Tasked with a Federalism Essay? Check Out These Samples and Learn from the Best

Illegal Immigration.

Illegal immigrants have increased in the country over the past few years. Some of the pros of illegal immigrants are that they boost the economy through the provision of cheap labor as they are working hard for their families back home. They are willing to take all kinds of work especially if they are undocumented. Immigrants take up duties that average Americans are not prepared to perform. This aids in the distribution of goods and services. Illegal immigrants pay taxes especially if they work in restaurants and automobile shops. They improve biodiversity and enhance cultures. The disadvantages of illegal ...

Foremost, in the views of the Federalists, the only means through which the Constitution could maintain the partition of powers into the executive, legislative, and judiciary departments was through instructions incorporated into the structure of government. Accordingly, as Madison explains in Federalist #51, the Constitution gives each department “a will of its own” by ensuring that factors such as appointments are devoid of the other two’s influence. However, the new government gives more power to the “fountain of authority,” the citizens. By that logic, in the strictest sense, the people reserve the right to select the Head of ...

Interaction between the three branches of power

"Trias politica", as it was formulated in the 18th century, includes separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government (Peterson). An important element in it is the system of checks and balances, which guarantees that none of the three should dominate the others. This is ensured by empowering each branch to have its own set of powers (balances), and some of the competencies of each branch make sure that another branch doesn't abuse its power (checks). Here are just a few examples: Checks on the executive branch by the legislative branch: The Congress can override ...

The United States of America have gone a fairly long way of establishment. Starting as a number of colonies, and ending up as one of the most powerful countries in the contemporary world, the U.S. has proved that nothing is impossible, and that mistakes can only lead to the better future. One of the greatest examples for this statement would be the existence of the Articles of Confederation, with all their vices, because it were the wrongs in this document that made it possible for the Constitution to be written. The present paper is meant to dwell upon the ...

Federalism in the United States has evolved over the past 200 years from an arrangement where state and national government powers and responsibilities were clearly distinct and separate, to one in which the line of distinction between the two has blurred. When the framers drafted the Constitution, they provided separate powers to the federal government in Article One. A few of these clauses extended the power of the national government in order to prevent the hazards faced by the Articles of Confederation. In order to ensure that limitations still existed on the federal government, the Tenth Amendment was included. ...

There is a lot of debate in the government and scholarly sphere when it comes to when to and how to incarcerate people. A subdivision of that argument comes down to the actual housing that a prisoner is kept in while they are in prison. One method that is used for inmates who commit certain acts, either inside of or outside of prison, is solitary confinement. While this is deemed to be a way to prevent a prisoner from being a danger to others or even himself/herself while in prison, there are many that say that solitary confinement for ...

Introduction

Since a number of decades the control of has been separated into dual arrangements of administrations. These are the Centralized Administration or the Countrywide Administration and the State Administrations. In this arrangement of management, authority is transferred from the innermost Administration to the delegated or State administrations. In spite of this arrangement having survived for a lot of years at this time, there have been difficulties connected with the distribution of authority between the dual structures of administrations. This paper seeks to explore the positive and negative effects of federalism on the privacy rights of human beings (Erdem, 2014).

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Introduction: Australia is made of 6 state and 2 territories. It has one the best performing healthcare system in the world. At present, Australian healthcare system is a mix of public and private health care providers. The public health care system is funded by the government. Australia has a three tier government: the federal or commonwealth government, the state/territory government, and the local government. The health care system in Australia is complex. Given below is an overview of the system and its functions. 1. The structure of Australian Health Care System: The system of health care delivery is fragmented ...

Is Federalism Necessary

Is Federalism Necessary

Introduction

Federalism is a form of government where a written constitution is able to divide political power between the federal government and the state government. Under federalism, both state and federal governments act and help citizens directly through law making and responsible officials. There have been several times the Supreme Court is asked to adjudicate the definition of Federalism, which Founding Fathers constructed. There is a clear impact of Federalism on American citizens that are both positive and negative in nature.

