Essays on Labor Market

Dates

Rising income inequality is caused by laziness and purposeful policy decisions as proposed by the two propositions. The first proposition when people are lazy and all they do is sit idly waiting to reap where they did not sow will not solve the matter at hand. The lazier they are the poorer they become hence adding to the income inequality. Value is proportional meaning that there is no way success can go hand in hand with laziness instead hard work would. The harder one works the more promising it is for a better living hence solving the income inequality. ...

Microenvironment Analysis

Political environment: The government of the country is making significant efforts in building strong political and economic ties with other countries. The country is supporting the international community for the attainment of well-being and safety of people and has good relation with all countries almost. The political environment in the country for business is good, as the government has taken initiatives to diversify the economy at a higher level. In 2010, the government announced $130 billion monetary packages to spend until 2015 with the aim of boosting the private sector participation and foreign direct investment. The purpose of encouraging ...

Introduction:

In most of the countries, the labor unions are recognized as the body that plays a significant role in fighting for the rights of the workers. Hence, most of their activities center around negotiating better pay for their members and ensuring their working conditions are favorable. They also represent all their members if a dispute arises between them and their employers. By doing so, it ensures that the employer does not violate the rights of the members who are part of the union (Saad, 2015). To some extent, the larger unions normally engage themselves in the act of lobbying ...

Impact of Unemployment on the Long Term

The unemployment is defined as the state of looking for a job and not being able to get a job. The unemployed people are willing to be in the labor market; however, the economies cannot produce enough jobs for all the workers. The unemployment might continue the long term, especially after the recession times in the national economies (Krueger, Cramer and Cho 230). The ability to create new jobs is very essential for the national economies. The recession times in the world cause an increase in the unemployment rate, and some of the unemployments are long-term unemployments. The most ...

Introduction

The KASP is a Saudi Government-funded scholarship program initiated in 2005 under King Abdullah ("King Abdullah Scholarship Program"; "Patent Program"). KASP has been launched in response to Saudi Arabia's increasing need for more qualified human capital, particularly in light of Kingdom's dependency on foreign labor (al-Shayea). The first KASP cycle was launched after late King Abdullah's and former U.S. President George W. Bush's agreement to increase numbers of Saudi students in U.S. ("King Abdullah Scholarship Program"). The Saudi Government invested SR7 billion and awarded 9,252 male and female students U.S. scholarships in first phase ("King Abdullah Scholarship Program"). ...

Personnel Selection Process

Background In human resource management, recruitment is one of the most critical activities for an organization. Especially, proper selection of candidates in managerial roles often determines the success and failure of a company as managers are the main decision makers (Visa, Einolander and Vanharanta, 2015). Acme Manufacturing is not different. Recruitment of managers in a manufacturing company requires special screening as the environment in manufacturing locations is susceptible to hostility than other parts of the organization. A robust selection and recruitment process should have multiple well defined stages.

Internal Environment

Promotion has a significant impact on the recruitment process. When any ...

Before an individual opts to pursue a particular area of specialty, he or she considers various forces and elements. The factors are termed as the labor market instigators. The motivators affect the results of undergraduates’ decisions concerning different subjects. They are important to the students and in making public policies. The interests are dictated by the level of employability in the social discourse and in the proposals to direct governmental funding in support of different specializations. Davies et.al, (2013), directs its focus towards the labor market motivations in England to provide a generalized format of understanding the choice of ...

Article Review

Abstract This paper attempts to provide a discussion on the choice of the field of study at the undergraduate level based on a research article that investigates the choice of subject and the factors affecting the choice . We discuss how student background and the motivations influence the subject choice. In doing so we have also discussed how the motivation is affected by the student’s social, economic and ethnic background. The implications of the result for policy purposes have also been discussed. We find that two issues like student’s ability and interests and the social contribution of a ...

