Essays on Mao Zedong

“IDOL” 1979

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57x30x15 Collection of the artist Exhibited: Asia Society Hong Kong (May 15 – September 1, 2013). “Blooming in the Shadows” China Institute Gallery New York (September 15 – December 11, 2011). “Wang Keping, Works from 1979-2006” organized by He Xiangning Art Museum, Shenzhen, China (Oct 25th until Nov 23rd, 2008). National Art Gallery, Beijing (August, 1980) “The Stars Outdoor Art Exhibition” Beijing (27 September, 1979) Born in Beijing, China in 1949, Wang Keping became one among the most influential modern-day Chinese. He has been a provocative artist during the late 1970s and the 1980s, as he called for protests that ...

The Founding of Communism

Communism started during the 1840s, the period when different ideologies arose in Germany. It was founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who respectively excelled in their fields; politics and sociology (History World). The combination of these two individuals became so influential that their ideologies stood out among the several philosophies and ideas during that period. With Marx’s theories, and Engels’ experience in the materialistic world, they gave life to a new economic and political idealism, which received a hostile welcoming from the feudalist society (Ollman). This is because, the feudalist society was dominated by the bourgeoisie, whose ...

A: Profile of CCP Leader

Li Keqiang assumed the position of Premier of the State Council of China during the 18th Congress of the Communist Party (CCP) in 2012. He is expected to feature prominently in the 19th CCP, scheduled for 2017. Many reports indicate that Xi Jinping has consolidated his power over the CCP Politburo and will hold on to power for two more terms totaling 15 years at the top. Due to this, it is apparent that Li Keqiang could either work as the Chinese Premier for a long time to come or he might become the focus of a major power ...

Introduction

For huge countries like China, leadership is essential due to the tendency of a country to break into factions when there are no directions given to them. If a huge population is allowed to act without a leader and on desires alone, then many contrasting ideas would not be settled, causing divides and the downfall of a nation. Worse, people may even go against each other to establish a position in the society. A leader, in situations like this, acts as the bond that pulls everything together while leading them to a brighter future. In the case of China, ...

Issues in East Asian Studies

Deng Xiaoping is the Chinese revolutionary and politician, unofficially – he is the head of the country. This man became known throughout the world due to his political and economic ideas. He played a very important role in the development of the country. Since the late 1970s and the early 1990s, he proclaimed the policy of economic reform and the building of socialism with the "Chinese characteristics." During his campaign, the Celestial Empire became a strong and developed state. He put forward the idea of ​​China and Taiwan's unification on the principle of "one country – two systems". In the world, ...

In spite of the fact that the progressive projects/developments brought about noteworthy hardships — on the rustic populace (the Great Leap Forward, 1958-61) or the savvy people (the Cultural Revolution, 1966-76) — they both delivered solid accomplishments in the wide open that prompted amazing increases in horticultural generation and in individuals' lives. Conversely, the post-Mao time "changes" have come about so far in an enormous development of disparity in China, with the country populace enduring significantly by the destroying of open backing for wellbeing and training. What's more, neighborhood and territorial authorities have sold farmland for improvement purposes, more often than ...

The economy of China occupies the first place in the economies in the world by the nominal GDP, the first by GDP at the purchasing power parity (from 2014). The paper deals with the aim to consider the Chinese modernizing process and economy and to identify the main stages of evolution of the ideas of modernization. This research topic is very interesting, firstly, because of the rapid and successful development of China on the world stage (Songhua). Economic modernization process, acting as the main force of the growing in the sphere of economy and progress of the state is ...

The Ming dynasty in the 1600s made considerable and deliberate efforts in a bid to ensure that its regions remain under one ruler. A Buddhist monk who was also a peasant found the dynasty, rose to the rank of an army general and led a rebellion against the Mongols. The monk assumed the name of Hong Wu and made the decision to have Nanjing as the capital of China, but a latter emperor of the dynasty moved the capital back to Beijing. One of the major roles that Hong Wu assumed as the emperor include reorganizing every aspect of ...