Responsive Government One of the biggest advantages of Federalism for American citizens has been the responsiveness ...

Administration Relationships

The relationships between the public policy-makers and the executors (civil servants) have attracted the attention of many scholars in the public administration, political science, public policy and law. The focus is on the relationship between the government, parliament, and the public service. However, the relationship between the federal bureaucracy and the elected policy-makers is crucial for the government functioning, its professional standards, as well as social credibility. Regardless of the perspective of the government being consistent, its texture, characteristics, operating principles and procedures vary from one public policy sector to another (Guess & Farnham, 2011, p. 315). This part focuses ...

The U.S. Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights was proposed and passed through twelve amendments but only ten were successfully ratified and became part of the United States Constitution, which was at first considered incomplete because it lacked what proponents called the basic human rights. The common belief at that time was that the framing and ratification of the Bill of Rights was to eliminate fears of the Anti-Federalists that the proposed Constitution did not satisfactorily guarantee individual freedoms. Even if individual liberty was important during the debate for the bill of rights, the Bill of Rights was ...

Without a doubt, American political culture, values and exceptionalism has hurt the quality of care that is available to most Americans. While such a statement might not seem intuitive when one considered the more popular known principles of American political culture such as the rule of law, and equality; it does make more sense when one considers the political values that are most involved in the healthcare system and its administration. Those values include federalism, liberty, capitalism, and democracy. Federalism refer to the constitutional principle that the federal government is a government of limited power; and those powers it ...

Hurricane Katrina was one of the worst storms that hit the United States in the recent past, and the government is still to blame for the damages it did to the citizens of the United States.

The Pros and Cons of Federalism

Pros of Federalism It gives communities the greatest role in shaping their lives: The US is a vast country inhabited by diverse populations spread over different geographical locations. For instance, federalism gave the people of New Orleans the opportunity to reconstruct itself after it was hit by the storm (The Storm n. p). Federalism also ensures that there is a solid integration of ...

At the foundations of the American Revolutionary War, of between 1775 and 1783, were calls for independence among the Patriots residing in Britain’s Thirteen Colonies in North America. The Americans emerged victoriously and as a result, the English Monarch lost its claims over the vast territories. Now, the understanding of freedom in the thirteen regions revolved around the eradication of tyranny to pave the way for democracy and for that reason alone, the United States abhorred monarchies and promoted a government based on a democratic system. To that end, it is no wonder that concerns over the central ...

Following the devastation which was brought about by the Hurricane Katrina and the consequent unsteady response that it was accorded by different agencies, the roles of the federal government come up as extremely pivotal in averting national crises such as the latter and even the September 11th attacks. It is in this light that the following article will present a discussion on the benefits of federalism and how it might constrain federal outreach, as well as, too much power. This also comes up in light of the public’s dissatisfaction with the manner in which the government responded to ...

Federalism in the United States may be defined as relationship between state 

governments and the federal government of the US with a progress shifting of power from the states towards the national government (Beck, 2011). Federalism was a political answer and solution for the situation with the Articles of Confederation (the first US constitution replaced by the current US Constitution in 1788) that gave the federal government very little practical authority. The Articles contained the direction on the ways to direct the American Revolutionary War, conduct diplomatic relations with Europe and deal with different territorial issues and Native American relations. Although, this document also became the weakness of the government, which ...

Was the Los Angeles Cannabis Resource Center raid legal?

Federal or state laws govern the United States of America (USA). The federal law applies to the whole country, governing all 50 states, while state laws apply to specific states. The state law only prevails if it gives people more rights that the federal law. The issue of legalization of marijuana in some states of America, like California, whereas the federal law prohibits the use of the same substance for any purpose leads to a supremacy clause. Part VI of the U.S. Constitution addresses the Supremacy clause that gives the federal government a winning card when a conflict between ...

