Amino Research Papers Samples For Students

Background

Early scientists and nutritionists believed that the most vital nutrient in living organisms, for building and maintaining the body was the protein. The role of proteins as enzymes came into existence several years later. This was around 1926 when experiments showed that enzymes were proteins. Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced. Hemoglobin was the first structure of proteins to be resolved. Myoglobin was then resolved later.

X-ray diffraction analysis (X-ray crystallography) led to the determination of the structure of the proteins (three-dimensional structure). The purification of proteins can be made possible from cellular compounds. Several methods have ...

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated at transcriptional, post transcriptional and translational levels (Tomizawa,  Lekstrom-Himes, and Xanthopoulos 17). Transcriptional control is the primary means of regulating gene expression. Eukaryotic transcriptional control functions at three levels: modulation of the activities of activators and repressors; variations in chromatin structure; and effect of activators and repressors on assembly of initiation complexes (Lodish et al. 368).
Regulation of transcription initiation is the most widespread form of gene control in eukaryotes. However, in some cases, transcription may be attenuated and regulated at subsequent steps, such as during or after the transcription process (Cooper ...

As athletes, physicians, sports professionals, and the general public continue to search for the most effective diet for nutrition and physical development, high protein diets have emerged as a viable alternative for many people. However, there are disagreements about how to define a “high protein diet” (Tipton). Touted for many years, the Atkins Diet initially allows no calories from carbohydrates and moves into a maintenance regimen of only meat and vegetables (Westman, Phinney and Volek). The Paleo Diet has emerged as a similar recommendation of organ meats, fruits, vegetables, and nuts while excluding grains, sugar, dairy, and legumes (Tarantino, ...

In generic sense of the term, a "genetically modified organism" is a living organism whose genome has been altered artificially. This understanding includes all the possible ways of modifying the genetic information, from crosses method for genetic engineering tools. From a legislative point of view, a large number of countries and organizations use a more restrictive definition in reference to that specified in the Cartagena Protocol, which means "living modified organism" "any organization living with a novel combination of genetic material. " However, this definition is not universally recognized. Some countries, including the United States, do not make this use ...

1. Balance Diet and Physical Activity against Obesity and Hypertension
The most essential way to prevent hypertension for those who are prone to obesity, and certainly for obese people - is the fight against excess weight. When we reduce the body mass by 1 kilogram - blood pressure decreases by 1 millimeter of mercury regardless of the original pressure level.
There are only two ways to lose weight: a diet regime and an increased physical activity. But it is important to immediately warn against fasting that is very dangerous for health. It is possible only under the supervision of ...

Growth performance of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Lampam) fry feeding different protein content diets

Introduction
Lampam or Tinfoil Barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is categorized under the family of Cyprinidae that is an important freshwater fish mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas including Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra. It is found in rivers and lakes with a pH ranging from 6.5 and 7.0 and the temperature ranging from 20.4 to 33.7ºC. The average weight of Lampam is 200 - 600 g and its size range between 10 and 25 cm. It is estimated that if a specific diet is provided Lampam may reach a size of 30 centimeters and its weight may exceed ...

Introduction

Until recently, genetic foods have become popular for their ability to address many production and quality issues faced by natural/organic farming methods. Genetically modified crops are those whose genetic makeup has been improved to enhance the level of nutrients, resistance to diseases, increase yields, adaptability to climatic factors, and reduce the time of production (Ronald & Adamchak, 2008). It is different from the conventional breeding because genetic modification allows introduction of genes from any organism (animal and plants) in altering crops whereas breeding allows transfer of genes across related species only.
On the other hand, organic farming is a natural ...

Background

Wound healing is one of the most important processes in maintaining the health of a person. Multiple factors affect wound healing in humans regardless of age. A partial list includes diabetes, hereditary healing disorders, obesity, drugs, alcoholism, smoking and compromised immune condition. Infection, stress, nutrition, and radiation therapy can also contribute to delayed or incomplete wound healing (Guo & DiPietro, 2010).
In the start of a wound, an inflammatory response is initiated. Blood vessels expand, helping white blood cells and nutrients to reach the wound. Wound healing is achieved through the processes of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Proper sequence ...

Homeostasis refers to any self-regulating process by which biological systems attempt to maintain stability despite changes in the external and internal environment (Sturmberg & Martin, 2013). Biological systems interact with each other to maintain a suitable condition of the internal environment for the survival of the living organism. The biological systems of the living organism are in a state of constant change.
The regulation of the systems within a given range of various conditions helps to keep the living organisms alive and healthy. The systems also interact with the external environment in different ways. The conditions of the external environment ...

Abstract

This paper discusses how exercise stimulates the release of growth hormone. Older people tend to have lower levels of the hormone. As a result, mechanisms have been formulated to help deal with the deficiency which includes inducing the growth hormone into the individual’s body. This, therefore, leads to the discussion of the exact mechanism through which the growth hormone facilitates exercise, maintains growth and repair of worn out muscles or even reverses the aging process among the aged. Also, the functions of IGF-I binding proteins during exercise and its importance in aiding the release of the GH is ...

INTRODUTION

Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) is an enzyme that plays a significant role in the metabolism of dopamine (DA) and amounts to approximately 60% or more of DA breakdown in the frontal cortex . The gene expressing the COMT enzyme could affect cognition and functioning of the brain via its action on dopaminergic function. A polymorphic variation occurs in the coding area of the COMT gene (a Guanine to Adenine replacement), changing the amino acid from valine (Val) to methionine (Met) at the codon position 158 (Val158Met) and consequently influencing the thermal tolerance and stability of the enzyme. Allelic discrepancies in enzyme ...

“Too much milk may be bad for your health” is an article made by Dennis Thompson which tackles about the side effects of excessive drinking of milk. According to him, “calcium in milk can help strengthen bones and prevent osteoporosis”. As such, many individuals, including adults, drink milk due to the benefits it may bring. However, excessive drinking may lead to serious health complications which might endanger their life. According to the new study, adults who drink three or more glasses of milk each day have higher possibilities to incur fatal diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular malfunctions (Thompson). ...

Nutrition

The data contained in this paper will be for two portions of scrambled eggs each weighing 100 grams. It was established that the two portions had a total of 2.104 of saturated fatty acids, 4.678g of monounsaturated and 3.556g of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The two portions had 554mg of cholesterol. The lipids contained were 11.2g, protein content 26.2g and carbohydrate content was 15g.

The food item has 270kcal. The most common vitamin found in this food item is choline. The most common mineral is sodium followed by potassium with 324 and 294 mg respectively. The food does not contain any ...