Introduction – The Media:

The mainstream media had been used as a tool for propaganda for centuries, the ruler and governments over a period of time, have been using the media in different forms to primarily communicate the messages, with the intention to influence and control the masses. In an era of technological advancement, a digitized world has taken shape, the influence of media in different shapes and forms has increased significantly, and the advent and phenomenal success of the social media channels, the influence of public behaviour has become more controlled since, swaying public opinion is being utilized by people in control ...

Although China is known to be the home of the world's ancient and most continuous culture, it has experienced many institutional changes since the Communist regime came into power in 1949. In China, foundation of hierarchy and family, social set up was based on relational norms that were expounded by Confucius and Tang Dynasty's legal codes. Such an institutionalized relational kind of logic has shaped the society whereby the order is based on the social obligation to the authorities and family as opposed to the protection of individuals. The country’s history has been marked by two intertwined social ...

Deng Xiaoping on the Anti-rightist Campaign of 1957

As the secretary general of the CCP in 1957, Deng Xiaoping supported the advocacy of Mao Zedong towards the Anti-Rightist Movement. It was through Deng’s leadership that anti-rightist movements were implemented (Deng, 408). In his report as the secretary general, he pointed out that the emergence of the difficulties within the Party was rooted from social and ideological causes: a) First, a large number of the Party members do not belong from the working class; b) there was the rapid growth of the Party, but quality was neglected which resulted from the ideological and political acts to lag ...

Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) (1893-1976) was a principal Chinese Marxist theorist and the statesman who led the Chinese communist revolution. Since 1935 and until his death, he was the leader of the CCP (Chinese Communist Party). From 1949 to 1959 Mao was the chairman of the People’s Republic of China (Stuart Reynolds Schram). His way to the highest social position in the country was long, complicated and dangerous. Mao Zedong was born in the village of Shaoshan. His father was a former peasant who earned on living with farming and grain dealing. The origin of one of the ...

Abstract

This paper describes in detail the explanation about mass murders, the definition of mass murders and the reasons why mass murders are committed. The paper also discusses why people are prone to mass murders and what major causes that trigger mass killing. It describes in detail the relationship between ethnic, religious, social and political reasons that relate with mass murders and why people are forced into killing others. There are also references in the paper taken from mass murders of the past, exemplifying the major mass murderers penned down in history, and it also mentions the recent trends in ...

Mao Zedong was a pivotal figure in the history of China during the twentieth century. His life and experience provide a window into an understanding of the Chinese experience from the 1920s onwards. There are a number of evident themes in the piece that sheds light on the kind of life that the Chinese people were entangled in. The theme that catches my attention is that of spreading political propaganda. According to the article, if a lot of law schools and political science schools were opened, they would have brought the basic education to the people even to those ...

In 1914, the world witnessed a ripple effect of war declarations as existing treaties compelled governments to defend nations with which they were allied. At the origins of the skirmishes, the assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austria-Hungary Monarch, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, by a Serbian nationalist pitched the two countries against each other (Foner GML, 733). In other words, Austria-Hungary made the first war declaration, against Serbia. Now, the individual States had existing agreements with other powers and as a result, more nations joined the skirmishes as part of either the Allies or the Central Powers ...

Abstract

China could have remained peaceful were it not for a group of revolutionaries who are located in the southern China. This group led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty in 1911. Their purpose was to end the imperial system that existed in China by establishing the Republic of China. The two Opium wars which were focused on the Western powers incurred a great loss to China. It was due to these wars that China lost Hong Kong. This played a key role to the 1949 revolution. This paper discusses elements of the Communists’ view of the revolution, identity ...

The recent years have witnessed many changes in the global geopolitical and economic scene. Regional economic blocks and political unions have reorganized the sphere of global relations. Japan and China, for instance, have emerged as major economic giants in the northeast Asia. The last decade has seen tremendous economic growth among the northeastern Asia countries. The focus of this paper is to analyze the Chinese history, culture and economy in relation to that of American. The civil unrests of the 19th and 20th century resulted in a great setback in the development of China. For centuries, China has been ...