Marijuana decriminalization and legalization in approximately twenty states have revived a controversy surrounding the issues of federalism and the rights of the state governments to pass laws that are supported by the majority of the voters within particular states. Opponents of marijuana legalization for any purpose, either medicinal or recreational, claim that the decisions made by some states contradict the federal drug laws and, therefore, are illegal. Supporters of the state drug laws claim that the Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution granted the states certain rights that are not in the scope of the federal power. However, this ...

The US Constitution was born amidst the uncertainty and the instability that the Articles of Confederation could not correct. In crafting the set of “institutional arrangements of government” (Lowi et al 2015, p. 40), which was believed to result in the strengthening the union of the various states that the Articles were not able to do, the framers had to tread a delicate balance between state independence and federal government power. Their deliberation of the document was largely underpinned by lessons from past historic experiences that underscored the weaknesses of the Articles. In crafting the Constitution, there were several ...

The American political system as it was formulated by the Founding Fathers and written down in the Constitution was based on a particularly eighteenth century vision of liberal government based on Enlightenment ideals. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights as a document is a great example of what the priorities and values of the Framers of the Constitution were. The values of the Framers which they fought a war against Great Britain over basically centered around the belief in limited government, the decentralization of power and the separation of powers combined with a system of checks and balances. ...

Reading Summary about Fanon

According to Fanon, nationalist parties aim at mobilizing people in the spirit of independence (97). These parties do not have economic agendas for the nation because of their lack of an idea about their country’s economic status. Nationalist parties always operate on academic and approximate knowledge of the country’s present and potential resources; thus, they can only talk about the economy in the abstract sense. After independence, bourgeoisies undergo considerable stagnation due to the lack of capital and inability to adapt to the road to revolution. Scarce managerial talent and precarious resources force bourgeoisies to focus on ...

In his March 8, 2016 article in the Washington Post, entitled “The FBI and NYPD make peace, focusing on fighting terrorism and not each other”, journalist Adam Goldsmith reports on the evolving relationship between the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the New York City Police Department (NYPD). According to Goldsmith, the relationship between the two law enforcement agencies has never been particularly friends. However, as a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (9/11) in New York City, the relationship had, until recently, become particularly adversarial (Goldsmith). In the aftermath of the attacks, the NYPD established its ...

America is a country with various cultures and races working together to advance the current economic, social and political structures. Everyone plays a part in its making through voting, leadership, and social work among other things. However, the American’ culture and benefits people experience today came from various decisions made by the founding fathers of the nation. Apart from that, the struggles and abuse experienced by the forefathers enabled the next generation to have a better life. Hence, the three most interesting topics in the book are American Political Culture, Federalism, and Civil Rights. These entities make up the ...

Introduction

With the advancement of information and communications technology over the years, it is indeed astounding to see the abundance of information on the internet summarized in the form of info-graphics on a wide range of topics. As far as the United States of America is concerned, the most common types of such graphical illustrations are which show state wise regional differences. The parameters do have a wide range and it can be anything from consumption of beer to even average number of hours spent by residents on Netflix. Among such illustrations, one which captivated the author of this presentation ...

Part 1

The American Constitution is called a living document for the simple reason that it has existed for far too long than any other document ever drafted to govern any nation in the world. At the same time, it has continued to be the civic cornerstone upon which every other law has been developed, besides it acts as a model for any other emerging or existing democracy in the world (Scaros 17). Since it was penned down, the Constitution has been read and interpreted by many people, including presidents, judges, justices, Congress and even ordinary citizens. Everyone looks up to ...

The Fair Sentencing Act

On August 3, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, for the first time in the History of the U.S (Grindle, 2010). This law was a response to the then claims of racial biases of the law in convicting drug dealers. This Act established new quantity thresholds, which were meant to trigger statutory mandatory minimum and maximum penalties for offenses related to cocaine. By so doing, this law amended the Controlled Substance Act and the controlled import and export of substance. This new law saw to it that the quantities of cocaine that ...