Introduction

The article entitled The Gender Gap in Wages, circa 2000 by June O’Neil discusses the existence of gender pay gap between men and women, despite the considerable social and economic growth that occurred during this century. Accordingly, the participation of women in the labor force has dramatically increased in the turn of the century, yet the labor force activity does not seem to narrow the gender wage gap. O’Neil argued that the wage gap between men and women is spelled out by non-discriminatory elements which “are unlikely to change radically in the near future unless the roles ...

Question 1

Sourcing, a part of the larger recruiting process, is the process of identifying potential places from which a firm can hire its recruits from. It involves examining the internal and external sources whose recruits are able to meet the specific requirements or needs of the firm. There are several determinants that influence the source from which a firm will recruit applicants from. First and foremost, the particular source should be able to provide recruits that meet the firm’s requirements. For example if a company wants experienced employee, it can recruit those who have been laid off by a ...

The Federal Funds Rate Hike

The New York Times, in an article by Binyamin Appelbaum entitled "Fed raises key interest rate for first time in almost a decade" discussed the pronouncement of the Federal Open Market Committee ﴾FOMC﴿ to increase the Federal Funds rate. The decision came exactly seven years after the financial crisis in 2008 when the FOMC reduced its rates to near‐ zero level to prevent the economy from collapsing. The article described the move as signaling the beginning of the end of the Fed 's stimulus program and highlighted the Fed statement that the Fed intends to increase the rates gradually ...

The problem of immigration is now a very urgent for many countries. Acceleration of the process of globalization leads to a sharp intensification of migration flows. According to data of Office for National Statistics , the number of European immigrants in 2015 reached 180 000 people, it increased by 42 000 persons; the number of non-European migrants in Europe has exceeded 201,000 people, which is 36 000 more than in 2014. In Europe, there are already 32, 6% of all international migrants. The first place in the number of migrants in the European countries is Germany (10.8 million migrants), ...

Overview

There are several program learning outcomes for a Masters of Art in Education. By achieving these outcomes, the program prepares the graduates for the dynamic world of education with a diverse set of skills.

PLO 1: Instructional Planning for Learner Development

This learning outcome is recognition of the influence of different factors in the learning of an individual. Some of the implicated factors include the social factors, cognitive abilities, linguistic factors, physical patterns, and the emotional development of the learner. It is imperative that a teacher understands the influence of these factors on the learning process when planning for the approaches to instructions. This learning outcome ...

March unemployment down in most of Valley

Unemployment refers to the situation that exists when people who are actively seeking work are without work. The unemployment is measured using the unemployment rate, which is a measure of how prevalent unemployment is. This rate is calculated through the division of the number of people who are unemployed with the current number in the labor force. The unemployment rate is normally denoted as a percentage. The unemployment rate is normally measured after regular intervals such as monthly, quarterly, and semi-annually. In this article, the focus is on the fall in unemployment rates in the San Joaquin valley counties ...

Abstract:

Many experts argue that there needs to be high flexibility in the way in which the economic integration policies are set. This means that there will be a space for allowing speed and formulations of geometry, regarding the developing economies. There should not be such an integration which overlaps with the memberships in such organizations and contains varied objectives, keeping up with each one being a tough task to handle. The way in which a developing can choose the right global economic integration for itself is by making comparisons and distinctions between the comparative advantage of the preferences in ...

With the increasing ubiquity of the Internet, and the post-recession job market becoming increasingly unstable, part-time or freelance work is becoming more of the norm among many Americans (Elmore and Massey 109). One of the most prevalent jobs is in online freelance writing, which can be performed in a variety of capacities for all number of clients – from online article writing to advertising copy to a number of other contexts. Online freelance writers are a form of independent contractors who typically work from home or a space of their choosing, are self-employed, and work for private clients or for ...

The United States of America has remained as the top destination for immigrants because of the belief that the country can offer a new home, life and freedom they cannot get in their own home countries. Some would migrate to America because of the war, while there are a few seeking asylum from their respective governments or threats. Migrants come from all over the globe, especially in border countries such as the Latin American countries like Mexico. However, as the years progress, illegal immigration of immigrants, especially of Mexicans are increasing rapidly that raises the concern of many regarding the dangers ...