Introduction

The formation of the People’s Republic of China by Mao Zedong and his CCP party heralded a new phase of the revolution that started in the early 1950's up to the time Chairman Mao stepped down from as the leader of CCP. The main feature that characterized the revolution was that the rural sector had been placed under collectivization and its ultimate de-collectivization for agricultural production. China experienced two fundamental reforms concerning land in the half period of the twentieth century, where each part of the agrarian reform had two phases in them. The first stage of the ...

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In 1966, Mao Zedong wanted to show his authority over the government in China and he launched what was called the Cultural Revolution (History.com). At this point in China’s history, Mao believed that the nation was being led into a wrong direction. Like many communist leaders across the world, Mao enthused the youth of China to come together to remove the bad elements of society. This kind of rhetoric and ideology revitalized the revolutionary spirit in Chinese youth which had led ...

Every president has his or her doctrine towards the solution of international problems. It happens for the reason because every country does not exist alone in the world and has to deal with the issues of the other countries that surround her. The United States of America is not an exception. Every president is trying to participate in the solution of problems on the international arena. President Nixon (1969-1974) has his own understanding of the international politics: “Supply weapons but not troops to countries fighting off communism”. President Nixon was fighting against communism. His well-known speech states: “The major ...

Proposed the presence of a steady clash between proprietors of the method for creation and those men and ladies who were subordinate upon the specific first class for wages and advantages, Karl Marx and Frederick Engles were the ones who are responsible for contributing that perspective in our world history. Different scholars have different opinions and ideas about the proper evaluation of world history before or after the change in the production process because of the Industrial Revolution. At issue in this is a rundown of the perspectives given by Marx and Engels, an examination of that view to ...

Environmental Worldview

It all began in 1971 after President Nixon lowered trade restrictions between China and U.S. This led to dramatic events, which helped end more than decades of Sino-American hostility. It occurred when President Nixon met the ailing Chinese dictator, Mao Zedong, with the aim of improving the Sino-American relationship. This was due to Nixon’s belief on the importance of maintaining a strategic equilibrium among the super powers, which led to the development of a foreign policy that established a stable triangular balance of power (Norton et al, 2012).

This led to reduced military actions that could spark emotions among the ...

Hungry Ghosts: Mao’s Secret Famine. By Jasper Becker. New York: Holt Paperbacks, 1998. 416 pp.

Introduction: Hungry Ghosts is an intense book. Even though recent articles and books have disclosed that it was the Great Leap Forward that caused the famine that engulfed China, however, Jasper Becker clarifies the entire destruction of the time through his alluring interviews and graphic stories. Becker places the blame for the horrors directly and uncompromising on Mao Zedong’s shoulders. After all, these events took place during Mao’s watch. However, Becker does not stop there; he proceeds to argue that ...

Question 1: Rivalries

Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping were all leaders in the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Prior to 1949 everyone generally followed Mao’s lead in setting policy. But Liu and Deng began to resist Mao’s ideas and power following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Whereas Mao believed that the CCP and government should remain focused on revolutionary agitation, public mobilization, collectivization and leadership appeal to advance the country; Liu and Deng believed that the country’s focus should be less on the personality of the leaders and revolution and ...

Music in Silent Films

According to Kassabian, music in films has three main functions: first - that it is used for identification, then for setting the mood, and finally as a form of commentary for the film (53-56). Oftentimes, the type of music used for identification is quite different from the music that is used for setting the mood and making a commentary. In silent films, music is used mostly to set the mood, and to provide unity when there is disconnect between the visual and the auditory when watching a film. The music is the only thing that the viewers hear because the director or ...

