Essays on Intelligence Agencies

Introduction

The Congress plays a critical role in the running of a state by performing several functions. It is formed by members who are elected by people to represent them on matters about the making and passing of the laws of the state. It is mainly involved in the making and passing of the bills and budgets of a country. Therefore, it is evident that the Congress is a critical organ in the governing of a country. As a vital organ of the government, Congress ensures that the strategic intelligence of the country is controlled in the most appropriate way. ...

INTRODUCTION

With the collapse of the USSR towards the stretch of the last decade of the last century, the Cold War – that delicate seesaw balance of power between the United States and the Union Soviet Socialist Republic – ended resulting significant changes, especially in the areas of intelligence and espionage. Russia’s standing in the international community as a superpower has diminished and presumably, its capabilities in intelligence gathering. Prior to the end of th4e Cold War, Russia closely competed with the US in terms of intelligence gathering and collection. Russia’s chief intelligence arm is the notorious KGB known for ...

Intelligence is the process through which a particular type of information is taken from collection, evaluation, analysis, integration, interpretation and finally dissemination. The information collection process is a critical national security activity that every country needs to protect from foreign and terrorist invasions. Information gathering process entails a variety of activities from the essential eavesdropping, spies, open sources such as radio and publications to technological sources that require a lot of expertise (Nimon, 2013). The introduction of information technology after the Cold War and the numerous developments in technology has made this collection process easier. The scope of intelligence ...

Background

There have been numerous conspiracy theories offered in lieu of explanations surrounding the assassination of President John F. Kennedy (JFK) in 1963(“John F. Kennedy: Assassination or Conspiracy, n.d.”). In addition, details about the assassination have been uncertain for the last 40 plus years due to the fact that many of the tapes with information and evidence have been tampered with, and so many legal experts and scholars, and historians have refuted a lot of the information published on the case and deem them unreliable (“John F. Kennedy: Assassination or Conspiracy, n.d.”). In addition, due to the irregularities and ...

Is Edward Snowden a Traitor or a Hero?

In this research paper, we would like to talk about the controversy that chases the society on every corner of the 21st century and how our beloved Social Media can become a reason of the risk. Also, the main topic of our research is a life story of one of the most controversial personalities alive nowadays. He is a true superhero. The authorities hate him, simple people rely on him. The man who was not afraid to disclose the confidential data of the US government in order to protect the people of the whole wide world. One may say ...

The giant technology company, Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation were involved in a fight that gathered attention from all over the world. The standoff regards the breaking of an encryption of the terrorist responsible for the San Bernardino attack. The government claimed that unlocking the phone was important in their investigation of the family and the terrorist group he may have been involved in. Apple declined the request to create a backdoor for the encryption since it would be a violation of privacy. However, the government would consistently insist that it would use the backdoor tool only ...

INTRODUCTION

In 2001, New York City wakes up to horrific attacks caused by the al-Qaeda terrorist of September 11, on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon buildings. As a result, the political leaders declared a "war on terrorism" which was to include more than 60 countries as enemies and planned to last for fifty years. In the same year, President Bush allocated $379 billion in Pentagon budget that included $48 billion for fighting terrorism. The parameters and nature of the war on terrorism, however, continue to be frustratingly unclear. The war on terrorism contained elements of war and non-war. ...

Intelligence Community

In the weeks and the months following the 9/11 attacks the press evokes a huge failure of intelligence. Experts and Veterans of Special Services were asked to provide explanations, and often drive the point: "You cannot imagine how this goes wrong, - said Bob Baer - , ​​a former CIA officer. The White House was saved when Flight 93 one that crashed in Pennsylvania! And that's why you pay thirty billion dollars? This has resulted in the largest series of surveys since the mid-1970s. The largest was conducted by the National Commission on the 11 September. Supported by the powerful ...

1. What is the purpose of homeland security education and how are you different now that you have completed the course?

The purpose of homeland security education is to teach and prepare students to become effective leaders and professionals in emergency management, disaster relief and counter-terrorism. Through the study of homeland security, I have seen and gained a better understanding that homeland security is not a one agency issue but one that affects and incorporates the work of a wide-range of departments including immigration, border control, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Understanding the complexity of it all is helpful in ...

