Essays on Apartheid

Neill Blomkamp’s allegorical sci-fi action adventure District 9 manages to fit a number of trenchant themes and issues relating to technology and politics within its unusual structure and audacious tone. Depicting a fictionalized world in which a derelict alien ship floats above Johannesburg, South Africa, with its indigent alien population (colloquially called ‘prawns’) segregated into districts and marginalized by its people, District 9 uses its setting in a powerful way to present a startling critique of the African apartheid that occurred in the late half of the twentieth century. In addition to its social criticisms about apartheid and ...

Debate of Washington v. DuBois v. Garvey During the early 20th century the three famous African American leaders including, W. E. B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, and Marcus Garvey had compelling visions for the African American community. The reconstruction of the civil war did not come with the desired hope of the complete right of citizens to be free of slavery. In the 1980s a terrorist group known as the Ku Klux Klan played a significant role in realizing changes that were expected since they introduced racial segregation laws, lynching, and voting restrictions compromising the rights brought about ...

Institutional Racism towards Black Americans

Racism, as several experts describe, has been a way of life, for quite some time in the United States (Nesbit). The rise of the pre-colonial era, and immigrations, slavery and the way people drifted towards different shores in search of power can all be accounted to the present day situation that we face in America. While slavery and apartheid ended long before, what is left over is our own complicated melee of whites, blacks, and Asians, and many more races, in a mixed colorful bouquet, and yet, creating a lot of confusion in the minds of both people and ...

People often juxtapose their world to the world of nature. More and more often modern people, in contrast to those living in ancient times, express an opinion that they are masters on the earth and, therefore, have a right to exercise dominion over animals, plants, and nature on the whole. However, in most cases, people are just slaves of circumstances and of the environment in which they happen to exist. Disgrace, a Booker-prize winning novel by J.M. Coetzee (1999), is all about that coexistence of the two worlds – the world of nature and the world of people who want ...

Introduction

During the period 1877-1920, the United States underwent a period known as Reconstruction. Well, life for African Americans was not at all easy during this period. In as much as the recently freed African Americans did enjoy political and social equality, the South was regained by the self-proclaimed Democratic redeemers. As a result, Jim Crow racial segregation was instituted which led masses to move, known as the Great Migration. Much did change with regard to the life of African Americans, which begs for the question as to why they faced these challenges during this period of time.

Event 1-Racial Segregation

This event ...

Abstract

For decades, Afro-American have been facing higher incarceration, higher poverty rate and lower income in the United States as compared to White American. In every city of U.S, Afro-American face similar problem, although such problems are worse in some part of the state. The Afro-American in the city of Miami also face problems such mental illness, poverty, poor access to health services, crimes, accidents, violence and others which impact their way of life negatively. Mental health is linked to socioeconomic status as the people who are homeless, or have the problem of substance abuse have a higher risk of ...

Abstract

Martin Luther King Jr., is among the greatest civil rights leaders that the world has ever had. Throughout his life he was able to portray various characteristics of a good leader. In cases that an individual is able to study the way Dr. King carried out his activities and the various issues that he took into consideration before making a decision would really help to mold an individual into an ideal leader that the world would be proud to have. In addition, to this, the various challenges that he faced as he made his decisions and the various barriers ...

The qualities of leadership that make one individual a great leader and another individual an ineffective one are not absolutely fixed. Depending on the time in question, the situation and the person who is leading, the qualities that an individual will need to have as a leader in order to be effective can vary significantly. At the same time, it can be useful to examine those qualities in historical leaders of the past so as to glean whatever lessons are possible from their approach and their accomplishments. The following will consider the leadership qualities of Moses, Martin Luther, Pres. ...

The history of African Americans is an essential part of the whole history of the United States. Starting from the sixteenth century and the beginnings of slavery, Blacks had experienced a lot of struggles and had traveled the long path in order to achieve the social and political equality with western people. During their presence in the United States, they underwent a lot of events that contributed to their rise, supported their pride, and highlighted their racial identity. This paper aims to discuss four of such events and to analyze their mutual influence and significance for the establishment of ...