Introduction

The Chinese Revolution which took place in the 20th century was as a result of intertwined socio-economic and political factors in China. The Chinese economy was predominantly composed of agriculture and the revenue load imposed on the peasants resulted in their outcry (Lieberthal et al. 12). The status quo was pronounced at that time and the Chinese politics were disorganized. Foreign powers had resulted in the division of china into spheres based on influence. They were only interested in their own agendas and sabotaged the genuine needs of the Chinese people. China’s war with Japan has also seen the ...

3. Can authoritarian rule be legitimate? Why or why not? Should all people be under democracy? What are the possible benefits and potential dangers that result from promoting this goal? Authoritarian is a government characterized by constrain to political organizations and constrains to anti-regime demonstrations by the public. The concept of political legitimacy lies within the framework of Political Science. Political legitimacy is an indistinct term since some theorist claim that legitimacy is a process of superior framework while others argue that a legitimate system must have defenses such as liberty, equality, equity, and collective bargaining for all people. The ...

Propaganda in China by the ruling party, Communist Party of China (CCP) can be traced back to the talk held in 1942 by Mao Zedong, in the Rectification Movement. The talk was the beginning of a new political era as the party adopted a propaganda ideology which would become their key campaign mechanism. The propaganda mechanism, which was borrowed from the Nazi and the soviet among other totalitarian states, became the party’s major control system (Min, 2003). The CCP party in accommodating the propaganda ideology employed various thought techniques which included construction of role models, mass mobilization initiatives, creating ideology ...

Although 11 years of the Cultural Revolution is usually defined as a holistic period, it is better to view it as consisting of two parts. The movement began with a sudden and strong explosion of radicalism of the Red Guards, angry workers and ambitious petty officials. This massive mobilization of the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, successfully helped Mao to unseat his rivals. The second period of the Cultural Revolution lasted from 1968 to 1976 and established a new order through the negotiations and the use of force, as well as controlling the rebel groups. The revolution was followed by repression, ...

China vs. Taiwan

One of the longest going conflicts of the 20th century is the one between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of Taiwan (ROC). Taiwan was once a province of China. In 1863, the Qing Dynasty took control of Taiwan eventually making it, its own province in 1885 (Spence, 1999). After falling to the Japanese during the First Sino-Japanese War, it returned to Chinese control, under the authority of the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) in 1945. Today, while Taiwan may seem to be a fully functioning nation-state; it is officially, still considered by both the Chinese Communist Party ( ...

- Introduction The Korean Peninsula can be considered as a region that can rival China and Japan in terms of its culture, tradition and history. Its geographic location makes it an ideal place for commerce and a clear access to the Chinese and Russian regions. However, the once powerful and united region had been tormented by constant conflict and strife that had successfully divided the Peninsula into two separate states in the Second World War. Studies have emphasized that there is more to the war that meets the eye and as the war continues to ravage the Peninsula, it is ...

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Essence of ‘To Live’ Historical accuracy and sensitivity is one of the most important aspects that weigh heavily on the film To Live (1994), which is directed by Zhang Yimou. From a viewer’s point of view, the film is an interesting event-raveling depiction of what occurred half a century or so ago in China. This put the sequence of events into an epoch when the country was under what can be said to be a transformation characterized by a series of both political and social changes. By then, China was run by the political regime headed by Mao Zedong and this ...

Acupuncture is considered one of the ancient traditional Chinese medical practices, whose age cannot be precisely defined, but is generally believed to be approximately 2000 years. As medical experts of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services define it, acupuncture is a technique that involves stimulation of the points in the body, often by inserting thin needles into it (Lao et al., 2014). It is believed that every human has the energy of life called qi, and this energy flows in the human body through the meridians that are the streams ...

Question 1

Various factors contributed to the creation of communism in China. These factors include: Confucian culture Confucian culture is a key aspect of the Chinese society as it has played a significant role in the making of a communist culture. In the traditional Chinese society, Confucianism was the governing dogma of the ruling elite. The ideology first came into existence after 200 BCE and remained the country’s orthodox ideal for almost 2000 years. Even though, the introduction of communism resulted in numerous changes in various aspects of the Chinese society, Confucian elements still influence China’s political society. Ritual ...

