Essays on Solar Cell

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Executive Summary SunEdison is a renewable energy company. Its revenue comes from semiconductor wafer manufacturing, solar energy business and TerraForm Power (wind power and global business). The company has recently filed for bankruptcy due to poor operational performance and its inability to serve its $11 billion debt. Luckily for the company, first and second lien holders have provided the required capital to continue operation. Overall, the renewable energy market is growing at a very high rate. However, due ...

Solar Energy

Solar Energy Background What can be more useful for humanity if not an unlimited power source, which we can use without any harm to the environment? Probably nothing, but solar power. Humanity has always tried to conquer the unlimited power of the sun – the history of solar technology dates back to the 7th Century B.C. and continues to this day. In the beginning, we tried to concentrate the sun’s heat by using glass, mirrors or other devices to light fires. From those times, we greatly progressed, but still we did not conquer this magnificent source of power. Why ...

Investigation of Solar cells

Introduction Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, rely on the photoelectric effect to convert the solar radiation into electric energy. Photoelectric effect refers to the tendency of materials to emit electrons when light is shown on them. The electrons dislodged from the surface of an object as a result of light being shown on the surface of such materials are referred to as photoelectrons. Not all materials exhibit the ability to emit electrons when placed along the path of light. Most with the ability to emit electrons are metals. Silicon is a key ingredient of a solar cell. ...

Overview

Reversed engineering is referred to as the process of producing or creating another object following a detailed specification, construction, composition, and examination of the object’s existing components. Other definitions also include going through the development cycle in backwards and discovering the mechanism of an object by taking it apart and assembling back components with a new or manipulated function.

Project Specifications

For this reversed engineering project, the objective is to Increase the lamp’s current 3.3 voltage to 5.1 volts to brighten LED illumination. The electronic piece of equipment to be sampled for this project is a garden lamp, which is a simple lamp ...

1. Introduction

The worlds electricity generation is about 17, 450 Twh. The most of which comes from coal and 20% of which comes from gas, and 16% of which comes from nuclear and hydro each. The coal is the carbon di oxide emitting substance per Kwh. The other pollutants are at the high levels. This substance continues to dominate the market with low cost and high availability. This substance continues to dominate the market with low cost and the high availability. This affects are not going to reduce the emission amount. The future investment is always needed to save the environment ...

1. Introduction Even though fossil fuels and coal mines its still in adequate quantity base in some industry expert the earth is it experience sudden climate change that common believe as the result of the mining tapping and use coals and fossil fuels to provide a electricity to homes and industry all over the worldsince the Industrial Revolution [7]. So one of great thing concern of today its how to renew efficient and cost effective solar energyfor domestic use. Solar energy its intense heat and light from the sun utilize through a array of different technology like solar thermal energy ...

1. Introduction Even though fossil fuels and coal mines are still in adequate quantity according to some industrial experts, the earth is experiencing drastic climate change which is commonly believed as the outcomes of mining, tapping, and using coals and fossil fuels to provide electricity to homes and industries all over the world since the Industrial Revolution [7]. Therefore, one of the greatest concerns today is how to efficiently and cost-effectively utilize renewable energy, particularly solar energy, for domestic use. Solar energy is intense heat and light from the sun utilized through an array of different technologies like ...

(Chemical Vapor Decomposition)

Introduction

Photovoltaic solar panels are designed for direct conversion of solar energy into electricity. They consist of a plurality of solar cells (cells) which are made of silicon, one of the most abundant elements on earth. Structurally, the photovoltaic solar module is electrically interconnected solar cells having output terminals for connecting the loads. Each cell contains a semiconductor layer 2: positive and negative. On the silicon layer is applied to one particular substance, whereby an excess of electrons. This forms a negatively charged n-layer. On the other layer created deficiency of electrons and becomes positively charged (p-layer). When a photon of ...

Abstract – The solar power technology has been under development for a long time. Solar power has been a sure source of energy for many people living in remote places. One area of concern has been the use of solar panels in tapping the solar energy. There is research going on in the way solar cell performance is enhanced. There are technologies that have been developed to enhance the tapping of the solar energy from the sun. One technology that is gaining attention of engineering researchers is the use semi-conductor material to manufacture solar cells. In this area, there are new developments ...

Introduction

Alternative renewable energy continues to grow popularity because of the upsetting climate change caused by greenhouse gases, exhaustion of non-renewable energy resources and rising global demand for energy. Renewable resources of electricity production are vital progress and are fundamentally motivated by cost. Solar energy is clean and profuse that is why it is the best among the available substitutes. The modern solid-state photovoltaic (PV) technology began in 1954 upon the discovery of silicon (Si) diodes photovoltaic effect . Crystalline Si and a wide range of thin film solar cells, which are inorganic, are the prevailing photovoltaic technologies employed nowadays . ...

