Essays on Dissolved

Growth performance of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Lampam) fry feeding different protein content diets

Introduction Lampam or Tinfoil Barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is categorized under the family of Cyprinidae that is an important freshwater fish mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas including Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra. It is found in rivers and lakes with a pH ranging from 6.5 and 7.0 and the temperature ranging from 20.4 to 33.7ºC. The average weight of Lampam is 200 - 600 g and its size range between 10 and 25 cm. It is estimated that if a specific diet is provided Lampam may reach a size of 30 centimeters and its weight may exceed ...

Introduction

Water is termed the ‘universal solvent’ since it is capable of dissolving a large variety of substances. These solutes can be broadly classified as ionic and molecular solutes, based on their behaviour in solution. Ionic solutes dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water. An example of this class is sodium chloride (common salt). Molecular solutes are dissolved as uncharged molecules, like sucrose (sugar). The effect of ionic solutes on the boiling point of water is the focus of this project. Boiling occurs when the vapour pressure above a liquid equals the pressure over it. Hence, the normal ...

Gold Nanoparticles Article Summaries.

Original Article Summary: Turkevich, Stevenson, & Hillier, 1951. In their 1951 article, Turkevich, Stevenson, and Hillier explore the nucleation processes and growth of colloidal gold nanoparticles during synthesis under different methods. The paper explores the standard preparation methods of colloidal gold which all use a nucleating agent which usually comprises reducing agents that later form a mixed polymer with a chloroauric ion before reduction to the nucleus occurs. The authors of this paper explore gold colloids synthesis methods such as Bredig’s electrical arc synthesis, the Faraday method, and reduction methods using acetone, tannin gold solution, oxalic acid, Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ...

Introduction: All most all metals are unstable when exposed to air. This is because of the tendency of the metal to be converted into its oxidized form on reaction with air. When compared to zinc, iron has a greater tendency to form oxidized form and thus has greater susceptibility to corrosion. The ability of metals to react with air varies and this determines their relative stability. As zinc is much stable when compared to iron, it is used to galvanizing iron pipe, thus preventing contact of iron with air and water that contains dissolved air. Brass is an alloy ...

Introduction

Reduction reactions are very important in chemistry as they are effective processes for synthesizing new compounds from existing ones. In organic chemistry, a compound is said to be reduced if it acquires new hydrogen. There are diverse reagents for carrying our reduction reactions. Two of these are sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) - the latter is a more powerful reducing agent compared to the former. In this experiment, NaBH4 was used to reduce p-Nitrobenzaldehyde to form p-Nitrobenzyl alcohol. NaBH4was used over LiAlH4 in this experiment, because LiAlH4 would also reduce the nitro group of the aldehyde.

Experimental:

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The ritual of marriage is a very important milestone in the life of an individual and, more so, in the life of an individual who is also a devout Christian. The Scripture often mentions the sanctity of marriage as well as the permanency of it in one’s life. Such descriptions have resulted in a dilemma for particular individuals who, for some unfortunate reason, have had to divorce and remarry. At present, Catholicism does not permit divorced individuals to remarry unless and until they have had their marriage annulled by the Church. While the Orthodox Catholic views on remarriage ...

Chapter 1

Introduction

XX century was characterized with the significant technological progress, which has improved the life of people. Numerous products and services became available, labor and domestic life became easier and more comfortable. However, waste problem is the other side of the technological progress. The solid, liquid and gas waste are formed, and thus land, natural water and air quality degrade. Therefore, in XXI century the research efforts are dedicated to development of methods for sustainable use of water, gas, and solid resources. Wastewater polluted with dye residuals originate from textile, leather and food industry. These industries produce goods that ...

Option A Observation: During the winter, you spread salt daily on your driveway to melt the snow. In the springtime, when the lawn begins to grow, you notice that there is no grass growing for about 3 inches from the driveway. Furthermore, the grass seems to be growing more slowly up to about 1 foot from the driveway. Question: Might grass growth be inhibited by salt?

Introduction

Plants show normal growth when suitable growth factors and soil conditions are available (Kadlec & Knight, 1996, p. 691). Grass, being a plant, is expected to grow well when suitable conditions are present. Grass ...

The issues faced by the Indian River Lagoon is quite similar to that of many rivers, lakes, and even oceans from various locations of the world. The steady decline in the marine population of the lagoon escalated to alarming rates by the end of the last decade. A few legislations that were passed in the early nineties to limit trawling in the estuarine region and as well as the direct dumping of untreated sewage wastes, had proved effective in the past. But later into the decade, the rescue efforts to salvage the lagoon and the ecosystem associated with it, ...

The thirteenth century to the seventeenth century can be considered a period of ascendancy as there are many examples of dominance and the fight for superiority between various groups and empires: most notably through the Mongol Empire, the destruction of the Abbasid Empire, and the consolidation of the Ottoman Empire. In the thirteenth century, Mongol invasions were rampant all over Asia, leading through the Middle East and into Europe. They were sent by the Mongol Empire to gain territorial expansion across Eurasia and the Middle East. Mongol armies led by Genghis Khan invaded Iraq and Iran beginning in the ...

