Essays on Balances

Interaction between the three branches of power

"Trias politica", as it was formulated in the 18th century, includes separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government (Peterson). An important element in it is the system of checks and balances, which guarantees that none of the three should dominate the others. This is ensured by empowering each branch to have its own set of powers (balances), and some of the competencies of each branch make sure that another branch doesn't abuse its power (checks). Here are just a few examples: Checks on the executive branch by the legislative branch: The Congress can override ...

Abstract

The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) is a highly broad and intricate assortment of regulations that govern the purchase process of the federal government. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) ensures that the measures of purchasing are standard and unwavering, and guarantees that they are undertaken in an impartial and unbiased manner. It is imperative that owners of small businesses and the official mandated with contracting to understand and have a full comprehension of the FAR (Koprince, 2012). Failure to understand the regulation leads to pricey pitfalls, such as those which will be discussed in this essay. The Inchcape Shipping Service ...

Having a job is very important to many individuals, especially because of the difficult economic times that we are living in today. At the same time, though, another reason why getting an efficient job can be difficult, is because of the state of the economy as well. As Donald Trump mentioned during his debate with Hillary Clinton recently, American’s economy is a bubble at the moment, and one slip could end up causing a recession, like what has happened in 2008. However, it is also important to mention that as the years have gone by, the economy continues ...

Question 1 Response: Creating a new Constitution was vital to the unity of the United States of America since the Articles of Confederation weren’t sufficient for good government. If there was any evidence of this, it was that the United States was clearly bankrupt and now needed to be organized in such a manner that both the States and the Federal government had to share power in such a manner that everyone’s interests were kept in mind. A centralized approach was key to putting the country back on track. Hence, a meeting was held in the Pennsylvania ...

Discussion

In this report, we will prepare the pro forma income and balance sheet financial statements for The Boeing Company using the percentage of sales method. The financial statements used in this analysis are included in the appendix section of this report. The percentage of sales method is a technique used in financial forecasting and is employed by business entities to predict their annual growth of sales and the amount of financing that will be required for the firm's goals to be accomplished. The sales growth is, therefore, key the to this process and has been determined before the preparation ...

Discussion Questions appending to Nespresso Business Market Strategic Management.

Question #1 – Business Background, Definition, Role and Scope The scope of business definition extends beyond Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in theory, or celebrity endorsements. The strategically-priced encapsulated Nespresso coffee, for machines development, capitalizes on an emotional goods category. According to a report by Conley, Bican, and Ernst (2013) the 1986 Nestlé of Switzerland launch segmented a role for coffee-enjoyers to receive premium product in hermetically sealed pouches filled beforehand. The concept underlying the performance of the unit, boosted by a fancy international campaign dangling the face of movie star, George Clooney, thus by accomplishing a move away from the ...

Introduction

The main issues with Parmalat include the ineffective audit planning process and risk management. The company was involved in the fraud and misrepresentation of the financial statements. In addition, due to ineffective audits the company had to face severe consequences at the end. There is a need to implement effective audit strategies and risk management process.

It is important for the auditors to confirm cash balances with the financial institutions that are used in the cash reconciliation of the company like Parmalat. By using standard from confirmation, the auditor requests financial institutions to confirm by examining their records about ...

In American politics, the association between Congress and the President has been, as one would expect where there is a division of powers, challenging. The Founding Fathers developed a system of checks and balances as the foundation on which the States ratified the American Constitution. As a result, and with one branch of the government writing laws and determining budgets that another branch has to execute and spend respectively, an inherent tension has defined the American government. Now, every President seeks to influence policies. After elections, a country’s President is at liberty to bring his or her goals ...

The ending checkbook balance is 142.57. The outstanding checks include UNO Bookstore 121.38, blockbuster 6.12, parking sticker 18.50 and student fees 20.00 and the deposits in transit include 4/28 deposit of 75.00. The interest paid on the bank account was 1.15, and the service charges were 7.50. = 142.57 + 121.38 + 6.12 + 18.50 + 20.00 + 1.15 – 75.00 – 7.50 = 227.22 The cashbook ending balances tally with the cash balances of the bank statement where 227.22 is the end balance. The deposits and the outstanding cash deposit are listed as well as other all the credits in the check register which are not in ...

