Labour Market College Essays Samples For Students

The number of college graduates have increased overtime, with an estimated 30% of adults holding degrees by the close of the year 2010 in the United States. It is estimated that upwards of 50% workers have level of education that do not match their respective levels of education, with the majority of these employees having relatively more education than is required. Overeducation results in considerable wage costs by individuals, coupled with productivity losses to the economy. These costs have increase in part due to the faster rise in higher education participation, which has not been matched, by corresponding increases ...

There is no doubt that the issue concerning the effects of minimum wages on employment has a subject of debate in many debates and equally generating varied interpretations in many economic debates (König, and Möller 716). This paper discusses the economic arguments for and against the minimum wage and incorporates graphs of the labour market showing the impact of a minimum wage in monopsonistic and perfect competition markets. Whereas proponents of minimum wage argue that minimum wage enhances worker commitment, encourages equality in income distribution, aids in reduction of worker exploitation, and reduces government’s expenditure on welfare; opponents ...

EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES HAVE DIFFERENT EXPECTATIONS OF EACH OTHER BOTH IN TERMS OF WORK GENERALLYY AND IN TERMS OF PARTICULAR PEOPLE AND JOBS

Irrespective of the size, structure and orientation of any particular organization, it is employer’s responsibility to make improved decisions towards the selection of newly hired employees as well as maintaining previous workforce. It is employer’s expectation to achieve all his organizational needs from his appointed workforce whereas; employees expect to acquire skills and benefits whilst working for an organization. They are keen to show how hard working they are and what sort of skills ...

MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON LABOR MARKET OF UK

Migration and Its Impact on Labor Market of UK
Migration refers to the movement of an individual or groups of individuals from their places of origin to another place. The movement of folks from one country to another is called international migration. People leaving the country are emigrants while for the country they move in, they are immigrants. In many cases, people within a country move from one place to another, particularly from the rural to the urban areas and this is also a migration referred as rural to urban migration. Asylum seekers form another type of migrants who ...

Most families today are dual-earner, as many women have entered the workforce, either because of financial needs, or because of their wish to pursue a career and to be financially independent. While the gender gap is closing on the labour market, at home, the patriarchal ideology is reaffirmed by means of the division of household chores. Whereas men had to assume a share of the household chores, in most families, women continue to perform most of the chores which have been traditionally assigned to them. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the current gender division of ...

Part A

The move by Ratan Tata to create a Tata Group brand was a brilliant idea that paid of well for the company. Ratan Tata had been under pressure to create such a system and in the end when he did, Tata Son’s reaped maximum benefits from the creation of the Tata brand. This also was an advantage to the companies within the Tata umbrella. The existence of the Tata brand was crucial for the growth and revitalization of the company amid a new era that saw huge changes in the business world.
In an emerging market, the creation of the Tata ...

Executive Summary

The paper discusses current graduate labour market on Information Technology sector in Singapore. Singapore is considered IT hub hosting firms from across the services, software, spanning the internet, as well as Infocomm service space. These firms pursue comprehensive business activities within Singapore, ranging from research or development, offering of solutions to international markets to headquarter functions. The country continues to attract international IT firms and encourages companies to accept cloud computing as the market is anticipated to advance. Singapore has launched Smart Nation policy to steer its IT agenda. The country has many opportunities to offer graduates because of ...

Education has done little to improve social mobility. To what extent does this statement provide an accurate reflection of the role of education in contemporary Britain?

Introduction

The impact of education on equal opportunities and social mobility has been an important concern thoroughly explored in the field of sociology. An early British sociologist of education, Olive Banks, systematically tackled the issue of how an educational institution that establish hierarchy in schools in accordance to a hierarchical labour market could bring about 'parity of prestige' or, in simple term, equal opportunity (Irvin, 2008). There are conclusive sociological findings which reveal how ...

Economics is an art and science that deals with allocation of scarce resources to unlimited human wants. Resources are the means of production, which include the human and non-human capital. Human capital encompasses the labour resource, which is the human effort and skill devoted to production in an economy. The process of engaging the human efforts in production is known as employment. This paper explores the unemployment rate of human labour in respect with the causal economic dynamics. Unemployment takes up various forms in nature but this paper identifies the structural and the cyclical forms of unemployment as closely ...

