemic from 1967 to 1971; the second largest epidemic lasted from 1976 to 1981 (para. 9). So generally when people hear about a heroin epidemic they immediately think back to the 60s and 70s. There seems to be no recognition that there could be an ongoing epidemic of heroin use right now in the United States. Not only that, the epidemic is global including large areas of sub-Saharan African countries as well as in other locations around the world.

The question considered in this essay is: Does a new heroin ...

1.0 Introduction Imprisonment is defined as a means of punishing wrong doers through their exclusion from society for a given period of time. The period of time is determined by the nature of the crime. The aims of imprisonment are as follows: to express society’s disapproval for the act committed by the prisoner, to atone for the crime perpetrated and to offer the offender an opportunity to come to the realization of the real impact of their act. Imprisonment ensures that the offender does not get an opportunity to further harm the society by repeating the crime. The time ...

Childhood psychiatric disorders have become an issue of grave concern, especially in the US. Up till the late 1950s, behavioral problems among children were reported or diagnosed to limited extent and even when they were diagnosed, children were almost never placed on psychiatric medication. However, in the 1960s, doctors began to consider it reasonable to prescribe psycho stimulants such as Ritalin/methylphenidate for ameliorate symptoms with minimal levels brain dysfunction . By 1999, nearly 6% of school age population in the US was diagnosed with ADHD, with 90% of the patients being treated with Ritalin . Today, these symptoms are identified as ...

Prevention of crimes and their control are two main missions of the criminal justice system. Today a lot of surveys show that the majority of American citizens believe in power of correctional rehabilitation. Moreover, they are convinced that treatment of criminals should be an inevitable and the most crucial part of the correctional system. At present time correctional system encompasses a variety of rehabilitation approaches, including work training, education, counseling and drug treatment. All of these methods are intended to help offenders to deal with their problems, reach harmony and psychological peace. In terms of this paper we will discuss ...

Drugs such as marijuana and cocaine and amphetamines and heroin together with drug-addiction are correlated to crime in a number of ways. Being a criminal offence to use, to be in possession, to produce, or to dispense these drugs, they are categorized as prohibited. The upshots of usage of drugs, including aggression, including robbery to obtain funds to acquire drugs, including aggression against competitor traffickers, affect the society every day and are criminal effects. A number of treatment alternatives are on hand to tackle inmates' requirements and conditions in the correctional system. Drug treatment programs in correctional centres most often than ...