Establishing the national homeland security initiative right remains the most challenging task in the Turkey owing to the concerns in protecting the homeland are based on pervasive competency, over-centralization, entrenched politics, and corruption that frequently make Washington not to discharge their duties appropriately. Given numerous terrorist and criminal activities being witnessed in Turkey’s neighboring countries, like Iraq and Syria, which are believed to make nuclear weapons, there is an urgent need to strengthen Turkey’s Homeland security. The recommendations indicated in this article are vital steps in setting up the suited kind of homeland security for Turkey. The ...

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt is widely regarded as one of the best presidents in United States history. He is known for his cowboy persona and his widespread representations of traditional masculinity. Many Americans today remember him as a rope-swinging, outdoorsman who would not be content sitting inside the Oval office. In fact, he was once observed jumping off a horse into a pit of wild dogs and slaying a mountain lion. Roosevelt changed the course of the presidency and did many things that presidents had never done before, such as riding in a submarine, being identified by his initials, being ...

Is it a Right or a Privilege?

Affiliate Institution Is it a Right or a Privilege? Healthcare has been a debate, where many people are trying to argue whether it is a right or a privilege. It is, therefore, important to define the terms for effective understanding. A privilege is something that an individual gets, but he or she has no authority over it. Meaning, he or she cannot demand it, and it is given to the whims of the person who provides it. On the other hand, a right is a constitutional provision that and individual must demand. In fact, there is no negotiation when ...

Political culture is a component of the general culture, a cumulative indicator of political experience, a level of political knowledge and feelings, examples of behavior and functioning of political subjects, the integrated characteristic of a political way of life of the country, a class, the nation, social group of individuals. A feature of political culture is that it makes not policy or political process, but their understanding, an explanation. In the political sphere often the importance is gained not only by real actions and measures of the state but also, by the way they are estimated and perceived in ...

The syllabus was fully covered and understood well. For instance, everything was clear and students captured all the fundamental concepts required in heal science. Ideally, the course requirements were met because everything was covered and there is no difficulty in any of the covered topics. Therefore, the class was good and deserves credit. Furthermore, the students enjoyed the learning. Ideally, the students liked everything about the course. In short, the studies were nice as the learning process realized its objectives.

Reaction notes

The three arms of government comprise of the legislature, executive, and judiciary. The House of Representatives and the Senate ...

Federalism is a system of government based on the principles of distribution of power between central authorities and other constituent units (Merriam-Webster.com, n.d.). These constituent units are smaller subdivisions of a national government, and both these types of governing bodies govern issues: national government governs issues on the federal (national) level, and its smaller subdivisions govern local issues. Smaller subdivisions are rather independent from the national government, and they have a legislative power of a local character. For example, in the United States, there is a federal system of government that consists of the federal government and governments of ...

“Living in Limbo: Mandatory Detention of Immigrants Under the Illegal Immigration Reform and Responsibility Act of 1996” by Amy Langenfeld

In this article, Langenfeld (1999) discusses the history of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Responsibility Act of 1996, and the social implications of the 1996 reforms. According to Langenfeld (1996) the 1996 reforms were the meticulously revised earlier forms. However, the implementation of the 1996 reforms was criticized due to some of the policies apparently violating international human rights. To be specific, the 1996 reforms included a mandatory detention of suspected illegal immigrants for a time interval ranging from several days to several years in detention facilities and prisons. Moreover, Langenfeld (1999) describes the quality of living of immigrants, ...

Introduction

Any business, whether the auto mechanics that starts his own sole proprietorship or the multi-national technology corporation is considered a member of the community. As a consequence, businesses, like individuals, are not only subject to the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are located in, but also expected to comply with those laws like any other citizen. Accordingly, the primary roles of law in today’s business environment is to establish: what’s right and wrong business behavior is, what are the rules and guidelines that businesses are expected and required to follow in order to validly and ...