Introduction

Labour force participation rate is an important concept in economics and it is defined as the number of labours that are participating in the economic activities from the total number of labour available in the economy . The higher the labour participation rate of the economy, there are more chances that the economy would be stable and in a better situation.
As labour participation rate is an important and one of the most discussed topics in economics, this report discusses about the same concept. The report first defines the labour force participation rate and then highlights the importance of labour ...

Managing diversity in the business management context

Ethnicity and discrimination based on gender in the labour market have been highly prevalent in recent years with many nations and their governments searching for alternative strategies and developing policies to reduce it. Education has for so long been perceived as the only avenue through which this menace can be addressed, and policymakers have been trying to regulate it in such a way as to offer equal opportunities to all individuals. There has been a marked improvement in registration into institutions of higher learning by young BME people in recent years in the UK. This is mainly fueled by ...

The Future of Higher Education in U.S.A
Vocational education and training in the USA represent the product of an extension of the evolutionary progression. The economic, educational, and social aspects have on many occasions been exerting pressure and influencing on how vocational education is defined, as well as defining when, where, how and to whom this education should be provided. One can define vocational education that teaches students to be practical with attempts of equipping them job or career skill instruction. In this regard, various components are subject to the classification under the umbrella of vocational education. These components ...

Canadian society is understood to widely represent things like equality, freedom, and acceptance, but this is not the case for pay equality. Canadian law prohibits the discrimination in employment of persons based on their race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality. Although employers are unable to discriminate against women in the hiring process there is still a large wage gap between women and their male counterparts. Gender pay inequality has been widely discussed in various news outlets as a large problem in Canada, which has yet be properly addressed. It has been found that women earn less than men due to ...

The “natural rate of unemployment” has been defined by Milton Friedman (1968) as a level of equilibrium in the economy that is determined by structural and institutional characteristics of the economy. In other words, it is the lowest rate of unemployment that allows the market to sustain an equilibrium over a long period. Hence, if the level of unemployment in the economy is equal to its natural unemployment level, it means that the country has zero unemployment, and it is currently free of cyclical unemployment.
The two components of natural unemployment are frictional and structural. Structural unemployment relates to a longer-lasting ...

Globalization – is a complex social process that has all-pervasive nature and that changes the world we live in. We are talking about globalization, implying changes in society, modern lifestyle and intensification of all processes.
Globalization changes the whole system of social relations, including labour relations as part of them. System of values ​​and interests of social development, system of interests and values ​​at the workplace changes in a qualitatively different manner. Workers see each other not as competitors with hostile intentions, but as peace partners. The labour market due to globalization became not a constant race for a leader, but a system of ...

Bridging Economic Resource Gap

Evaluation of Post-Apartheid Tax Reforms in South Africa
Bridging Economic Resource Gap

Introduction

Critical analysis of South Africa's post-apartheid various tax reforms adopted by the country since 1990 looks at the effectiveness of those policies in bridging the resource gap plaguing the economy. In general, the racial disparities economically remain considerably little changed in review of the centuries of white domination of the South African region and the post-apartheid era through present. The significance of this for the following academic investigation of how tax reforms have or have not proven effective for bridging South Africa's economic resource gap must ...

Introduction

The term ‘industrial relations’ was coined in the 18th century and was commonly used in nations like North America and Great Britain. Subsequently the term personnel management came to be applied and then the evolution of human resource management as an internal body of the organization was evolved in 1980s. The above mentioned three terms represent both academic enquiry and practical task. The term industrial relations, in the beginning, was largely associated with public sector and manufacturing organizations and left out large private sector firms. Also the existence of industrial relations and trade unionism were synonymous. This is mainly ...

This paper examines the effect of Obama's new raise of taxes to business on employment. The impact of raising taxes to business is discussed with relation to employment. The outcome of labour market is a significant measure of household well-being during an economic crisis more so to the middle class and low class population where employment is the main source of income. Understanding of whether rising of taxes on businesses affect business is thus essential.
An increase in taxes definitely hurt small and medium enterprises. This is because they will have to pass the cost to the consumers. This ...