Social security/ protection means the presence of government and other policies focused on the management, prevention and resolving issues affecting the welfare of the society. They reduce vulnerability and poverty by the creation of a labor market that reduces the individuals’ risks. This paper will study the impact of social security on the labor market, with an emphasis on the gender balance there. Social security is a policy that combines social security and poverty reduction concerns. The social security has focused mostly on the poor (Kabeer 13). Therefore, women have been left out of those policies. Not all countries consider ...

Social justice existed in a society when the people of that community had an equal share in the way they were treated. That is, and everyone had a fair share of the resource allocation to the citizens. For instance, every region is equally developed in terms of hospitals, schools, social amenities, and road networks. It was not just the presence of these facilities, but the provision of quality services equitably to all the citizens is what made social justice a good practice (Chaffee, 2013). Quality housing, education and in addition, quality primary health care were considered a prerogative ...

Role of Federal Reserve

In the past few years, the Federal Reserve has come under increased scrutiny due to the financial crisis of 2007 – 2009. It has been criticized for lowering the interest rates, which resulted in cheaper mortgages, and thereby precipitating into a full blown financial crisis. Further, it has also been criticized for transforming itself into an investment vehicle, due to its role in quantitative easing, even though it helped in financial recovery. Historically, it has been Federal Reserve’s dual mandate to maintain the stability of prices and employment. That it does by varying its federal funds target, by ...

Introduction

Geico has designed several effective strategies in order to satisfy and retain its employees, because the job market is tight and there is a lack of the skilled employees. Such as Geico has introduced reward programs, promoted effective communication, and designed a website so that employees can get the information regarding programs and benefits that the company is offering.

In this paper the association of the total reward program with the Chapter 2 of the textbook, a strategy ensuring the plan of Geico addresses all benefits, the effectiveness of communication that is attached with Geico’s total reward programs, and the improvements ...

Introduction

Today, the internet is flooded with information, which is presented through podcast, videos, and blogs. Given the vastness of the information, it is imperative to be selective when using internet sources to research for information. Essentially, the internet source needs to possess some requirements before it can be accepted as a credible source. Besides, the availability of information on the internet has had a major impact in the comprehension of multiculturalism and global citizenship. In this paper, one video, one blog, and one podcast will be critiqued, and the impact of web-based sources for the understanding of multiculturalism will be analyzed.

Video

...

International Business – Outsourcing or Reshoring?

Introduction

Companies outsource their key processes to third parties for many years, but, perhaps, at the turn of the 21st century, the term “outsourcing” began to gain momentum. Around this time, the companies began to engage third parties to perform the work in other countries – a process known as offshoring – in large emerging markets. The process of offshoring has attracted political and public attention because of concerns that it is destructive to the internal labor market. In this regard, a process of reshoring (the return of production from abroad), but such factors as cost and efficiency of business ...

Introduction

There are numerous multinational enterprises (MNEs), which dominate the global market and operate in different regions, but proliferation of MNEs has existed for more than 200 years now. Initially, multinational enterprises represented a segment of direct foreign investments in various states as they did not form joint investments with local firms. However, with the introduction of globalization coupled market liberalization, MNEs have had an opportunity to expand their market niche and enhance efficiency and productivity; a move that has propelled them to become key players in the business arena. Although MNEs dominant global markets, they have experienced several global financial crisis ...

Hyman, Jeff, and Juliette Summers. "Lacking balance?: Work-life employment practices in the modern economy." Personnel Review 33.4 (2004): 418-429.

The article indicates that the United Kingdom has had light regulation to assist employees balance their work as well as domestic obligations. The employees find the approach appealing and the government finds it successful. Through empirical studies, the article has been able to challenge these assumptions and outcomes. Seven main problems linked to the current UK practice over work-life balance have been identified. One of the problems is related to the disproportion of adoption in different sectors as ...