[Class title]

Introduction American democracy is perceived either positively or negatively by political philosophers. The political philosopher, Hannah Arendt expresses her admiration towards the American model of democracy commending it for its ideals on republicanism, separation of power and federalism (Arendt 267). There are, however, serious flaws with Arendt’s perception of American democracy, which can be summed up in three areas. First, Arendt failed to look deeper into the how the American democracy emerged, which makes her analysis out of context. Secondly, Arendt failed to analyze the impact of slavery towards the American democratic ideals, specifically the impact ...

Introduction

In the matter of the Los Angeles Cannabis Not for Profit Resource Center whose been in service since 1996, the DEA raided the center who helped hundreds of patients with HIV, cancer, sickle cell anemia, and among other illnesses that are hard to treat with modern medicine. The DEA, however held a federal search warrant and declared the center a crime scene immediately upon the new ruling of the Federal Supreme court decision in May 2000 that it is illegal for large cooperatives or companies to distribute marijuana. Not only it is illegal, but that the marijuana does not ...

Sanctuary cities have been a divisive, political and social issue for a long time. They have been at the heart of the immigration debate. They refer to cities and municipalities within states that have intentionally chosen not to enact federal laws on immigration (Salvi, 2016). Sanctuary policies require municipal and city employees as well as police not to inquire the immigration status of individuals. In 1996, Congress enacted the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) in a bid to force cities and local governments to cooperate with federal agencies concerning reporting the immigration status of aliens as ...

Independence and Consolidation

Simon Bolivar was born in 1783 to a wealthy and privileged Spanish American family. Bolivar spoke for the colonial elites and played an important role in denouncing the oppressive rule of the Spanish (Kinsbruner, 2). In the short time that Simon Bolivar lived in this world, he managed to live a comprehensive life. He is a person that has entered the historical books as a revolutionary that played a very important role in liberating Latin America from the oppressive Spanish rule. Simon Bolivar played a part in the liberation of six nations through intellectual arguments that resonated greatly with ...

Ladies and gentlemen, how are you? A majority of people know that online merchants pay taxes in some states while others are still debating the issue. The reasons for or against collecting taxes for the online retailers differs widely. I believe, it is fair for all businesses to pay taxes and; therefore, the online retailers have no option other than to pay taxes. In 2011, Lloyd Miler, a leading business columnist with the Wall Street Journal highlighted the views of various stakeholders on the same. The 1992 U.S. Supreme Court ruling stated that online retailers did not need to ...

The bilateral relationship between the two countries has a number of dynamics with varying complexities. The regional contextual relationship between the US and Venezuela had a dramatic changes post the cold war era. The US government has shown overextension of its approaches to the Venenzuala case by pushing for democratization with much focus on people centred leadership in the region. However, Venezuela as the case of other Latin states has had significant emphasis maintenance of their sovereignty. The conflict of interest with US position shown massively in their policies on economic sanctions have affected the relationship between the two ...

The Constitutional Convention, also referred to as the Grand or Federalist Convention, that took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from May to September 1787 is touted as one of the most memorable, monumental and important events in the United States history after gaining independence from Britain. This is mainly because it revised and updated the initial Articles of Confederation, which formed the precursor to the modern liberal and lofty Constitution of the United States of America. The major aim of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation and to create a new strong form, structure of system of ...

Either action between paying and not paying tax on Internet sales has nearly equal justifications. For instance, Internet retailer Amazon.com, notes that imposing a tax on Internet sales should be opposed because first it would be administratively cumbersome and second the companies that would be required to pay these taxes obtains no meaningful benefit from the states. These companies operate online and, therefore, maintain no facilities within the states. However, payment of these taxes will be of great importance in the provision of local and state government revenue. This revenue is significant in the provision of social amenities such ...