The article “Recent Layoffs in a Fragile Labor Market” by Rob Valletta and Katherine Kuang discusses the alarming indications of the labor market weakening, which might be a sign of the beginning of the new economic slow-down. Authors’ conclusions are based on the increase of the claims for unemployment insurance, which usually signal a rise in unemployment due to employers’ pessimistic predictions of the future. The pattern of unemployment boost can be also observed from the results of the Current Population Survey (CPS), and Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). Moreover, the split between state/ local government sector and private-sector employees ...

A Second Chance

Modern world economy is dynamic and can be characterized by very volatile trends and demands. Trying to adopt to the contemporary conditions and responding to the increasing cost pressure, many companies have to conduct extensive cost-cutting policies, which include not only production improvements in processes, but also an attempt to decrease labour cost through decreasing the number of workers and outsourcing. This trend, unfortunately, is leaving many people without a job, thus increasing the burden for the government and therefore taxpayers. In the attempt to reduce the number of unemployed and to improve the quality of workforce, numerous retraining programs ...

Introduction

The previous ten years have experienced a rise in awareness and sensitization on the negative effects of discrimination among the people living in Ireland. This has been clearly mirrored in the formulation and enactment of equality legislations and the consequent establishment of bodies such as the Equality Authority and the Equality Tribunal. Discrimination occurs when an individual or a group of persons is/are treated less favourably than others due to their religious belief, sexual orientation, ethnic group or ‘race’-skin colour, disability, family status, marital status, gender and/ or member of traveller community, which are the nine fundamental grounds of discrimination. ...

Question/Problem Definition

In a global and competitive world of corporation, each organization aims to acquire a significant share of market and earn lucrative profits from loyal customers. On the contrary, the customers want products and services from organizations that ensure their quality at least possible price. In order to produce and deliver a quality product and/or service to the customers, it is important to have an in-depth customer orientation and standardization in production processes. The two aspects need a strong synchronization with the organizational culture and strategic decision-making.
Organizations need to sustain a strong compliance with quality guidelines and factors that ...

Abstract

The current paper explores the main differences of the Great Recession in 2007-2009 from other economic collapses in the history if the United States. Section I discusses the general features of a recession and describes the main responsibilities of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Section II is devoted to the comparison of the Great Recession with the recession of 1980s. The section is divided into four subsections. Subsection A presents the basic comparison of recessions in the U.S. history and explains the choice of the 1980s period for the further comparison. Subsection B explores differences in unemployment in ...

The aboriginal people in Canada are the indigenous people that live in Canada. They are made of the Inuit, First actions and the Metis. The issues that face the Canadian Aboriginals have attracted high mainstream media attention. There concerns regarding policy surrounding the issue such as self-governance, human rights, and employment and education standards. It is also well known that the Aboriginal population earns less the non-Aboriginal population. The course on aboriginal conditions has made me realize the various issues that the aboriginal people go through and that it is a crisis.
One of the most important aspects of ...

Cranford, Cynthia J., Leah Vosko, Nancy Zukewich. “Precarious Employment in the Canadian Labour Market: A Statistical Portrait. Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society 16 (2010): 6-22. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.

The increase of precarious employment poses a significant challenge to policies that support current income yet it remains a largely neglected part in policy-making. The article uses data from the Labor Force Survey and the General Social Survey to examine the relationship between gender, forms of employment and dimensions of precarious employment in Canada. According to the article, most women work in part-time and casual wage ...

The natural rate of unemployment refers to level of unemployment existing when the economy is at full employment i.e. the labour market is at equilibrium. Stated otherwise, natural rate of employment is the level of unemployment that exist in healthy economy. At natural rate, the aggregate supply of labour is equal to the aggregate demand for labour. Every worker willing to work at the existing real wage is employed and involuntary unemployment is non-existent. Nonetheless, voluntary unemployment prevails since some workers will remain unemployed as they search for jobs offering higher wages or better working conditions. Structural unemployment is ...