The African American Civil rights movement was a series of social and political protests whose aim was to bring to an end discrimination and racial segregation. Also, the social movement sought to secure the legal recognition and the protection of the African Americans by the federal government. The leadership of the Civil rights movement comprised of the African-Americans and selected Politicians. The labor union and religious groups were instrumental in financing and the organization of various activities of the social movement (Jamie 2). According to the African-American movement was a grassroots outfit since most of the activities were organized ...

Women and gender studies

Gender studies - the practice of interdisciplinary research using the cognitive capabilities of the social theory of sex (gender) for the analysis of social phenomena and its changes. The psychoanalyst Robert Stoller worked at the University of California he has introduced into science the term "gender" in 1958, which means social manifestations of belonging to a sex or a "social sex". In 1963, Robert Stoller spoke at a psychoanalytic congress in Stockholm. He presented a report on the gender self-awareness. His concept was based on the separation into biological and culture study of sex. The scientist believed that sex ...

Sarafina the movie

It is true, we should treat everyone as an equal, when we demand respect for ourselves. Speaking of “Sarafina” the movie, we see problems of black people in the USA in the 1980s. The main character is a schoolgirl Sarafina who dreams of becoming a star, but realizes, she cannot achieve this, without being free. We observe a racy nation, loving and supporting each other, suffering from injustice. Their dances are original and sometimes wild. Their songs combine sadness and energy, hope and love. Their language is unique; and the people are not ashamed of it (McKinney). The nation ...

The American Version of Apartheid

Like apartheid in South Africa, the segregation and disenfranchisement laws known as the Jim Crow laws affected every aspect of life of African Americans living in the American South from the 1890s until the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement began reversing the system of laws that turned blacks into second-class citizens. The term Jim Crow is an insulting slang for a black man. “Jim Crow” originally referred to a character in an old song and was the name of a popular dance in the 1920s. Around 1928, Thomas Daddy Rice began dressing in old clothes, painted his face ...

Aurthor

Set in the backdrop of the freedom marches that used to recur in Birmingham, Alabama, against racial segregation, the poem “Ballad of Birmingham” is a simple and direct account of the 1963 bombing at 16th street baptist church that killed 4 young girls and injured many others (history, 2016). Instead of seeking the support of refined poetic words to make this portrayal exquisite, Dudley Randall had opted simplicity over complexity to reach out to as many readers as possible. Using the rhythmic flow of a ballad (generally referred to as Ballad meter) the poet has made the poem worthy ...

Never a spontaneous phenomenon, racism seems sparked often as an ideological view. Unlikely though it may sound, the white liberal government instituted what continued for over 40 years. Characterized by segregation and violence in response to any opposition, the order came to its end. While in the transitional period, the country established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission for the restoration of national unity. Obviously, national reconciliation is possible only through racism eradication since it is racial bias that is at the root of the national disunity and bellicosity. Much as the commission utilized a number of tools towards this ...

Modern instances of racism are rather subtle and usually harder to completely analyze from what the victim recounts later. It ranges from a tinge of scorn from the clerk at the usual supermarket to the stench of serious human rights violation by the police. The concept that these acts of racism are isolated and does not signify any underlying pattern was vehemently upheld by many men and women of authority until recently. But as of today, they stand corrected. Even from a passive standpoint, after hearing from a number of such victims, we have come to accept that this ...

How the conflict played out

Foundations of the civil rights movement were defined by the fight and struggle of the African Americans for equal and full rights as full citizens (like the white Americans) of the United States of America in the 1950's. Africans were subjectively discriminated and denied fundamental rights such as education, health, democratic voting, and even recreational facilities such as restaurants. This inequality and discrimination founded on racial differences compelled the victims of the vice to initiate various mechanisms in a bid to quash it out of their land. They involved themselves in demonstrations and negotiations to counter the problems. The ...

The institutional affiliation

Nelson Mandela is considered to be one of the few statesmen who have achieved almost universal respect around the world and within the political elite. Mandela’s “exceptionalism” was in his ability to motivate people to reconcile, to be patient and tolerant to each other. Believing that one day the good would prevail all the bad in the humanity, his way of thinking became a great role model for achieving justice where human rights were abused (Schoenmaker, 2014). Nelson Mandela was a dedicated leader who had the capacity to sacrifice his own interests for the sake of the national ...