An acid is defined as a chemical substance that is capable of forming an aqueous solution with the ability to turn a blue litmus paper red, have a sour taste and form salts when it reacts with certain metals and bases. A substance will qualify to be an acid if it is capable of increasing the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, or the capability of that substance to be deprotonated, act as a proton donor during reactions. A base is a substance that in aqueous solution feels slippery, has a bitter taste, and is capable of ...

Acids

There are three scientifically correct definitions that define an acid substance. Arrhenius defines an acid as a substance that made up of hydrogen that when dissolved in water breaks apart increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the water. Bronsted-Lowry defines an acid as a proton (H+ ion) donor. Lewis describes acids as substances that accept electron pairs. Acids have a sour taste and are highly reactive with metals (Brent, 2009). Nitric acid is used as fertilizers, and hydrochloric acid is used to bricks.

Bases

A basic substance can also be described using definitions from the three authors. Arrhenius ...

Introduction

Geology is part science which deals with the study of the structure of the earth. Plate tectonic, climate and evolutionary history of humans’ shows the history of the universe and this is attributed to the large amount of geological information on the various processes. Geology also plays a significant role in explaining mineral and hydrocarbon exploitation and exploration, geotechnical engineering and also the natural hazards. Things like rocks and minerals, fossils and lithology encompass geology, and they are present in different parts of the world including Rolla city. Rolla city is known for its many rocks, minerals, and fossils. ...

(Teacher)

Sinkholes are a problem across the globe, especially in urban areas. Sinkholes can cause damage to roads, collapse structures, and destroy property. The biggest way to prevent a sink hole is to learn what factors are included in the formation a sinkhole is, how a sinkhole forms, and wheatther or not the sinkhole was naturally formed or if humans created the situation that caused the sinkhole in the first place. While it is not possible to actually prevent natural sinkholes, there are several ways that sinkholes which are created from human activity may be prevented, or at least ...

Question 1:

Ernest Rutherford is sometimes referred to as the “Father of Radioactivity”. Rutherford made many contributions to research into radioactivity and the nature of an atom. Outline his contributions. Rutherford contributed greatly towards the experimenting, studying and understanding of radioactivity, and the atom. His initial contribution was the discovery and definition of the electron. The Nobel laureate proposed the Rutherford atom model that replaced the Thompson model. This provided an excellent basis for future work into the studying of atoms, as well as, their physical and chemical properties. He was involved in research aimed at splitting the atom leading to ...

Question 1

Radioactivity is the process by which unstable isotopes of elements disintegrate in the nucleus to release energy in form of gamma rays, beta radiation and alpha radiation. The disintegration occurs as a result of the stability within the cell nucleus. Some isotopes of elements have non-balancing number of the protons as compared to the neutrons, as a result of the lack of balance between the negative and the positive charges in the nucleus; the nucleus becomes unstable and disintegrates. Radioactive radiation was first discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896 as he was working on X-ray. By then the X-ray ...

Sodium

Sodium is an element found in Group I of periodic table according to WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements (n.p), commonly known as the Alkali metals. It is a metal with silver-white color appearance. It is usually found in many different minerals like cryolite, zeolite and amphibole. The most common mineral where it is found is sodium chloride. Sodium is the sixth abundant element in found in earth’s crust. It has an atomic symbol of Na and an atomic number of 11. The atomic mass is 22.98977 and atomic radius is 186pm. Sodium is a very reactive metal. ...

Antitrust Law: The Great Northern Railway

Introduction One of the wonders of the free market is that there are no restrictions when it comes to buying and selling products and services. However, this advantage comes at a cost as well. Due to total freedom, people and companies are theoretically free to impose whatever prices they dictate for the goods they sell, without regard to the welfare of their customers. This is exactly what happens in monopolies, wherein only one company holds the control of a certain commodity or service. Monopolies are usually seen as bad because they do not adhere to the laws of supply ...

[Client Name] Water is a colourless and odourless liquid, and is very important for human development and survival. It covers 75% of the earth's surface and is mostly found in lakes, rivers and seas. In addition, the human body comprises 78% of water. Water is an interesting molecule and consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. It is covalently bonded and possesses a very interesting characteristic, i.e. polarity. Polarity ensures that water is an effective medium for the dissolution of other polar compounds. In so doing, water is an enabler for many biological reactions (“The Chemistry of ...

Introduction:

Corrosion refers to the partial and gradual dissolution of materials used in water treatment and supply systems, pumps, pipes, tanks and valves. In most circumstances, almost all water is corrosive and this may lead to structural failure, water leaks, capacity losses and deterioration of the microbial and chemical water quality (WHO 2011). The pipes used in water distribution are made of different materials such as plastic, metals (galvanized steel, copper, lead and iron), and even concrete. Pipes made from concrete and plastic tend to be corrosion resistant. In piping systems, however, there are several water quality factors working singly ...