Essays on International Institutions

Where in the World We Might Be Headed Next?

It is almost certain that the world order that it was – when the United States was the only superpower – is now changing. In fact, the profound social change from the initial simple world characterized by democracy and common desirable goals seems to be less dominant. Today, nations are more divided as they lack a particular common drive that is truly an international agenda. Expertise commentaries suggest that there are several possibilities that could happen in the next decade. According to Doug Saunders (2014), the possibilities can be forecasted according to five contemplates scenarios. This paper selects “a New Cold ...

1. A "Virtue of anarchy" (or a positive effect of the constant threat of the use of force) in the international system according to Kenneth Waltz. (From Anarchic structures and balances of power, mainly Virtues of Anarchy)

Kenneth Waltz argues that countries reside in a state of war. Nation-states are guided solely by self-interests both internal, such as economic and military power, and external, by forming alliances and counter blocks. Some countries may have military potential and can use it anytime they want as a means of self-interest. K. Waltz implies that this violence is due to the anarchy, or chaos ...

1. Liberalism and Feminist theorist 

Central to the theory and practice of Liberalism is the freedom of individuals to make choices that will result to social outcomes. This particular school of thought believes that “the purpose of society is the advance of freedom, equality, and human happiness” (Auster, 2007, LA reply section). It is important to note though that when one person chooses not to respect the freedom and rights of other people, this violates the concept and therefore could not be considered under Liberalism. The various forms of liberalism: economic, social and political, adopt the central tenet, albeit in different contexts.

Liberalism, ...

International Relations-The Problem of the Rise of China

Introduction This research paper explores the issues related to the rise of China as one of contenders for world supremacy in terms of economic and political dominance. In the twenty first century several countries have been considered to have the potential of being superpowers and China has been seen as one of them. It has experienced massive economic growth and political development. The growth in its economy has resulted from the large skilled workforce and the efficient technology that is used in production. This has been accompanied by the strong security within its borders and the formation of a strong military base. ...

Power is the process of production, especially through social relations, of the effects that shape capacities of participants. This is normally in an attempt of determining their fate and circumstances. The concept of power forms the core of many international relations. Power entails two vital analytical dimensions. The first dimension is the kind of social relations under which power works; in either relation of interactions or social relations of social constitution. The second dimension is the social relations’ specificity through which effects are mitigated; diffuse/indirect or direct/specific. These distinctions bring about the taxonomy and four main concepts of power: ...

International Political Economy

International Political Economy

Introduction

Interest groups, domestic politics, and institutions, both domestic and international, are important factors that determine the foreign economic policy of a given country. Interest groups perform certain obligations, based on their capability to regulate competing industries to ensure safe and free trade. Besides, political leaders are required to execute some demands from the voters as pertains to the economy of the country to secure them a win in next elections. Finally, institutions form a link between countries undertaking international trade as they sign treaties to facilitate this trade. Economists have come up with some theories, which illustrate the interplay ...

Introduction

The bloody Algerian Civil War was triggered off when the army staged a coup d’état to halt an impending second round election victory by the Islamic Salvation Front. However, the causes of the conflict are both complex and interrelated. The deposition of President Chadli Benjedid in January of 1992 and cancellation of the election results, brought to a head the more than three years of continuous riots and demonstrations in the lead up to the first ever multiparty. The basic problem stems from the country’s indecision on whether to introduce democracy or not, especially when it became apparent that ...

Abstract

Alternative dispute resolution has been hailed by many people for the crucial role it plays in finding solutions to disputes outside the courtroom. By definition, arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution technique that takes place out of the legal courts. In this kind of dispute resolution, a third party reviews the facts and evidence of two parties and imposes a legally binding decision. The fact that the parties to a dispute have total control over the process makes it more admirable as compared to the judicial process. The parties have the ability to make their own schedules and choose the arbitrators. For a ...

Question One: How the US should deal with China

In the course we had discussed a number of readings that suggest that the US should deal with the rise of China by employing balance-of-power tactics. Other readings argue that the US can manage its relations with China more optimally by making China an equal co-partner in international institutions. I agree with the first perspective which states that the US should deal with the rise of China by employing balance-of-power tactics. The optimal option which aims at making these two countries equal co-partners in international institutions would not work and if attempted would be likely to fail shortly after it ...