Alexander argues that black Americans who face mass incarceration through the war on drugs do not feel the gains of the civil rights movement. She equates this to the new Jim Crow era since the old Jim Crow era is long gone even if its principles live on. The old Jim Crow laws placed the African American in subordinate status, which manifests in modern day justice system (Alexander, 2010 p.21). She uses this analogy to analyze various issues facing African Americans and proves that racial segregation and class segmentation exists. This paper focuses on analyzing her argument and placing ...

Golub, Mark. "Plessy as "Passing": Judicial Responses to Ambiguously Raced Bodies in Plessy v. Ferguson." Law & Society Review, 39, no. 3 (2005): 563-600.

Synopsis

Homer Plessy’s decision to purchase a ticket as a white man, and to later confess that he is indeed black, was part of “a test case” conducted by the Creole community of New Orleans. As per the terms of the Louisiana Separate Car Act of 1890, Caucasians and persons of African descent were subject to traveling in different railway cars to serve the purposes of racial segregation. In the article, Golub quotes Plessy’ ...

It is disheartening to observe two nations that underwent significant changes in the last century failed to capitalize on their reforms for the penal systems. South Africa declared itself of free of apartheid rule and yet finds its indigenous population reeling under the present government. The German model for reforms was on track until the political pressures overtook it (Cavadino, Cavadino, and Dignan, 2005). The cry is for stricter laws against criminals and yet, they are unable to follow the examples of the Netherlands or learn from the mistakes made by the United States. The South African people still ...

Introduction

Ever since the emergence of theatre as a form of art, it has remained on of the most popular and expressive genres of art that continue to entertain as much as it informs. This is perhaps because for many years, theatre has been used as a social mirror of sorts; one that allows the audience as well as the performers to view the society in which they live for what it is. The ability of playwrights to craft magnificent and compelling theatrical pieces that highlight the plight of the societies in which they live arguably makes playwrights one of ...

Introduction

While talking about American Revolution, Montgomery bus boycott is a major revolution that cannot go unmentioned. Montgomery bus boycott was a civil rights movement inclined to a seminal event. The boycott was to push the government of the United States of America to treat people equally, regardless of their race and color of their skin. The primary activities of the campaign took place between December 5, 1955, and December 20, 1956. It was during this time that the black Americans fought segregation policy, and finally, the High Court abolished the law.However, there are previous activities that substantially contributed to ...

Introduction

Kate Stone is a known young southern woman who was involved in warfare during the civil war period. Women during the civil war witnessed a change in cultural and social structures. The civil war is viewed as an important turning point on the role of women in the society and the history of the United States. When women were left behind to take care of children while men went to war, a need emerged for women to quickly join the military. As a result, class lines and attitudes towards the war fell away. Women realized the need to take ...

Segregation in the South during the 1960s And 1970s

Abstract Segregation in the south was mainly by race and resulted to distinctions with regards to income, education, residence, and employment. Segregation in the south brought forth the ancient and even recent societal and organizational segregation. Segregation took many forms including, gender segregation, residential segregation, employment segregation and even educational segregation among other types. Some actions which portrayed the highest degree of these segregation included Africans enslavement in huge plantations, involuntary blacks emigration, forced relocations to reserves, the internment of minorities including the Japanese Americans, setting up of immigrant enclaves and forced displacements among other actions which were inhumane. ...

After the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968, the Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Schneider (2014) affirms that Fair Housing Act (FHA), was purposely applied to curb discriminatory housing patterns which were encouraging and upholding racial segregation and in the discrimination in the sale and rental of housing based on race, color, religion, and national origin. Schneider (2014) addresses that in 1974, gender was included as a protective class under the Act, intensifying the prohibitions of the act to the treatment and harassment of individuals on the gender perspectives. Nonetheless, the Fair Housing Act ...