Since ancient times, the ability to manage is considered the undisputed quality of a successful person. From the history, we can see that leaders are inherent in this quality. Moreover, selecting rulers’ people gave preference to them who is strong enough to lead people, to declare war on another state and to take responsibility for making important decisions for the country. People formed image of the head, and they needed someone who will take care of them and protect them from danger. The man, who does not have leadership qualities, had no chance to become the ruler. Before the considering ...

Currently, there is confusion about China's role in the Middle East and its relations with Saudi Arabia. In lights of developments (the Arab Spring) that have swept recently in the Middle East and North Africa , the spotlight on China-Saudi relations is of great significance, as it will help in understanding China's role in the Arab world. Additionally there are doubts among many of the ruling elite in the Middle East in general and Saudi Arabia in particular, about the United States' credibility as a strategic ally after they witnessed the speed at which the American administration abandoned its allies in ...

Introduction

China is the world’s most populous country. Its population comprises roughly 20 percent of the total world population. It is also a close second to the United States in terms of the size of economy and a close third when it comes to military size and even military technology sophistication. Over the past decades, the People’s Republic of China has slowly but surely gained strength to become a regional superpower, both in terms of economic and military benchmarks, especially when the fact that it is still being considered as one of the fastest growing economies not only in Asia but ...

Throughout the history of any nation, there are general processes, concepts, and events that occur that cause it to develop across time (Friedman). Thomas Friedman discusses such concepts in his book The World is Flat. The current state of the world is better understood through the analysis of world history. Influential concepts that have contributed to the modern world include nationalism, industrialization, flattening, and globalization (Stiglitz; Rodrik). Each of these concepts greatly impacted nations, and in turn, how the rapidly and efficiently each nation entered the globalized world. China, in particular, is an interesting example as a nation was one ...

Currently, there is confusion about China's role in the Middle East and its relations with Saudi Arabia. In lights of developments (the Arab Spring) that have swept recently in the Middle East and North Africa , the spotlight on China-Saudi relations is of great significance, as it will help in understanding China's role in the Arab world. Additionally there are doubts among many of the ruling elite in the Middle East in general and Saudi Arabia in particular, about the United States' credibility as a strategic ally after they witnessed the speed at which the American administration abandoned its allies in ...

The ROC-PRC transition parallels the Ming-Qing transition to a certain extent, especially when we consider Manchuria and Taiwan; however, the international situations and ethnic conditions differed quite a bit. Discuss the parallels and the differences comprehensively. Mongolia is a country that has been independent of China for decades. However, there is usually confusion as to whether it is a part of People’s Republic of China (PRC) that remained after the Ming Dynasty or not. This also applies to Taiwan and Manchuria. Although all the three states claim independence from the greater China, there is usually confusion because all of them have ...

Abstract

This paper aims at establishing communism in China and its effects on the government, economy, and lifestyle. Introduction In world history, communism is often associated with negative points. When communism is brought up, cruel regimes in the former Germany, U.S.S.R, and Yugoslavia and also current regimes in nations such as, North Korea, China and Cuba are time and again thought of depressingly. In addition to that, communism is associated with government control, limited personal freedoms, and a police state. Seemingly, all these curtail civil liberties. Ideally, some nations have tried communism and failed because of the methods they ...

- How successful were the programs of the New Deal in solving the problems of the Great Depression? Assess with respect to two of the following: Relief, Recovery, Reform. The Great Depression is a title of the economic depression in the world in the decade before the World War II. It was the longest and the deepest economic decline in 20th century. The Great Depression in the United States started in August, 1929, when economic recession was first observed in the country. The Wall Street Crash in 1929, the biggest stock market crash in the US history, signaled the ...

Introduction

At the end of the 1970s, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) emerged from the Mao Zedong era and started the process of opening up to the foreign world. As it initiated its reforms in 1978, it has also ventured into the international realms (Bijian, 2005). It pursued a winning policy for economic development, surged its military and political power, and made their nation a formidable player in the international arena. This phenomenon spans almost thirty years. As China’s economic, military and political power has increased over the last three decades, its national leaders also sought to enhance their ...