Figure 1Mechanism of electron flow in solar cell 3 Figure 2 Structure of typical Photovoltaic solar cell 3 Figure 3 Types and efficiency of different PV cells 4 Figure 4: Laboratory scale efficiency associated with size of different PV cells in China 5 Figure 5 Working mechanism or Principle of Solar Cell (Rongqiang.2006) 6 Figure 6 Efficiency for different silicon cells having varying combinations 7 Figure 7: Pricing of different installed PV systems 9

Photovoltaics Solar Power

1. Introduction The sun has been seen for decades as the center of the universe instead of an ...

Figure 1 Structure of solar cell ("Rethinking energy: Towards," 2014) 4 Figure 2 Internal structure solar cell ("Rethinking energy: Towards," 2014) 5 Figure 3 Working principle of solar modules (Rongqiang) 5 Figure 4 Installation mechanism of photovoltaic cell to generate electricity (Rongqiang). 6 Figure 5 Electricity production by PV cell during 1999-2010 (Rongqiang) 6 Figure 6 Worldwide PV installation in the year 2005 (Rongqiang) 7 Figure 7 Classification PV cells, (http://sovoxglobal.com/cell_classification.html) 7 Figure 8 Internal structure of crystalline silicon cell 8 Figure 9 working phenomena of thin film cell 8

Solar Energy: Role of Photovoltaic Cells

Executive ...

[Author] 1. Introduction The Earth holds lots of energy, which can be converted to many forms. The world’s current need is to generate power from the available source; out of that the most used source for power generation is oil and coal [Solar power (Anon., 2009)]. The most of the scientists in the world are recommending not using coal or oil for generating power as it was changing the earth’s current temperature we call it as global warming. Most of the countries are now aware on the effect on using oil and coal for power ...

Abstract

In recent times, solar power has gained immense popularity due to its various advantages over conventional fossil fuels. It is clean, noise free and environment friendly. In the light of these advantages, it is important to study the various technologies used for harnessing the solar energy. This paper explores the various advantages and limitations of these methods in order to apply these for solar power generation. - Introduction As the global demand for energy is growing and environmental issues such as global warming assuming importance, the role of renewable energy sources in energy production is gaining popularity ...

- Introduction Solar cells function by converting solar light energy into electricity. It functions on the basis of the photovoltaic effect. “Photo” stands for light and “voltaic” means electricity (light–electricity). A solar cell is capable of providing DC current. This DC current can be used to light bulbs and power DC motors. Rechargeable batteries also use this DC current, which can be utilized later on when the sun is not available. Also, these batteries, when fully charged, are portable and can be used wherever and whenever you want them (De Vos, 1980). Solar cells are comparable ...

There are two broad categories of energy: renewable and non-renewable sources. In describing alternative sources of energy, we shall limit ourselves to renewable sources, that is, those that cannot be depleted. Examples of renewable sources of energy include solar energy, geothermal, biomass, wind, tidal and many others. The discussion will further be biased on solar energy in this case. The purpose of choosing this alternative is to find out the energy source that is not only environmental friendly but also clean and viable. As far as originality is concerned, solar energy has been utilized by man for thousands ...

Introduction

During the creation of the world, the world contains some amount of resources to produce energy. The need for light during dark period forced many scientists to invent the flow of energy called electricity. The need for electricity forced humans to use non renewable energy resources like coal, petroleum etc. The Human fails to understand the non renewable energy resources are depleting in nature and it will diminish after some years. Now all of them are searching for renewable energy resources, among them solar energy is the good renewable energy resources that can be obtained from sun. The suns ...

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Part 1. Solar Panel History

The history of Solar panels takes it beginning from the 7th Century B.C. Now, the energy sector of economy has the greatest impact on our lives. Power supply is the basis of the normal functioning of any production, and, consequently, the entire human civilization. Heat and light homes, work machines and units in production, traffic and rural suffering - all these many faces of Energy. Various technological advances have already become part of life for us, but they are possible only when adequate and affordable energy supply, due to the development of alternative energy sources, ...

Microeconomic Analysis of Each Government Intervention

- US government intervention through tariffs The US government has opted to be actively controlling their country’s balance of payments through the use of tariffs aiming at discouraging importation of Chinese solar panels. This intervention has been established with a common goal to protect the US local industry and the manufactures of solar panels and the related products. As a result, the US government has levied custom duties on the Chinese products ranging from 2.9% to 4.73%. Although, this intervention comes with many advantages, particularly in protecting the domestic market and increasing government revenue, microeconomic analysis shows that ...