The small island nation of Cuba has been the site of socialist revolution for the second half of the 20th century. The revolution aimed at granting equal access to nation’s resources to all its people and ambitiously marched to produce a just society free from class, race and gender differences. Its alliance with the communist super power of Soviet Union was not appreciated by its immediate neighbor and Soviet’s rival, the capitalist super power of United States. US reacted by placing a trade embargo on Cuba, a policy which severely affected its market prospects. As a result ...

William Kentridge (South African artist)

William Kentridge is a famous South African artist who draws and erases with charcoal. What is interesting about him is that he records his compositions at each stage and creates a video projection of the re-worked source drawings. This makes his aesthetic concerns linked intimately with the descriptive power of his work. There is a palpable tension in his quiet works because of the brutality of the content. Kentridge shows his concerns of post-Apartheid South Africa with an unparalleled lyricism in his compositions 1. Kentridge is a filmmaker and sculptor too and has been heavily involved in theatre. One ...

I chose the era from 1941 until 1970. The period that can be framed with 1941 and 1970 is the time when the Second Great Migration of African Americans happened in the United States. Most African Americans travelled from the South to the North or to the northern part of either coast. Their destinations were chiefly big industrial cities so that they could be employed in industrial spheres. In their search for a better life, however, discrimination still haunted them in any part of the country back at that time. It was expressed not only in denial but also ...

Nelson Mandela was the first president of the Republic of South Africa elected in fully democratic elections. He served as president from 1994 to 1999. Before his presidency he was an outstanding fighter against apartheid and African National Congress (ANC). He was convicted and imprisoned for participating in an underground armed struggle. Mandela was a supporter of peaceful way of solving problems, although in the beginning of his political struggle armed resistance was the only effective type of fighting the regime.

How much powerful is the leader? What makes him powerful?

Nelson Mandela is a prominent leader. He decided to serve his term in prison rather than submit himself ...

U.S. Public Education U.S. Public Education The U.S. public education system is under scrutiny in recent years. This scrutiny is informed by deeper issues of race, social justice and in more recent years, rising classicism. The debate over education, particularly public education, has gained further significance (as is evident in current presidential race) given how education has become critical in recent years for social mobility, a central ethos in U.S. culture. Given a long history of racial segregation, black students continue to experience different modes of visible and invisible segregation in U.S. public education system. In earlier periods, black ...

Discussion and Application of “The Other Wes Moores”

Choice and expectations are among the factors that determine the path that a person takes in life. In everyday life, human beings have to make certain choices that determine the path they take from when they make the choices. A choice according to Wes Moores does not guarantee a good outcome; the credibility and how genuinely one makes the choices determine the direction it provides. In a lecture, Wes Moores said that the choice one makes greatly matters and in many cases, the second chance given is mainly the last chance. The author also added that the expectations make ...

It is known that the prejudice (bias) is attitude which prevents adequate perception of the message or action. Usually a person does not realize or does not want to recognize his prejudice and considers his relation to the object of prejudice as a result of objective and independent evaluation. Prejudice can be a consequence of hasty and unfounded conclusions based on personal experience (social stereotype), as well as the result of uncritical assimilation of standardized judgments adopted in a particular social group (prejudice). It is often used to justify misdeeds. Carol Adja and Gabriella Lazaridis in their article Migration, ...

Alignment of the single-sex admission policy of Virginia Military Institution (VMI) aligns with the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was the issue raised in United States v. Virginia. VMI has been an all-male institution since its inception in 1839. In deciding that the single-sex admission policy of VMI violated the equal protection clause, the majority opinion relied on ‘intermediate scrutiny’ test applied in the prior case of Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan. In the Hogan case, the Court employed the ‘intermediate scrutiny’ test, but applied this in terms of the ‘exceedingly persuasive justification’ standard. The standard ...

The struggle for equality in the United States never ceased for some activists championing the rights of African Americans. They advocated for equal access to education and representation in the state and the federal government. Various organizations were formed during the early twentieth century to combat racism and fight for civil rights. These organizations had missions that guided their agenda and had influential leaders who fought tirelessly to ensure that the agenda was met. The Niagara Movement was one of those organizations. It was formed in 1905, by W.E.B Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. The name signified a ...