Income statement analyses

This is also called the income and expenditure account analyses or the profit and loss analyses whereby the sales less the costs should either give a profit or a loss depending on the product line. With regard to the ViiToR XP, sales are expected to rise over the next two years given the activity as has been studied over the past quarter. In the Asia Pacific region the sales are expected to rise by 17.36% each quarter based on the sales that have been lost due to stock outs. The costs of producing these products are not going to ...

Part A - The impact of accounting on the IT Development 4

Part B – Question 1 - Introducing or Upgrading Computerized Accounting Systems 5 (a) Advantages and Disadvantages of using a Computer Accounting System 5

Advantages 5

Disadvantages 5 (b) Considerations when setting up a Computerized Accounting System 6

Completion of an Accounting Cycle 6

Recording all Transactions from Manual Trial Balance 7 Running a Trial or Testing Phase 7 Verification of the Computerized Accounting System 7 (c) Chart of Accounts and Coding Structure is Followed by Impetus Limited 8

Part B – Question 2 - Accounting Packages 8

(a) The Features of an Accounting Package 8

Security 8

Reporting 9 Interdepartmental Operations 10 (b) ‘Module’ in an Accounting Package and its Purpose 10 (c) ‘Integrated’, ‘Semi-Integrated’ and ‘Non-Integrated’ Modules ...

Against the background of the degradation of the political elites who are supporters of the dying hegemony, nowadays, there is the growing disillusionment between the average Americans about today's domestic and foreign policy and liberal values ​​in general. The protest of American society and dissatisfaction with the course of globalist elites has reached a qualitatively new level. The epitome of this phenomenon is a figure of Donald Trump - US presidential candidate, who showed excellent results in the course of the race. All in all, each American president has used a system of power in order to govern the ...

Identify the three branches of Texas government and describe their functions.

Texas was admitted as the 28th State back on 29 December 1845. This was nine years after its secession from Mexico in 1836. The current constitution of Texas was adopted in the year 1876 (“Texas State Government at a Glance, n.d.”). As a result, the Texas’ government operates under its Constitution, which comprises a type of unitary democracy for its state government, one that uses the Dillon Rule in addition to governments both at the municipal and county levels (“Abbott, n.d.”). The Constitution of Texas divides the power of state movement into three specific departments namely the legislative, executive ...

Successful planning, construction, and completion of a large scale project like the one undertaken for completing the One World Trade Center is not easy since it requires a strategic focus on the construction plans in a realistic manner. Project leaders need to give external reviewers an opportunity to have an outside view of the whole project and suggest ways that can ensure completion within the stipulated time while avoiding deviations from the initial budget. The delays experienced during the construction of the Freedom Tower create the impression of how ineffective functional operations can lead to major changes in designs ...

INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF VIETNAM

INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF VIETNAM

Summary

Vietnam has changed in the last thirty years from an agrarian country to a service and manufacture country leader in the world in growth and economic activity. The country has a communist system legally but, in the practice, the country has a liberal policy in the economy signing the Trans-Pacific Free Trade Agreement but maintaining the political control under the rule of one party. The country offers opportunities and risks for individual and corporation with the intention to invest.

Introduction

Vietnam is known in the world as the country where United States of America lost a ...

Introduction

Tingyi Holding Corporation is the Chinese company that deals in the production and distribution of instant noodles, baked products, and beverages. The company also produces soft drink under its brand name of Master Kong. The company is the largest manufacturer of instant noodles in China. Tingyi Holding Corporation was established in 191 by the Wei Brothers of Taiwan. The company got listed in 1996. The soft drink brand of the company, Master Kong, was declared to be the second most recognized brand in China. The company started producing instant noodles in 1992 under the brand name of Master Kong ...