Introduction

Ozzie Zehner in contrary to others makes it clear that the globe is not on an energy crisis but rather on an energy consumption crisis. The key issue as with Ozzie is on the weight that the environmentalism is given to this problem. It is more of what every individual in the use and concern of environment things about this issue and not just, how we publish and talk about it without a standing order to address this issue. Since the problem of environment has existed and seamed to advancing since then despite the various talks that appear to be ...

The production of electricity is a major focus of energy use, with the United States generating about 4 billion kilowatthours of electricity in 2012, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA, 2013). Coal remains the most common source of energy for this process, while renewable energy sources, such as solar, are the type of energy source that is showing the highest growth rate (EIA, 2013). As the consumer demand for electricity keeps increasing, it makes sense to compare the various means of producing it to determine the advantages and disadvantages of using the different forms of energy available. One ...

Introduction

Laser technologies are used in different fields such as instrumentation, micro manufacturing, medicine, imaging and communications. Application of lasers to micro manufacturing is known to have a number of benefits which include capability of remote processing, noncontact processing, no tool wear, automation and the possibility of machining brittle and hard materials. The use of laser processes for specific manufacturing processes has been around for decades. However, the share of micro applications within the whole laser market was a minor one, with laser welding and cutting dominating the laser application sector. With the increase in miniaturization and higher integration of consumer products, ...

MSc Independent Engineering Scholarship (IES) Proposal

Personal Details Dissertation Proposal Background This project is inspired by the need to utilize semi conductor technologies that have spiraled in the past decade to develop high efficient solar cell materials which are capable of utilizing higher degree spectrum light. The University of (University Name) Infrastructure development permitting the development of systems capable of measuring new solar cell performances has allowed the usage of a single chip with discrete components. The system is applicable in a host of functions including space, terrestrial and recycling of used Silicon wafers to produce solar cells. The design consists of an ...

Abstract

The research proposal outlines the significance and need for adopting alternate sources of energy. The most abundantly available and inexhaustible source of energy is the solar energy. Sun provides 100,000 TW of energy to the earth which is much greater than the present amount of energy consumption which is 13 TW (Gratzel, 2007). A lot of research has been carried out to trap the solar energy and convert it to other usable forms. Though it is quite a difficult task, advancements in technology have enabled trapping of this natural resource possible. Our present energy needs could be met if ...

Introduction

Presently, it is a matter of common knowledge that global warming is among the most prominent problems affecting all regions f the world in equal measure (Sobey 46). Worth mentioning is the reality that, global warming is usually associated with carbon gases; carbon (IV) oxide, commonly referred to as carbon dioxide, being the most prominent. Scientists and environmentalists have established that 21.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, thanks to the use of fossil fuels. Research further indicates that natural processes can only consume up to half of the released amount. The net effect is the ...

Photosynthesis/Semiconductor-based solar cell

Photosynthesis is a process where plants manufacture carbohydrates from water, carbon dioxide and minerals with the use of light as an energy source. Plants degenerate water and carbon dioxide into carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which form glucose, the source of energy for plants that helps in food production and growth. A semiconductor-based solar panel is used to harness solar energy into electricity form. People can use this device to harvest sunlight energy and use it as electricity.

Solar cells and plant cells use sunlight and change it into energy. The process by which sunlight is converted into energy differs though. ...

Plant and Solar cell

The sun plays an extremely vital role in sustaining the life on earth, exhibited through the emission of solar energy that aids in the cycling of matter, and maintenance of gravity (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). The solar energy reaches the earth through radiation. It flows through the biosphere, warms the atmosphere, evaporates, recycles water, generates winds and support plant growth (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). Further, the energy from the sun also supports photosynthesis, the process by which green plants use natural light to make compound such as carbohydrates that maintain their lives also feed other organisms (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). On the ...

Global Investment Trends in Clean Energy

Once again the country is concerned with our reliance on an energy policy that depends on controlling resources in other countries. The Senate hearing of March 17, 2011 addressed national and international dynamics in clean energy. Clean energy refers to the use of renewable, nonpolluting (or less polluting the fossil fuels) sources of energy.

The hearing was held by the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the U.S. Senate. Senator Jeff Bingaman, New Mexico is the chair of the committee and presided at the hearing. The hearing was called to “Examine Current Global Investment Trends in Clean Energy ...

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are one of the next generation’s renewable energy sources for our world energy demand. PV modules are highly reliable. However, in polluted environments, over time, they will collect grime and dust. There are also limited field data studies about soiling losses on PV modules. The study showed how important it is to investigate the effect of tilt angle on soiling.

The study includes two sets of mini-modules. Each set has 9 PV modules tilted at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 23, 30, 33 and 40o. The first set called "Cleaned" was cleaned every other day. ...