The events of September 11, 2001 will forever remain etched in the memories of many people. The attacks on United States left many in horror; beyond the gruesome murders and the maiming of thousands, the security of Americans and the rest of the world in general remain volatile. The US congress moved swiftly to enact laws as the government sought to tighten the security of its people. However, some of the security measures the government took have been condemned by civil rights activists as infringing on the civil liberties of Americans.

Civil liberties are, “the personal freedoms and ...

Introduction

Terrorist is a national issue, and every country should have great mechanism of dealing with this issue that is threatening the security of many nations. Various studies have recommended changes in various approaches used to respond to terrorism. Terrorism threat has generated debates concerning the organizational aspect of the problem. They have focused on organizational structure, intelligent, collection and budgetary priorities. Various studies have suggested a bigger role to the military in combating terrorism while others call for a new structure which will fight terrorism.

How to develop counter-terrorism plan

The United States safeguard their core values. They stand for equity, dignity, hope, freedom and opportunity for ...

Externally, U.S. intelligence community faces unprecedented challenges amid sweeping national and international political, economic and social changes. Striking failures to meet counterterrorism and intelligence objectives in both national and international arenas indicate current tools and policies are short of closing growing gaps between intelligence work as is performed by existing intelligence agencies and hostile states, groups or individuals, locally and abroad. Counterterrorism and intelligence are still viewed in older, established Soviet-era framework (McConnell, 2007; Turner, 1991; Godson, 2010). Flaws in counterterrorism and intelligence work is, further, attributed to a set of a factors including, but are not limited to, lack of ...

The freedom of movement using a plane was restricted to those only in the ‘fly ‘list. This was also enforced by increasing the surveillance electronic gadgets in both airports and bus stop stations. The individual freedom of privacy was breached due to the increase of electronic surveillance by intelligence agencies. Anyone entering or leaving the country had to be inspected and was to provide legal identification. All the foreigners had to provide a clear and understandable reason as to why they were entering the country. However, the ability of the citizens to move around the country did not have a wide scale ...

Middle East has been on the boil in the recent past due to the rise of ISIS brand of Islamic fundamentalism and the demand for democracy and human rights by people in many Arab countries. The role of America in shaping the Middle East policy has been profound since the decline of UK as the world’s superpower. Being one of the major suppliers of oil and gas to America, Middle East is a place of strategic importance for USA and other western countries. American indirectly controls the Middle East politics by maintaining close ties with the local regimes and ...

Counterterrorism and Intelligence Framework: A policy recommendation to the U. S. Department of Homeland Security 1. Introduction President Geogre W. Bush on 20th September 2001, exactly after 9 days of the 9/11 attack and a major governmetal transformation took place and annouced the establisment for office of the homeland Securities within the white house for contradiction of terrirism in U.S. The U.S intelligence is prepared with diverse several agencies and organisations within the executive branch and work both independently and collaboratively to gather the intelligence fundamental to conduct the national security activities. The intelligence community efforts to ...

Arunabha Banerjee

Senior Associate, Corporate & Compliance Solutions, Thomson Reuters Abstract The enactment of the USA-Patriot Act in the wake of the 9/11 incident has caused much furor. However, we cannot afford to be short sighted in our analysis by focusing excessively on the threats posed to the individual liberties and notions of privacy. In spite of the aggressive intrusions in various aspects, the law also comes with adequate safeguards and rests on a solid foundation of accountability. If the administration remains careful regarding certain aspects of the implementation process, this piece of legislation can become an effective tool in combating ...

CHAPTER 1: The Evolution of Police Administration

This book upon police administration and its structure, processes, and behavior encompasses the history of policing and what policing means in today’s world. Similar to all other realities of life, the structure of the police has evolved over the years. The concept of policing is the same that is, to maintain law and order, but the methodology has been adapted to the requirements of the society. In other words, it can also be said that societal pressures have changed policing practices to ensure a more disciplined society. People need to adapt their behavior to their external environment in order ...

Intelligence Agencies

Many intelligence agencies in the United States and even all over the world are under the government agency. The intelligence agency is always responsible for any analysis, collections, and exploitation of information and intelligence that supports the objectives of the law enforcement, defense, national security, and foreign policy. This kind of agency is the means of gathering information both unconcealed and secret, and it includes communication interception, espionage, and cooperation with other institution, cryptanalysis, and the evaluation of any public sources. After a thorough overview, I have chosen these three intelligence agencies as the best among the other intelligence ...