Executive Summary

The paper represents the business plan of an innovative idea that is to introduce training facility center in Florida. There is high scope in the market due to the availability of a large number of cops. The training center will provide all the related facilities to the individuals that can be availed in the training centers. It is the new concept to provide a platform to the trainees for their self-practice. Effective marketing strategies are required to attract customers towards this new center. Sales strategy is prepared that is to provide membership by paying off a subscription fee once. ...

When Federalists and Anti-Federalists were debating about the new U.S. Constitution, one of the most controversial issues was the balance of power between the national and state governments. In order give more power to the national government, Federalists had to take into account Anti-Federalists’ views and introduce three branches of power that would be empowered to control each other. James Madison, one of America’s founding fathers, wrote in The Federalist Papers that “power is of an encroaching natureit ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it.” (Cited in The Federalist Papers Project 19). It ...

Abstract

Do the imbalances in current accounts still matter in today’s deep global financial markets that exhibit two-way gross economic flows that dwarf the new outcomes provided by current accounts? Contrasting the adult perception of the world and complete markets, extreme current account imbalances indicate severe financial and macroeconomic stresses, particularly as was the case in the mid-2000s. The increasingly massive valuation differences in nations’ net global investment standards and positions, as well as risk allocations, cannot be relied upon to offset the variations in regional wealth systematically as implied in the current accounts. The same conditions that warrant ...

According to Porter & Norton, (2007), accounting cycle refers to a series of steps that are performed in each accounting period and that climax in the preparation of some financial statements. The accounting cycle is necessitated by the time period principle of accounting that requires the preparation of financial statements on a periodic basis. In the items listed, three are steps in the accounting cycle. These are;

Post Transactions in the Ledger

The totals of various transactions are transferred from the journals to the ledger periodically. In a manual system, the frequency of posting the transactions depend on the level of activity in the business ...

The US Constitution was born amidst the uncertainty and the instability that the Articles of Confederation could not correct. In crafting the set of “institutional arrangements of government” (Lowi et al 2015, p. 40), which was believed to result in the strengthening the union of the various states that the Articles were not able to do, the framers had to tread a delicate balance between state independence and federal government power. Their deliberation of the document was largely underpinned by lessons from past historic experiences that underscored the weaknesses of the Articles. In crafting the Constitution, there were several ...

Adjusting process is the method of analyzing and correcting the accounts at the end of the period before the preparation of the financial statements while the journal entries that always update the accounts at the end of every accounting period is the adjusting entries (Godwin & Alderman, 2012). Firstly, it is important to make the appropriate journal analysis of each transaction during the adjustment procedure. Secondly, post every transaction to the respective ledgers. However, at the end of the accounting period, several balances in the ledger account can be reported without any change in the financial statements. For instance, the ...

The American political system as it was formulated by the Founding Fathers and written down in the Constitution was based on a particularly eighteenth century vision of liberal government based on Enlightenment ideals. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights as a document is a great example of what the priorities and values of the Framers of the Constitution were. The values of the Framers which they fought a war against Great Britain over basically centered around the belief in limited government, the decentralization of power and the separation of powers combined with a system of checks and balances. ...

The Key Constitutional Concepts is a film that focuses the creation of the American Constitution during the historic Constitutional Convention (Key Constitutional Concepts). It has three segments that examine the creation of the American Constitution and two constitutional conflicts that were landmark cases of the Supreme Court. The cases include Youngstown V. Sawyer and Gideon V. Wainwright and Youngstown v. Sawyer. Specifically, the first section of the three-part documentary examines the creation of American Constitution (Key Constitutional Concepts). In 1787, the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia’s Independence Hall brought together the Founding Fathers who faced the daunting task ...

The principle of separation of powers is one of the oldest at common law, having been enunciated by John Locke in his Constitutional theory. In his treatise, Civil Government, he argued that it would be a wrong for the same person to have law making powers and the powers to execute the same law. According to him, such powers were vested in the same institution or group of persons, there would be a great temptation of such individuals to use such powers to their own benefit and also to exempt themselves from their application. This principle was later modified ...