Introduction

This paper has a sole aim to connect the features of a good training program in relation to other factors like the returns on investment and budgetary considerations in a profit maximizing business. The paper presents that a good training is conscious of the budget, the returns and has its focus on improving productivity and output of the employee base. Through researching on existing literature, this paper will aim to get a better clarification and understanding of the impact good training has on both the employee benefits and the company’s long run agenda.

Budgetary Considerations

Training bears various considerable influences on the finances of the ...

A healthy office environment is the main motivational factor behind both the workers and customers excitement to work in a business enterprise. A healthy office environment refers to a state where the working environment is up to the standards that does not infringe on the public well-being. The standards ensure that any office environment puts into account that the public health, safety at work, food hygiene, noise is to the minimal, the lighting systems are okay and the waste is properly disposed. The system also ensures that any possible environmental pollution is minimized and engages itself in the planting of trees, ...

Summary of the article

According to the author, there is a serious sickness in the US labor market at the present. Although about half millions jobs were created in the last one year, it was far below the rate of population growth. In addition, about 83% of these new jobs were temporary implying that they have not improved the labor market in the long run. For the last ten years, the number of people in full-time employment has continued to decline. The figure stood at 41% in 2000 and it has declined to 37% in 2013 (Macdonald 1).

This problem has long term implication ...

The effects of globalization on women should be assessed in light of multiple roles as the reproductive and productive labor, and their contribution towards community welfare and cohesion as well as in maintaining the social fabric in the society. Due to the deep-rooted differences in social-cultural expectations and gender roles, the effects of economic globalization are felt differently among men and women. These effects have been more distinct in third world countries than in the developing countries. The two major effects of economic globalization on women are: structural adjustment programs and social roles of women and trade liberalization (Thorin, ...

Introduction

Research show that there is a widening gap between the countries that have already developed and those that are still developing in regards to international sports participation (Fried, 2010). The gap is linked to various factors such as scarcity of physical training, shortage of funds, few sporting equipments and facilities as well as the notion that, developing countries have limited world- level presentation than the developed countries. Research also shows that developing countries encounter several barriers that influence sport participation. Such factors may include; religion, customs, language as well as the remains of colonialism in some sections of the world.

...

When the Federal Open Market committee met in September, information was released suggesting that the economic has expanded moderately in the past recent months. The unemployment levels remain high while the employment rate remains deprecated. The growth in business has decreased while household spending are increasing. It also revealed that inflation has picked up hence the increased energy prices. The Fed is, therefore, concerned that the economic growth may not be in a strong position, to improve the labor market conditions unless sufficient policies are implemented. They are also concerned that inflation will run under its 2% objective due to the ...

Summary

The material which is read this week applies to my personal and professional life to a greater extent. Considering the topic of economic rent, being a tenant I have personally experienced that the rent of the houses in the most desired and demanded locations is high. This is exactly I accordance with the economic rent principle which also describes that rent is high because of the high final product demand and the derived demand. Further, in my professional life I have experienced that that there is employee discrimination in a way that women are paid less than men, also they are not ...

Abstract

Economics is a subject that has its recognition in almost every walk of life. Inevitably, there is no single definition of the term “Economics” exist in the world, because every author has had defined the concept in somewhat different manner. Adam Smith is known as the Father of Economics (FOE) and according to his concept, “Economics is the study of wealth that deals with the buying and selling of products in total”

There are basically two types of economics predominantly comprised on microeconomics and macroeconomics and both of these provisions are important. According to the specifications, microeconomics ...

Over the years there has been a great nursing shortage or rather a great demand for nursing professionals which surpasses the current supply locally, nationally or globally. This is backed by national surveys from the Bureau of the Census, National Council of State Boards of Nursing, American Hospital Association and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. It is notable that the nursing service or profession is well diversified in order to meet a wide spectrum of health and needs. In the US there are core types of nurses Licensed Practical nurses or LPNs, Registered Nurses or RNs and Advanced practice registered nurses ( ...