Over the recent past, there has been numerous debate over a push by the federal to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour from the current $7.25 (Epstein 2014). The article The minimum wage is no friend of the poor authored by Gene Epstein in the Barron’s is a well detailed analysis of how raising the minimum wage will consequently interfere with the labour market and ultimately influence international business. Epstein claims that there are many other better ways of lifting up people’s fortunes other than trying to micromanage the labour market.
According to the Congressional Budget ...

Business Plan: Only-Grocery China Venture

Introduction
Business operations emanate from the inculcation of diverse approaches in the functional aspects towards successful outcomes. Most fundamentally, the internationalization prospect has led to the emergence of the need for plausible entry modes that are bound to ensure profitability in the foreign market. Thus, Only-grocery is a firm that has been within the operational mandate of provision of a differentiated product and service delivery to its clients. As such, the firm focuses on providing fresh agricultural products within the online mandate to the prospective clients. As a novel idea within the diverse markets, the company aims towards market venture into ...

Introduction and Thesis Statement

There are a number of causes for people to seek self-employment. Perhaps the most common factor would be the unavailability of a suitable job that meets the expectation of individuals. Even though the unemployment level in the UK is far lesser than many other developed countries; “The unemployment rate for people aged 16 and over for the UK was 6.0%, for the period June 2014 to August 2014” (Office for National Statistics, 2014), and the reason why many individuals seek self-employment could be because of their need for recognition; entrepreneurial or single employee micro-businesses offer the scope for recognition. A third ...

- 1. A) Using Walton, Cutcher-Gershenfeld and McKersie’s strategic negotiations framework (Table 6.2) in Chapter 6 of the Boxall and Purcell text, how would you describe the old management’s strategy?
- The strategic negotiations framework described in the chapter is a behavioural approach to managing employee relations in the organization (Walton, Cutcher-Gershenfeld, & McKersie, 1994). Given the decisions made by the HR manager, the strategic negotiations framework is divided into three types of approaches. First is “fostering” approach that requires total commitment from all the members, and then comes the “forcing” approach which involves bargaining tactics and the ...

The rate of unemployment levels is known to move in a cyclical manner, largely being influenced by the current business cycles. Nonetheless, other factors such as demographics developments and labour market policies may influence both the short and long-term unemployment evolution as well. According to the article on Labour markets: Did the natural rate of unemployment rise? By Mary Daly SAhim and Robert Valleta, the sharp increase in the United States rate of unemployment associated with the 2007-2009 recession is greatly unprecedented during the era after the World War 2. However, unlike the post world war rapid market recoveries, the ...

Introduction

The health care system remains a fundamental component in national development. An effective health care system enables a country to attain high economic development by providing quality medical services to the people. The system ensures that members of the public access reliable, affordable, and quality medical services. This move creates a healthy and working nation because people can engage in social economic activities and contributes, in national development. The system also creates a conducive environment to nurture talents, innovativeness, creativity, and invention, thus attracting local and foreign investors. Most developed states have invested in health care through hiring qualified and competent nurses, establishing ...

[Date (February20, 2013)]

Education system is one of the major causes of unemployment in Saudi Arabia. The education system has failed to equip young Saudis with relevant skills and knowledge which are necessary and marketable in the job market. About 80% of universities and college students graduate in social and art subjects like history, Islamic studies and Arabic literature and the remainder 20% graduate in the more competitive fields like medicine, engineering and accounting.Infact there is a big gap between the universities output and the needs in the labour market(Billing). Many of these young graduates cannot find jobs in the industries as ...

Major causes of economic growth in the UK and in china during 1997 and 2007

The UK and China both experienced a period of steady economic growth, marked by an increase in gross domestic product, purchasing power parity, and decrease in unemployment and an increase in production within the countries. This growth was triggered by various factors and the result of the growth was an increase in financial stability within the two countries. Prior to this period, they had experienced sporadic growth but this period was characterised by steady economic growth.
The economy of the People’s Republic of China has been one of the most vibrant in the world during this period. China ...