Several accounting transactions occurred during the month of December 20X5 and were as follows:

A withdrawal was made at a value of £15,000 from the business for the personal use of the owner. An existing retail store was purchased by the company for £150,000 on December 1. 10 desktops were purchased at a total cost of £3,500. The purpose of which is for the administrative and retail operations of the business. 10 printers totalling to £500 and miscellaneous computer accessories worth £275 were purchased. The purpose of which is to improve the purchase ordering as well as the selling operations of the business. 5 security cameras and other shop fittings ...

Conclusion about the economy

The conclusion made after the April 27th FOMC meeting is that the interest rates paid were to be left unchanged while the excess reserves balances will be charged a 0.50 percent. In addition, as a decision policy, the board voted towards authorizing and directing the Open Market Desk at New York’s Federal Reserve Bank and until further instructions are given, the transactions will be executed in the System Open Market Account. This will be in accordance with the domestic policy directive that was earlier initiated. Ensuring that interest rates are not increased will foster economic development as firms ...

Posting in accounting is a process that involves the shifting of the balances in the general journal and those in the sub-ledgers into the general journal. Only the totals of the sub-ledger transferred to the general ledger and not the individual transactions. Posting can be done daily or monthly depending on the accounting manager’s decision (Bragg, 2013). The following are the steps involved in the posting in the accounting system. Identify and analyze transactions: Once the transaction is identified, it’s analyzed to see the accounts affected and the figures to be recorded (Franzel, 2009). The steps involved ...

The first image that comes to mind when thinking about the ethical implications of defense engineering is the first scene in the movie Real Genius, where several men who represent a counsel of defense are sitting around a table watching video clips of a new weapon that is being developed at Caltech University. This was an idea for the end of the 20th century. The movie was filled with ethical questions and moral imperatives that imply the ideas of ethical technology in the military. Science, University Students, and Engineers make a significant contribution to the advancement of defense technology. ...

The importance of accountability in the health care industry

The core of accountability is answerability, which means bearing the responsibility to answer questions that pertain to the decisions and actions made (Brinkerhoff, 2003, p.11). This constitutes procedures or processes by which one subscribes to and is obliged to provide a justification as one is held responsible for his/her action by another entity who has interest in the actions. Given the nature of the word, two questions arise in the discussion of accountability: 1. what was done, and 2. why was it done. Sanction is another term that is closely linked to accountablity, and this denotes penalties in relation ...

Conflicts in the African continent are notorious with their complexity. There are host of reasons for that. These include the complicated history of Africa, especially of the last several centuries when existing divergences were accentuated by the presence of colonists who imposed new circumstances and conditions. These also include many natural reasons stemming from climate conditions and geopolitical situation of Africa. These include as well the ethnical and tribal divergences that turned out to be the major fueling factor in the conflict that set it ablaze for almost fifteen years. There is one thing I am going to make ...

Medical billing is an iterative process that involves the translation of a healthcare service or product in a billing claim. Ideally, the medical biller has the responsibility to make sure the healthcare institution receives sufficient reimbursement for the services provided by the medical practitioners. The responsibility of the biller may vary from one institution to the other based on size and capacity of the healthcare facility. Ultimately, the medical biller must have specialized knowledge regarding medical records and just like the medical coder; they must have strong familiarity with ICD-9-CM, CPT and HCPCS level II codes (Smiley, 2012). Most ...

A democratic government is where citizens of a particular country are given the mandate to vote and elect leaders who will govern the county for a certain period of time. As such the citizens are given the chance to get involved in electing the leaders of their choice. Additionally, apart from electing leaders, the citizens are also involved in making decisions on other sphere of governance, for instance, issues concerning the promulgation of the constitution by accepting or rejecting a change of the constitution through voting exercise. As such, in a democratic country, the majority group decides how such ...