Economists have identified three types of unemployment, which include frictional, structural and cyclical unemployment. Frictional unemployment occurs when workers leave their job in search of suitable jobs and the companies start looking for suitable workers. Economists are not worried about frictional unemployment because the searches by firms and workers to find more suitable matchups is beneficial for the economy (Sexton 265). This is so because frictional unemployment tends to be greater in times of low unemployment, when job opportunities are abundant in the labor market. This high level of job opportunity initiates mobility, which in turn creates frictional unemployment. ...

Strengths identified in the SWOT outline personal qualities compatible with recommended characteristics associated with successful financial risk analyst consultants:

- Adequate Distance – an expert risk analyst is able to merge disparate information, including factors that may be causing immediate conflict with a client’s strategic goals. As an external party hired to provide services and advisory, a consultant’s representation of an organization on a project can often clear the way for a company seeking investment and other contribution. - Closer – bring the project to completion so that the client may proceed with a strategy according to schedule is fundamental to meeting practice criteria. - Communicator – continuous and precise communications are priority for most organizations working with a financial ...

The labor market can be described as the market where willing workers offer their labor services and the employers find and utilize the services of the willing workers. The employers give the employees an opportunity to offer their services and reward the employees by paying them salaries as a form of compensation for their services. Different institutions hire employees in line with their line of business, the labor laws and regulations and their individual policies with regard to engagement of staff. The overall aim of the institutions is to have their business move forward by having successful initiation and completion ...

Question 1

At will employment is an American law which allows the termination of the employer-employee relationship without any liability thereafter. It should be protected because of various reasons. It gives the employee is freedom to strike, quite or cease working at any time without following any procedures. This makes the life of the employee very interesting in the work place for they are free to act according to their will. The employee is protected against being forced to act contrary to public policy. Employer cannot sue the employee for refusing to do what they consider to be immoral. The employee ...

Abstract

This study focuses on how education and the level of unemployment are related. In our daily activities, education has proved to be inevitable. Most of the knowledge acquired by people comes as a result of having education. Education is known to solve many problems in the world. That is one of the major reasons why it is treasured as a basic commodity in our daily activities. Education may be in two forms: formal and informal. These two types are distinct since they involve different methods of teaching. Formal education may involve going to modern schools in order to attain quality education. ...

As United States moves en route to knowledge based nation, access to higher learning has become significantly crucial. However, this process has been limited by unequal access to education from ethnic, and income based backgrounds. In addition, community based colleges have shifted their objective away from student preparation to BA institutions to propriety or vocational training (Harding, 2012).

The literature behind for profit colleges can be traced from 1976 by John Sperling, a teacher at San Jose State University. This was as a result of frustrations, and challenges that John experienced from having students with full time jobs (Breneman, Pusser and ...

- Based on the information given but in your own words, explain what approaches to recruiting might be best suited for Apple's talent acquisition.

There are several recruitment approaches that company use during their recruitment processes. One of the approaches is in-house recruitment through the human resource department. The department undertakes the entire process of advertising, interviewing and short listing qualified candidates. In some cases, the final decision on who gets employed is made by top level management who may not be part of the human resource team.

Companies can outsource the recruitment service to specialized recruitment firms through the recruitment process outsourcing. These are companies that specialize in recruiting individuals for a particular industry. Additionally, there are employment agencies that are either privately ...

Minimum Wage

Perhaps, the issue of minimum wage legislation is among the most controversial issues surrounding the labor market. In many a country, minimum wage is determined through collective bargaining rather than through the determination of the law. Instead of using statutory regulation in the determination of minimum wage, governments intervene by following an arbitration procedure. Minimum wage often covers employees engaged under private contract and employees in public enterprises. Categories of workers covered under the minimum wage include full-time workers, part-time workers, piece workers, casual workers, freelance workers, and agency workers. Minimum wage regulations gives exceptions to workers such as the ...

Cookbooks are products that are thought to create health problems to many people. As a result, the government has resulted in taxing the product as a way of reducing the consumption of the cookbooks. This type of tax is called sin tax. It is a tax that is usually imposed on products that are thought to be harmful to the people. Similar tax is levied on cigarettes and alcohol. When sin tax is levied, the supply of the cookbooks reduces. This is because the price increases hence the demand reduces because the consumers shift to other similar products. Therefore the producers are ...