1. Using North Korea and China as examples, why do some leaders construct a personality cult around their rule? What is the downside of the personality cults in government? Personality cult is a term used to refer to the accumulation of all power in one leader within an autocratic state and the near veneration of the leader in government propaganda. With this cult, the leader in power is launded for being courageous, possessing immense wisdom and other extraordinary features. Various historical leaders across the globe have established a personality cult for themselves. Examples of these leaders are Mao Zedong of China ...

Currently the most populous country in the world, china is synonymous with communism. The extent to which Chinese leadership embraced the idea cannot be compared to any of the historically socialist states. Worth noting is the fact that communism, is an idea that relates to both the political and the social order in a country. The extent to which property and wealth is owned by the state makes the difference between communism and capitalism. The Chinese government, under the brutal and dictatorial leadership of such people as Mao Zedong, underwent socialism in the 20th century (French, 2007). Today, communism has ...

The movie “Born under the Red Flag”, directed by Sue Williams, is a touching representation of China’s evolution after Mao Zedong’s ruling. The beginning of the movie briefly reflects a quarter of century under the oppressive governance of Mao’s dictatorship and his reforms that generated terror: Cultural Revolution or the “Sent - Down Youth”, to name a few. Besides generating terror, these reforms and the entire political program that Mao developed created a closed China, isolated by foreign relations and in tensioned and hostile relationships with United States. Soon after Mao’s death, it was Deng Xiaoping who opened ...

- In an essay, explain the process of global decolonization starting with India in 1947. Discuss whether the great colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, and the Netherlands "gave" freedom to their colonial subjects - in this regard think of contrasting "struggles" like the French in Indochina and the British in West Africa. Describe the temporary approaches of the British and French to keep their colonies tied to them. Finally explain how the United States and the Cold War effected decolonization. In India, the nonviolent methods of Gandhi like the famous Salt March of 1930 were instrumental in ...

Mao Zedong was born in 1893 to a farming family. He has continued to make an impact in China and the world at large even after his death. He was the founder of the People’s Republic of China. His is a world recognized communist leader who influenced communism in Eastern Europe and all over the world. He led revolution after revolution until he secured power as the leader in china in 1949 (Yenming 170). Since then, China and the world have not been able to make a decision if he was a good or a bad leader.

The United States and Britain are ...

Many of Chairman Mao’s doctrines and strategies deviated from Marxism-Leninism; they were also against liberal and democratic Western values that some intellectuals in China were advocating in the first decades of the 20th century. Explain why Mao and his followers were eventually successful in achieving power in 1949.

The Success of the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong

The success of the Chinese Communist Party over the Chiang Kai-shek Party and its dominion over the Chinese mainland which led to the eventual establishment of the People’ Republic were enormous changes in the modern history of China. Its effects were profoundly felt by its own people and by other ...

Elusive Objectivity: Historical Interpretation and the Reality of Sino-Tibetan Relations

Many of the various histories written about the tumultuous relationship between China and Tibet offer polarized accounts of an international controversy that has come to define the struggle for ethnic identity and political autonomy. Indeed, it is a conflict fought as much in the media and the international consciousness of the global community as it has been contested on the battlefield and behind closed doors between charismatic political leaders like the Dalai Lama and Mao Zedong. The historians and authors who have chronicled a struggle that spanned the 20th century have, in general, seen the matter in terms of Tibetan sovereignty ...

China underwent many changes in the 1900s as the people changed from nationalism. At this time, many innocent people had suffered due to massacres, poverty, grief and starvation and many Chinese wanted changes in the way of life. Marxism ideologies started being considered due to the growth of a working class, consequences of the War and the Russian revolution (Archie 21). Marxism seemed to meet the needs of the new era and since the people needed an organization to guide them, they came up with a Communist Party. Mao Zedong, an intelligent man though poorly educated, had been a member of the ...