Abstract

King Abdullah scholarship program (KASP) was established in 2010 by The Ministry of Higher Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The mission of KASP is meant to “prepare and qualify Saudi human resources in an effective manner so that they will be able to compete on an international level in the labor market and the different areas of scientific research, and thereby become an important source of supply of highly qualified individuals for Saudi universities as well as the government and private sectors” (Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia, 2011). Since its establishment, it has been ...

At the end of World War II, the world was awakened to a pressing need to build and strengthen institutions that would manage issues that led to the war and the economic turmoil that followed. But what are these ‘institutions’ and why do they matter? Institutions have been defined within a wide spectrum in the international relations literature; to date there is no widely-agreed upon definition. The concept is sometimes defined broadly to encompass all of the diverse international relations, often leaving the learner with little analytical bite. Towards one end is the notion of institutions as establishing the ‘rules ...

1. Introduction Dutch disease is a theorem which is first developed by W. Max Corden and J. Peter Neary in 1982 based on a theoretical story explaining the relationship between tradable and non-tradable goods. The theory basically claims that a large amount of resources gained through exploitation of natural resources or through an international aid or in any other similar way resulting abundance of financial resources for a country might not help the country to create an economic development. This country will enjoy spending this abundant resource, however, spending the resource will not create a capacity to produce some other tradable goods and ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Recessions and Recovery Strategies Economies are alive organizations which sometimes gets problems similar to our bodies. As we grow up and develop, we catch some sicknesses and similar to us, economies also grows up and sometimes they face some crisis and recessions. During recessions, consumption level and income level of people decreases and economy slows down. In a slow economy, investors do not prefer to make new investments and even during a severe recession, they might stop their all investments in the economy. As we know, economies have a cycle and when it slows down all parts in the economy slows ...

Many often consider the United States the world’s superpower, the only nation that remains dominant in almost all sectors of the international arena – from politics to social development. The US is also seen as the only country to possess a military capability that can truncate any potential power that threatens world peace. However, the US did not hold this role and prominence in the international community before the Second World War as the US had remained under isolation after the First World War. The US had been leery to join the war efforts due to their experiences in the ...

Introduction

Controversy has always characterized the study of international relations, particularly in terms of politics. The complexity of such field has enabled the applicability of many theoretical models in studying politics in the international arena. There could be no “one-size-fits-all” approach, as there is an understanding that several theories have attempted to explain phenomena within international relations. Three theories – neorealism, neoliberalism and classical realism, stand out as among the most prominent ones applicable in studying international relations, with each tending to construct distinctive interpretations. This study seeks to establish that of the three aforementioned theories, classical realism stands out ...

The media has totally changed especially in United States has changed how people view presidents as leaders. Through presidential debate system, the media has managed to put the presidential candidates to task over what they have to offer the country when elected the leaders. During the last campaigns for instance, it was evident that nobody would just wake one day and start saying that he or she wants to be the president. It is after one has been vetted by the public and questioned in terms of policies they have which aim at transforming and elevating the country from ...

Extent of challenge that international institutions like IMF, World Bank and WTO have on ability to develop domestic economic and social policies. Globalization dominated political, academic discourse and population policies during the 1900’s. Globalization is currently credited for incredibly a massive range of phenomena. This ranges from social problems, pollution, poverty, rural depopulation, urban overcrowding and congestion. Conversely, it is trumpeted as being central to a lot of developmental successes, poverty reduction, improved economic prosperity, enhanced human rights and better services. Globalization has also led to improvement in the political, social and economic sector within economies and human development ( ...

Theoretical Weakness Argument

With reference to the theory of logic of institutionalist, Institutional order has made US to face constraints within its security policy. Therefore, US has to ensure cooperation of order aspects that it favors by cooperating across the board. The argument for the theory is based on the perception of the working principle of reputations. However, proponents of this theory have made an assumption, but not provided a justification of the perspective on reputations.

Downs and Jones claim that there is no theoretical basis of how reputation plays a significant role in international institutions. They argue that states should be viewed as ...