Impact of the Global Financial Crisis

Abstract Increased globalization integrates the world markets for goods, services as well as labor. In that respect, the occurrences in one market have significant effects on the other markets. Thus, there increase in concern over the effects that aspects such as the global financial crises have on corporations’ performance and operations as well as on the labor market. The analysis focused on identifying the global financial crises’ impact on multinationals and the labor. In its findings, the analysis identifies that corporations with high dependence on credit are greatly affected by the crises unlike those with less need for ...

Interviewing Candidates for Employment

Businesses need to find the right fit for employment so that they can thoroughly fulfill their goals and objectives. In doing so, it is highly important to emphasize what it means to become part of businesses as employees through set strategies for recruitment and hiring. Interviewing candidates, which is an important part of the recruitment and hiring processes, must be a key consideration of businesses for success. Thinking and feeling about what applicants might think about businesses they are applying for as employees is crucial to the image-building aspect of businesses. At the same time, businesses must think about their ...

Pay discrimination occurs when people with the same qualification and experience have different pay levels. The most relevant pay discrimination we see today is what we call the gender pay gap or the pay discrimination between men and women. There is a misapprehension that the gender pay gap is closing fast. The 2003-2013 pay gap rate only proves that this issue would not end in another 124 years. In 2012, female workers made only 77 cents for every dollar their male counterpart earned. This is a startling reality in the modern world and women continue to be discriminated solely on the ...

The regulation of the labor market suggests the impact on labor demand and supply. The objects of regulation are the wages, working week and holidays, the procedure of hiring and dismissal, various kinds of social welfare and others. The main indicator of the labor market is wage, which is determined by summation of total cost of goods required for normal human activity. Changes in the level and amount of remuneration are in direct interaction with the changing supply and demand in the labor market. Summation of the whole demand of labor market resources at any price is considered to ...

Internationalization of the economy, on the one hand, and the uneven development of the countries on the other, led to the fact that labor migration has gained an unprecedented economic and political significance. The economic gap between the countries and the need to balance the geopolitical interests has influenced the migration flows in the developed countries. Over the past few decades, a steady labor migration has led to a new segmentation of the labor market and the allocation of jobs that are taken mainly by migrants. Global economic development is associated with marginalization of female caregivers, namely the tendency to ...

American Public University

Introduction The labor markets are an essential part of the economies where the demanders meet the workers selling their labor. Because the labor markets have a large number of workers and employees and the productivity has a high importance in terms of producing sustainability, the labor markets are close to being perfect competition markets. The main task completed by the labor markets is to determine the wage as a result of the negotiation between the workers and the employees. When the workers and the employees reaches an agreement on the market wage for certain of hours, any worker can find a job ...

Abstract

Many of the US companies are trying to enter international markets, outsource the manufacturing processes, and become international. Such activity needs certain knowledge from the company’s managers and all those colleagues that will participate in communications with the foreign partners. Spain has a very rich history and culture and therefore there are many aspects that US business people should learn before starting to work with Spanish partners, suppliers or customers. The economic situation, business etiquette and traditions in Spain are different from the US ones. This is mostly caused by the relaxed rhyme of life in this country and ...

Introduction

The issue of Poverty in the US has always been a highly political one with each passing generation viewing the problem differently. Poverty is a social problem but it has repercussions in economics, resource planning and aspects of psychology as well. While both urban and rural areas are affected by this problem, the issue gains more traction in the urban areas. Further, poverty has implications beyond economics since it also finds equal mention in fields as diverse as Sociology and Psychology. One must understand that conceptually the problem of poverty extends beyond just hungry masses that are unable to feed themselves. ...