Introduction

The prevailing Constitutional system has been hailed throughout history as the greatest masterpiece ever designed, and this has been attributed to its separation of powers. The Constitution succeeded in creating a system of checks and balances, federalism, limiting the powers of the executive branch, avoiding government gridlock, and dual federalism. Constitutional federalism requires that there is no encroachment of powers through the separation of state power (Bulman-Pozen, 1). However, the separation of powers has been beleaguered with judicial enforcement coupled with formal vengeance aimed at rationalizing incursions by one federal branch with the others. It is accepted that the ...

Introduction

Marijuana is a significant topic throughout the United States. It can be considered one of the hottest topics regarding the general public and the Legislature. There is a growing reform when it comes to legalizing marijuana. Today, more than half of the country is in favor to legalizing the use of marijuana. The Drug Policy Alliance believes that marijuana should be treated and regulated like alcohol and tobacco and that it should be completely removed from the criminal justice system. Over the past two years, several states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana. This paper analyzes the arguments ...

As a show of defiance to the ruling Federalist regime, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison founded the Democratic - Republican Party in 1791. This would also become the United States’ first opposition party. Jefferson and his followers had liberal views on how the country ought to have been run. Jefferson, having served as George Washington’s first secretary of state, had in his opinion experience in the regime that he saw as elitist. Jefferson’s supporters wanted a system of government that looked out for all Americans, regardless of social class. They also felt that power was centralized in ...

Explain the concept of federalism, the separation of powers, and the role of interest groups in general

Federalism refers to a system of government that is made up of the central and regional government with each having distinct powers. To maintain the independence of these two governments, the concept of separation of powers comes in to enhance the distribution of power within the different arms of the government. These arms include the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature (Baker & Preston, 2005). Ideally, each of these three arms has their separate functions and thus it is of paramount importance to protect their independence that is most likely to be affected by encroachment by either of the other ...

Introduction

In America, Federalism came into practice when some states rejected the thought of a unitary government. Due to the large size of the country, the founding fathers allowed states to form powerful governments. State governments are used as a training ground or political labs for policing, where new ideas can be implemented and evaluated (El Camino College N.pag). In Federalism practicing states such as Florida, state government possesses the power of providing safety and public health, regulate interstate commerce, form government and conduct elections. However, Washington still carries the power of printing money, declaring war, establishing an army and ...

Law

THE LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA IN COLORADO Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the legalization of marijuana in the state of Colorado by covering the following issues: 1.) the positive and negative effects of legalizing marijuana within the state; 2.) the effect of marijuana on public health and safety; 3.) the economic advantages after Amendment 64 was approved in the state of Colorado; 4.) the effect of decriminalizing marijuana to the police and law enforcement agencies. The outcome of the research will be an evaluation of the overall impact of the legalization of marijuana ...

The Electoral College is an integral part of the current election process of the United States. Created during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the establishment of Electors and electors was developed through debate of the Virginia Plan, which proposed that Congress should elect the president. However, concerns of the president being controlled by Congress and fears over a small group of individuals being able to dictate who would hold office presented the need to change the plan. For this reason, the Electoral College, which attempts to proportionately divide state votes among delegates. While it has been contested that the ...

Many historians acknowledge the Declaration of Independence as the starting point of the American statehood and one of the most prominent democratic instruments of the United States. A large part of the Declaration takes account of all kinds of accusations against the parliament and the monarchy of England that brought tyranny to the land and undermined the economic interests of the colonists. The true value of the document lies in its social philosophy that “defined three inalienable rights (Ginsberg, et. al. 2014: 18)”: “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” (Declaration of Independence, US 1776, par. 2) The ...

Abstract

The United States was forming a system of government that had never been tried in a nation so large. The many Articles of Confederation and the Constitution represent the countries attempt to form a system of government true to ideas of the American Revolution. Although the Articles of Confederation had serious flaws that ultimately led to its doom, it was still an attempt to put in place the ideas of the American Revolution. The Constitution, from and ideological standpoint, was not entirely different. Many of the federal powers granted in the Articles of Confederation were the same powers granted in ...