Abstract

One of the most significant milestone that has been done for the United States’ civil rights platform is enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These rights were enacted on July 2nd, 1964. It is through these rights that the rights of civil servants in the United States were assured of protection against such discriminations based on their sex, race, and religion, place of origin or color of their skin. This paper will in detail examine the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The paper will in detail elaborate on the meaning and significance of the Act as well ...

The Road to Brown documentary describes major events of the 20th century that helped to end up racial segregation in the American South. It is a story on how African Americans managed to legally pave the way to equal educational opportunities and, thus, contributed to the death of Jim Crow era. Charles Hamilton Houston, a legendary black lawyer and the first black editor of the Harvard Law Review, is a central figure of The Road to Brown (The Road To Brown). He is presented as a mastermind of this anti-segregation movement due to a brilliant strategy he developed and ...

Globalization is termed as a process that fosters the interconnectedness of the world by its people and places by way of the convergence of their politics, economies as well as their cultural activities (Rowntree, Lewis, Price, & Wyckoff 4). Far flung areas have become increasingly connected thanks to the modern technologies that have been developed in recent years. Globalization has often helped change the mindset of different societies depending on the issues at hand. In the context of The Long Walk to Freedom, a movie depicting the issues affecting apartheid South Africa; the viewer is drawn into the intrigues that ...

People will always go to great lengths to avoid seeing the truth. People view the world in a prejudiced manner that allows them to see what they want to see rather than what they should see. Invisibility is a major theme in Ellison’s book “Invisible Man.” In the book, the narrator illustrates his invisibility in a bid to find his own identity as a black person in an era where racial segregation was rife in America. The narrator decided that the world lacks people of credibility and is only filled with blind men who cannot judge him for ...

When a Ferguson grand jury declines to charge policeman Darren Wilson for murdering Michael Brown, Ta-Nehisi Coates watches as his son Samori walks into his bedroom and cries. Michael Brown is a young African American boy who was unarmed when he was shot by the police officer in Missouri. Ta-Nehisi Coates is a national correspondent for The Atlantic, a winner of the National Book Award and a recipient of the MacArthur “Genius Grant” 2015. Between the World and Me is a critical response he writes to his son that explains and details his experience of racism in the United ...

The Decline and Fall of Apartheid: National, Regional, and Global Factors

Introduction The struggle for independence in the Republic of South Africa was weakened by certain policies and directives that were passed on by the then ruling Afrikaans. Apartheid was the biggest obstacle that these freedom fighters were to face. It was characterized by racial segregation that gave preference to the white people while the black people were not viewed as equals. Racial segregation was seen in many other areas such as health care facilities, schools and places of work such as mines where the black people were forced to work. The Apartheid regime came to an end and allowed ...

Influential People: Lena Horne and Salma Hayek

Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was an African American woman famous as an actress, singer, dancer, and civil rights activist. Starting her career as a nightclub performer, Horne moved to Hollywood where she obtained small roles in numerous movies. As a result of her political activism, Horne was blacklisted and therefore she could not work in Hollywood further. Subsequently, she performed in nightclubs and on television before starring in a one-woman show, ‘Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music’. Horne was also prominent for her active involvement in the Civil Rights movement. She worked actively against racial segregation demanding the ...

Theoharis demonstrates the three interesting perspectives of Civil Rights through the life Mrs. Rosa Parks. Mrs. Park involvement in political actions was to liberate the African Americans who were undergoing several injustices. Evidence from Theoharis’s book “The Rebellious life of Mrs. Rosa Parks” indicate that Mrs. Park faced humiliation because of her race and gender. Ideally, Mrs. Park was a great worker who embraced justice in numerous local organizations in Montgomery and Alabama. In the South, African Americans faced several injustices such as arrests and unnecessary beatings by the law enforcing officers. Interestingly, activists were harassed and threatened ...