Zara is using the Microsoft Disk Operating System (DOS) which has become obsolete since Microsoft is no longer providing support. With the withdrawal of support, it is risky for Zara to continue using DOS. In case, they encounter a technical problem, or the system fails, the entire operations of the company could stall; from selling points at the stores to inventory management, as well as productions would be slowed down. The only result from this is a reduction in the number of sales volumes or no sales at all which will be a crippling loss in revenue. Besides, the ...

The accounting scandal Toshiba faces spanned over seven years, involved millions of dollars, and resulted in resignation of several top level management officers. The CEOs appeared to be directly related to scandal. While they did not implicitly instruct anyone in accounting to “cook the books” they placed pressure on the accounting unit and subordinate staff to produce the desired numbers (Carpenter, 2015). The corporate culture of obedience to high level management played a large factor in the subordinate staff to obey the directives regardless of the incorrect nature of the reporting. The scandal was a result of over-inflated profits ...

Chapter 4: Analysis and Findings

Analysis and Findings Given the survey responses, the following is the presentation as well as interpretation of the results regarding the expenditure and cash management services as well as payment methods. The survey results from the 30 respondents are presented in graphs and tables indicating the company’s efficiency regarding the application of strategies and various approaches. That is then used as a guide to where it needs to enhance the management.

Challenges: There are numerous challenges that business faces in cash and expenditure management. In that respect, the company’s challenges can be summarized as follows. The rise ...

The creation of cash flow statement was done by the FASB so that the stakeholders of the business including creditors, owners, and managers can receive a higher amount of information about the receipts and expenditures of cash. Though there is the provision of showing the cash balances in the balance sheet at the end of every period, there is no further information given on the balance sheet, statement of owner’s equity or income statement. The creation of a cash flow statement solves this problem without fail. The basic purpose of a cash flow statement is the provision of ...

Introduction

International trade, which involves an exchange of goods and services across the geographical boundaries of a country, is one of the major determinants of the economic stability of a country. The volume of trade indicates the effect of trade on the economies of the participating countries. The economy of the United Kingdom has continuously experienced expansion despite the presence of rampant unemployment and inflation until the 2008 recession. This resulted from the failure of the government to take actions to correct economic instabilities (Washington et al. n.p). The relative value of currency between countries involved in exchange is essential ...

The United States Supreme Court should be independent of any influence by other federal branches of government. Therefore, the institution should be steered clear of any political pressures or any political affiliations. It should be allowed to make clear and unbiased rulings in any case or issue that is presented to it by considering the integrity of the nation as well the court itself. The balance between the legislative and executive organs of the government has been achieved by the United States Supreme Court by delivering rulings in a proper and unbiased manner without being influenced by any of ...

Introduction

The decision as to the form of business structure that one chooses depends on quite a number of things. There are different legal requirements in New Zealand for running different forms of business structures. For instance, there is a minimum number of people of people required to start a private limited company. There are also tax implications in whichever form of business structure that an investor chooses. For instance, for partnerships, only partners are taxed on their share of partnership profits earned (Collier, 2003). On the other hand, limited liability companies are taxed at a corporate tax rate on ...

Introduction

The United States established the Federal Reserve institution in 1913. This central bank was responsible for safeguarding the economy of the United States by raising and lowering the interest rates that the borrowers have to pay to the lenders (Grey, 2002). This paper will determine how exactly the Federal Reserve is controlling the interest rates. It also examines why the interest rates influence the broader economy of the U.S. However, before the establishment of the Federal Reserve Bank, there was economic panic, and this was caused by emergency banking that was the common events as the prospective investors would ...

Savings defines the part of income which is not spent. Savings which is economic variable defines quantifies a person’s physical quality of life and standards of living. Proper banking is effective to improve one’s standards of living. It is the obligations of banks to become creative and create an efficient banking environment in the financial market. Implementing saving habits during the earlier days assist a person and family to attain a more stable life than a person who has no savings (Cummings 2). Embracing norms of saving money is a mode of safeguarding one from protecting someone ...