Introduction

Inequality is known as the improved revenue variations through age brackets, gender, and deprived cluster. The individuals instinctively labeled a segment of individuals into an insignificant extent of socially established part, which is expected to remove their chance to contribute in the labor marketplace influencing their well-beings. There is a difference between inequality and insecurity, as the previous emerges in the job induction procedure and the forthcoming refers to the behavior of jobs that is unstandardized which ultimately impacts individuals’ well-beings. Insecurity is called the nervousness among different individuals when it comes to their salary, advantages, job security, and ability provisions ...

1. Abstract In this research paper the main value has been put to find out the specific indicators of the acuity of job security in a number of corporate sectors and businesses. The important data has been collected through Government Reports to make a relation between job security and the measures taken by Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) and Unemployment Insurance Benefit (UIB). In this paper the acuity of job security has to be found in both public and private job sectors by following data analysis. Also the condition of labor market has been taken under consideration to find the same. ...

Thesis

Years and years of racial discrimination have created the doubt that racial discrimination might not be the cause of the economic injustice. The article, Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market, focuses on the racial discrimination in the labor market. In this research paper, researchers have carried out field experiments, which give insight into the low wage market where discrimination against minorities and ex-offenders can be observed.

Methods

Herein, it should be noted that as per the analysis of the article, it came to the notice that the researchers have made use of the quantitative research method. The study has also derived ...

Introduction

Canada has over time been attracting a high number of immigrants each year. This number has also been increasing each year (Reitz, 2005). About 20% of the country’s population is made up of foreigners. Based on the data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the annual immigration flow of the country is now one of the highest among the OECD members. For example, in the year 2011, the country received some 249,000 new immigrants, which was more than the number it received in 2010 (281,000). The two main cited reasons for this immigration are job ...

Efficiency-wage theory states that the productivity of workers has a lot positive dependence on their wages. In a way, it explains the structural unemployment that is, to balance the supply and demand of labor, wages are set above the equilibrium wage. Labor union and other laws and regulations such as minimum-wage laws, also contributes to this phenomenon, and it also set on purpose to increase worker’s productivity. But this does not balance out the business cycle; the market does not clear and hence resulting into involuntary unemployment. There are several models that constitute this theory and explain its effect on ...

INTERNAL MIGRATION PHENOMENON AND URBANIZATION IN TURKEY

1. Introduction 1.1 Background Migration is a fact that plays an important role in the period of human history, such as tribal migration that is heavy human migration to Europe between 350-850 years. Migration was a turning point in the history for some empires or states. Migration means the movement of certain population from a specific territory to another. There are many consequences of migration such as social, economic, cultural and physiological factors. Migration is categorized into two parts namely internal and external migration. Internal migration refers to the movement of habitation within the state boundaries which involves cities or ...

The matters concerning gender socialization starts at birth and are experienced through the agents of socialization which include mass media, education, peer groups, and family. The repeated socialization that happens over a long period leads both the men and women into a false sense of acting naturally, rather than following the rules that have been socially constructed. Existence of gender stereotypes forms the basis prejudicial sexism and beliefs, which promote valuing of one sex over the other. Research shows that, in Russia, there is a wide wage gap, which is cannot be related to the lower qualifications of women compared to the ...

At various stages of human development the workforce performance was different. Primitive society was characterized by full employment, whereas, during the feudalism era, there was an absolute and relative agrarian overpopulation of free citizens, some of whom became soldiers, in order to do at least something. Under the conditions of frequent capitalism in the industrial stage of development, when market economy dominates in most of the countries, we have a new socio-economic phenomenon — army of unemployed. Unemployment is a complex socio-economic phenomenon in which the economically active population is unemployed.In a market economy, unemployment is a result of the interaction between labor ...

Introduction

Key Words: Education, African Americans, Minority Groups, Society

Historical Background of Education for African Americans

It is argued that education is a very important factor to success. This statement is true now and back in the days of slavery. Back then, schools were segregated along the lines of race. The distribution of public money was not done equitably. White schools received more public money than the black schools. This translated into the quality of education offered in the schools. Even more impeding was the fact that fewer African American people were enrolled into the schools. Black children were pulled out of school often to work on farms ...