Behavior Analysis Research Papers Samples For Students

Abstract

Shaping is the process used to develop a terminal behaviour through reinforcing its successive approximations systematically and differentially. Successive approximations refer to the building blocks of the eventual behaviour. Shaping is applied in various contexts that can range from using shaping to teach children how to use contact lenses, how behaviour analysis can influence people with intellectual disabilities. Also, it used to study the performance track of athletes, and how to eliminate autism in children. Moreover, shaping is also applicable in helping people quit smoking and teach self-initiated toileting among children. The authors provide various agreements to advance their research, ...

The use of punishment in the modification of behavior has been used for a long time. However, it has attracted different views with some people being against the use of punishment especially in the management of self-injurious behavior due to the severe injuries associated with the practice. This essay will discuss the use of self-injurious behavior inhibiting system in the management of self-injurious behavior and the ethical issues surrounding the process.

Introduction

Punishment is defined as a change in the environmental change depending on behavior, which results to a reduction in responding over time (Lerman & Vorndran, 2002). Other ways of reducing the response ...

Abstract

Operant conditioning refers to the process of behavior learning in which an individual receives external stimuli that can affect learning outcomes. The term was first used by Skinner, even though Watson and Thorndike already understood the procedures of operant conditioning, with the exception of continuous stimuli that were first applied by Skinner. The five procedures that explain the types of stimuli that can affect human behavior include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, and extinction. In practice, operant conditioning is used to teach behavior to children, modify behavior in psychotherapy patients, and eliminate old or introduce new ...

Campus Violence and Policies of Primary and Secondary Schools in Michigan

It is pertinent to note that violence has evolved from just targeting students. It could sometimes involve school staff and even the school administration. The issue of violence and disciplines are often addressed as a unit, but there should be different ways of dealing with both cases because more often than not, violence often overtakes disciplines issues and needs further investigations and probing (School Safety and Violence, 2016). Acts of violence are often common, and they could occur repeatedly. Despite the severity of violence, school administrators often ignore them, in some cases, it often goes unreported, hence, increasing the ...

In the following essay, we shall discuss a neurodevelopmental disorder and a neurocognitive disorder. Neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum disorders constitute a wide variety of diseases that mainly translate into behavioral deficit in children affected by it. Autistic children often show reduced social skills and being a heterogeneous spectrum no two patients are exactly similar. Neurocognitive disorders can range from mild to extreme and can be caused by various other diseases. HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder or HAND has emerged as one of the most prominent neurodegenerative disorders in the recent past(Mayer, 2013).

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder; recent estimates of autism spectrum disorder ...

Extinction is the phenomenon when a behavior, that was previously observed, disappears from a person when it is not reinforced (Miltenberger, 2012). When extinction is performed constantly over a long period of time, the undesired behavior gradually disappears, in the longer run. However, in the short term, the subject of extinction is likely demonstrates extinction burst. This burst more frequently occurs when the extinction has just started. The burst is commonly a phenomenal increase in the observed undesired behavior. This increase is temporary and does not last for a long time. Extinction is observed in both conditions: operant and classic.
In operant conditioning, ...

Ethics

The article of Dawson (2004) discussed the ethical issue of the entitlement of autistics to human rights just like normal people. Under the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) which provides a treatment for children with autism, the skills training of the children should start at a young age to familiarize themselves to develop skills in the natural setting. Although these children appear to be different from the rest of the children, they are still entitled to human rights since they need special care and attention from their parents and other family members. The report of Dawson (2004) presented a litany of mistake and ...

1.0 Pivotal response therapy (PRT)
Pivotal response therapy/treatment/training is one of the early behavioral intervention techniques developed for management of autism. This techniques is built on the premise that autism interferes with “pivotal behaviors” that ultimately underlie other behaviors are deficient in autistic children. The pivotal behaviors/areas are initiating activities, motivation, self-management, feelings and responding to multiple/complicated cues (signals). PRT therefore aims at increasing pivotal behaviors, particularly motivation, which would in turn enhance generalization. The autistic child chooses the activity and is rewarded (positive reinforcement) for every correct responses or attempt. As such, PRT trains the child to ...

Autism is a complicated development disability that belongs to a group of developmental disabilities known as autism spectrum disorders. It involves delays in development of very crucial skills such as ability to converse effectively, ability to socialize and to form relationships.
This condition presents itself within the first three years of a person’s life and children with this condition may also have behavioral challenges and intellectual impairments. The fact that this disorder affects each child differently forms the basis of its naming. It is believed that the condition is due to neurological disorder that affects a person’s communication development and ...

Human behavior, specifically the internal behavior, is probably one of the most complex phenomenons to explain. Various theories have been developed in an attempt to understand and explain human behavior, and Skinner’s behavioral theory is one of them. Burrhus Frederic Skinner, a behavioral psychologist born and raised in Pennsylvania, is considered the father of radical behaviorism. In his quest to explain human behavior, he invented the famous, or rather infamous, Skinner box which he used for the experiments. With animals (such as rats or pigeons) as the specimen, Skinner directly transferred his findings to human beings, without the slightest ...

Introduction

Autism is a childhood developmental disorder that affects the brain’s normal development of communication and social skills. It is a physical condition that appears in the first three years of life and is linked with abnormal biochemistry in the brain. The causes of autism are not ascertained but autism is largely attributed to genetic predisposition and the environment. A plethora of research studies have also suspected other causative factors like mercury poisoning, diet and vaccine sensitivity among others but these factors are yet to be proven (Pubmed, 2010).
Autism has a variety of symptoms depending on the level of infection ...