Martin Luther King was a prominent social activist and Baptist Minister who led the African-American Civil Rights Movement in the twentieth century America from the 1950s to the 1960s. He is also known for his oratory skills that came out clearly in his famous speech, “I Have a Dream” which he gave at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. For his role in combating racial inequality in the US, King was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the youngest person to have ever received the coveted prize. His parents were Alberta Williams King and Martin Luther King, Sr. ...

RACE THE POWER OF AN ILLUSION

Episode III: The House We Live In Transcript Available: http://www.pbs.org/race/000_General/000_00-Home.htm (Go to: "About the Series," then "Episode 3: The House We Live In," then click on Get Transcript.)

Video Viewing (Essay Responses)

1. prior to the 1952 removal of the racial requirements for naturalization: (A) Who was and who was not allowed to become a naturalized citizen? Answer. Prior to 1952, naturalization was allowed without any limitations for free white citizens, white Europeans and was approved for the African American citizens on the basis of votes and respective decisions from the jury comprising of all white Americans. Other colored-skin races like Asians, Fillipinos, ...

(Word Count: 2794)

SPORTS LOGOS AND RACISM

Racism has been a sensitive issue in the United States since the formation of the nation. Although the American Revolution brought some significant changes to the ‘racist culture’ of the country, racial discrimination and harassment is still a crucial issue in the United States. Though U.S is commonly connected with the issue of racial abuse in mass media, racism is a widespread issue across the globe. Racial segregation exists in sport sector too and this scenario markedly degrades the values of sport. Many scholars opine that sport has ever been a platform for ethnic majorities (specifically ...

Introduction

Residential patterns have been hypothesized to affect intergroup relations. Various research studies have been conducted to establish the holding power of this hypothesis. One of the very basic approach to the studies of residential patterns and their effects on intergroup relations has been the assertion that the residential patterns result in prejudiced intergroup relations. Prejudice, in this case, refers to negative beliefs, feelings, and action orientations regarding a certain group of people. Further, research studies have also underscored the assertion that prejudice is a result of social learning, and it gets transmitted through folklore and; hence, gets supported by ...

Howard Zinn

The film is about Howard Zinn inspiring the new generation. The film is also about the life of a well-known activist, historian and author right from childhood to adulthood. He also brings out aspects such as racial segregation, civil disobedience and poverty that had set camp in their home. The most important thing that struck me while watching the film was how Howard acquired the passion to reading books. His first book was the one he picked on the streets by the title Tarzan. It is from this book that his interest in reading and writing began. He also ...

Introduction

Martin Luther King Jr., Henry David Thoreau, and Malcolm X assisted in shaping the current American society that is made of the blacks and whites. For Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, they seemed to be preaching two opposing sides of politics of the blacks. Martin called upon nonviolent ways of resisting the white domination while Malcolm insisted on any available means that were necessary for bringing the liberation to the black community. As a result, Malcolm has always been misrepresented as ‘black Klu Klux Klan’ that was a group which consisted of racial extremists. Henry David Thoreau, on ...

“Disgrace” by J.M. Coetzee is among the first if not the only one with the setting of post-Apartheid Africa. From the time it was first published, it has brought about so much controversy that drew both political and emotional responses from readers and critics all over the world. Several individuals have openly condemned the novel and termed it as deceiving and racist while others ironically appreciated its author for painting post-apartheid South Africa as an anxious and comfortless place. But still, many, if not every one have to agree that Coetzee brilliantly incorporated quite a number of themes through ...

Beginning

“Race itself is a slippery social concept which is paradoxically both “obvious” and “invisible.”” – writes Michael Omi in his article In Living Color: Race and American Culture (Omi 627). And I cannot but agree with this quotation. In modern world race became an indicator of how one or another should treat a person and provides some clues concerning his or her life, social status. Unfortunately, it can also evoke some stereotypical views and beliefs and create a falls perception of a person. Nowadays the issue of racial segregation is still number one problem in our multicultural society. From time ...

DDL

What are the strengths and weaknesses of “structural” and “cultural” explanations of urban disorganization and unrest? With the development of the society, urban unrest and disorganization has become a huge concern for every community member. Now, sociologists have concluded two explanations for the outbreak of urban unrest and disorganization: structural and cultural or social. Both of these two arguments have their strengths and weaknesses. This essay will discuss both the strengths and weaknesses of two arguments. Before talking about the explanation, disorder is the key concept for understanding the whole essay. Disorder is a nebulous topic that has been ...