In the United States, the issue of illegal immigration is of great concern as it is affecting several institutions of the country. The immigration that is taking place on illegal grounds has exerted a negative influence in the economy. The population of illegal immigrants has considerably increased in the United States, which has exerted financial pressure and burden on the country because more resources are required in order to satisfy the needs and wants of the residents (Grandrath, 1996). The rise in population is increasing unemployment, which in turn is reducing the wages of employed individuals. The number of illegal ...

Initially the leaders of the American Revolution did not consider the thought of political parties and battles between them. After the retirement from civil life, George Washington advised the Americans against the political parties in the year 1796. On the other hand, James Madison desired the idea of having political parties as a necessity; however, he did not approve them. Alexander Hamilton who liked the political and financial system of the British felt that faction was a frailty. Being an aristocrat, he favored the rich and the educated only, and considered the rest of the population as a great beast. On the ...

It is not without doubt that the United States of America remains an icon for democracy and public participation through the federal system of government. That notwithstanding, the influences of democracy and federalism have had far reaching consequences in the governance structure of the nation. One such area where federalism has had its impact is policing. In the United States of America, the function of policing is the reserve of the state governments.

According to the tenth amendment, policing remains the core role of the state with the federal government only offering support services. However, in practice, the federal ...

Federalism refers to a political structure with two or more levels of government exercising control over the same territory and citizens. In a federal system, these levels consist of the federal or central government and constituent political units referred to as state or provincial or territorial governments; creating a federation. These governments are supreme when exercising power within their sphere of authority.

Power and resources in such systems are divided between the central and regional governments with some level of autonomy. The central government usually has oversight over issues of concern to the whole country while the state or regional governments deal ...

Horizontal federalism refers to the relationships and interactions between states as equal members of the union. Under Article IV of the Constitution states are required provide “full faith and credit” to the laws of other states as well as guarantee the citizens of each state the “privileges and immunities” enjoy by the citizens of other states. Moreover, the Tenth Amendment states that states “may exercise powers not delegated to the federal government. Despite, these understandings, horizontal federalism is one of the more unclear areas of American political authority (Erbsen, 2008). Based on the arguments from the petitioner in ...

The “Green” Problem of Superfund (CERCLA)

The “green” problem did not start as a disaster. However, it spiraled into one of the worst environmental disasters in the history of the US (Hatfield, 2012). It all began with the Love Canal in 1880s. Love Canal was excavated by W.T. Love in 1890s and it was part of the hydroelectric power project in Niagara Falls, New York. The project was never implemented and Hooker Chemicals and Plastics Corporation used it as a landfill between 1942 and 1952. The surrounding areas were later developed with construction of an elementary school and residential homes. It was not until 1960s when odors ...

The Clean Air Act was amended in 1990 and was established to boost local air quality by focusing on polluting sources. In the regions with poor air quality, polluting industries are required to make extra investments in pollution reduction. The research on the industry level indicated that these requirements affect the output and location of polluting industries. Therefore, the Clean Air Act was enacted to regulate pollutants, which are known as criteria pollutants. The policy should abide with the permitted levels for each criteria pollutant. In the case a locality fails to meet the set standards over a three-year period, ...

California Government: Section Readings Key Points

Federalism as a System of Government The government of the United States of America is a federalist system which is composed of the federal governments, state governments, and local, county, city and township governments. The smaller governments are the creation of state government (See Greenberg, p. 44). “Federalism is a system under which significant government powers are divided between the central government and smaller units, such as states. A federal system can be contrasted with two other common types of government: a confederation and a unitary government. In a confederation, the constituent states get together for certain common purposes by retain ultimate authority and ...

How Did Religion Influence Early U.S. History A value of knowing the origin of nations helps to understand their social orders and laws. America is the only nation in which the starting point of a great person has been vividly observed. This is so because the growth of nations bears some marks of their origin. The situations that followed their birth and contributed to their development affect the nation. On evaluating the elements of state and the oldest monuments of American history, one can discover the prejudices, the habits and the ruling, which constitute the national character. This explains ...