Abstract

This report shows timeline of South Africa and also describes how historical events have shaped the country today. A particular emphasis has been placed on explaining the outcomes of apartheid and racial conflicts on economic conditions.

South Africa preserves one of the earliest and most complete records of human evolution, dating back to 3 million BC. 4th century – Migration of humans, joining indigenous Khoikhoi and San people. 1497 - Vasco da Gama’s crews lands on Natal coast in South Africa.

1652 – Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch East India Company, set up the Cape Colony.

(See Appendix A - Early Migrations)

1795 - British seize the Cape Colony.

1860-1911 – Thousands of traders and laborers arrive from India 1880-81 – European farmers ( ...

Dear _____________

I have just finished reading a short story called The Lottery. At first, I assumed the story was the one written by the famous American writer known as Shirley Jackson. However, it was an entirely different story but one that ends in death just the same. While the story was well written, I did not like it so much. The content of the story made me feel helpless like the child who is narrating the story. Reading about the lynch mob and knowing the result of such crowds means someone will die without every getting a proper court trial. ...

Introduction

The book “Country of My Skull” has been written by Antjie Krog, who strives to include her own as well as other individuals’ stories about the creation, development, and conclusion of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The truth and reconciliation commission was in charge of uncovering past wrongdoings in Africa and was established to bring the perpetrators and criminals to justice. The books have been the center of much debate as the author has not followed any clearly defined chronological order but rather, the fragments of the testimonies of survivors, victims, and criminals have been included. History, personal ...

Nelson Mandela is one of the most recognizable symbols of the human rights movement in the XX century - a man whose devotion to the cause of freedom of his nation inspires human rights defenders around the world. Future ardent fighter for freedom was born in a small village on 18 July 1918. At birth, the boy was given the name Rolihlahla, which in translation from Xhosa language means, "ripping off tree branches," or simply "mischievous". Rolihlahla Mandela became the first in the family, who went to school. His first teacher gave him English name – Nelson. He received primary ...

Education Segregation in the United States

Education is a critical component of a country’s future, and the quality of a country’s citizens determines the level of prosperity its community will enjoy. In multicultural societies emerging in the modern world, there exist variables among citizens that limit their access to education. An advanced country should have in place an education system that offers all children the chance to a quality education. Nonetheless, many advanced countries education systems displays weaknesses that inhibit the ability of some students to acquire a meaningful education. Kozol examines this situation in his article, ‘From Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’ ...

Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee

The history of the Republic of Namibia informs more about its peaceful foreign relations than its conflicting nature. Although the country had its part of political and territorial confrontations in the recent past, it is currently an independent state, member of international unions and in close and active relations with its neighbors. The Republic of Namibia was under German occupation since 1884 up until the termination of the World War 1, when it was passed under South Africa’s control, which imposed its apartheid policy. Nevertheless, during the times of the foreign occupations, the Republic of Namibia faced a ...

Racial segregation was a big problem in the U.S than it is now especially in the south. Everything from the hotels, waiting rooms, restaurants, schools and even the military were either for the whites or blacks but they never shared. The blacks were stopped from voting in the ruling that was made in the cases of Plessey v. Fergusson and William v. Mississippi (1896).The blacks were intimidated by introducing the poll tax and the formation of the Ku Klux Klan that was mandated in killing the blacks. Even the police and the legal system supported the racial discrimination. ...

When black South Africans lived under harsh conditions of apartheid imposed by white people, the rest of the world had little knowledge of what was going on in South Africa. In his short story, “Mrs. Plum,” Es’kia Mphahlele confronts this ignorance by describing a typical life record of a black servant, Karabo, working for a white madam, Mrs. Plum, in a segregated environment of the white Greenside in the suburbs of Johannesburg. Mphahlele attempts to create a full immersion of his readers into the everyday routine of South African residents by showing the reality through the eyes of Karabo rather than ...