Introduction

The railroad system is an important contributor to the US economy. A disturbance in the system could have serious consequences to the transportation network and the economy at large. A high number of counter measures have been instituted to prevent attacks that would cause disturbance. However, the existing defensive measures entrenched in the railroad system may not be sufficient to guarantee safety against all attacks that may be made against it. If enemies or rivals spot points of weakness, they may initiate attacks to disrupt service or harm human lives. Information is critical for any successful attack to occur. ...

The issue of national security is a very critical and sensitive issue in the U.S., because of past terrorist attacks. The government has a duty to protect its people and hence it puts in place measures that can prevent future attacks. The NSA ”Information Assurance (AI)” is tasked with the responsibility of executing measures that prevent enemies of the U.S. from gaining access to sensitive information or classified security information (NSA). The “signals intelligence (SIGINT)” collects, analyses, processes, and dispatches foreign information signals for purposes of intelligence, counterintelligence, and support of military operations (NSA). The NSA’s is crucial because timely ...

The United States of America was arguably the safest nation in the world until the 9/11 terrorist attacks the sent chilling messages. From henceforth, America and indeed Americans have had a suspicious approach to matters of security. It has consequently been in the nation’s interest to harness all of its intelligence agencies with the objective of working together in protecting Americans. In that vein, it is should be appreciated that all levels of governments including the federal, state and local governments have their unique roles to play in matters of intelligence. In brief, it is noteworthy that the complicated ...

Which is the Greatest Threat to the U. S. Foreign Intelligence Organizations: Which is the Greatest Threat to the U.S.

Introduction

The United States of America has always been considered as one of the Super countries in the world. Considering all the inventions, advanced infrastructure, evolving internet security tactics, and more, the U.S. remains on top of its game. However, despite being a great country, it is not guaranteed that it will remain on the top position as other countries begin to make themselves known through their own inventions and initiatives. In addition, it has several other competitors in the ...

Introduction

Criminality is one of the most complicated concepts in the study of social sciences. Understanding criminal behavior is an uphill task considering that gurus in the field of criminology have yet to reach a consensus on whether or not criminality is a rational conduct. Currently, most criminologists argue that criminals are rational human beings and, considering that, the criminals are usually sober minded people, criminal conduct is a rational conduct since the people committing the offense are sane and know what they want. Apparently, the aims of most criminals have been connected to human wants, usually physical wants. What people have yet ...

Introduction

“The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11” is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book for general nonfiction by American author Lawrence Wright. The book was published in the year 2006, five years after the disastrous 9/11 attacks of 2001. Amongst all of Wright’s publications, this book has been the most captivating and the quick seller of its time. It provides a historical and a detailed insight into the back ground of the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda, founded by Osama Bin Laden and his companions. What was the background of these people, how they have spent their childhood and more importantly how ...

The 9/11 attacks are termed as the most horrendous terrorist attacks ever. The attacks changed how the world and US viewed terrorism as and increased their intolerance towards the ghastly acts of terrorism. Though the attacks of 9/11 are blamed on Al-Qaeda led by Osama Bin Laden, there were certain decisions and failures by US intelligence agencies like FBI and CIA that contributed to the success of these attacks, which claimed thousands of innocent lives. The two premiere intelligence agencies of US, FBI and CIA had clear communication and coordination failure that was unearthed in the future investigations. ...

Looking back on the actions of the major players in the United States in the weeks, months, and even years leading up to the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, it is easy to find fault. There are frequent tales of ignored warnings, of experts speaking about the dangers of radical groups in the Middle East and being shunted to the side for other, more pressing issues. The attacks on America on September 11th, 2001 represented the largest loss of American life in a non-military related event in the course of American history (“Remembering 9/11,” ...

Intelligence community oversight

Arguably, issues of security in the world are considered to play a tremendous role in a progress of a nation. To oversee intelligence is often controversial, perplexing as well as difficult responsibility to undertake. The conditions and difficulties of the intelligence community oversight arise as a result of sensitivity and secrecy that surround intelligence conclusion, sources, methods, findings, dissemination, as well as the competition that exist between the executive and the legislature on issues of accessibility and influence. As a matter of fact, the duties of the intelligence community oversight are shared by the legislature and the executive branches of government. In this case, ...

Many in government and in the media have been extremely critical of the intelligence community, and in particular the FBI (Federal Bureau of investigation) because of the failure to detect and prevent the attacks by terrorists on 9/11. In the immediate aftermath a congressional inquiry into the attacks pointed specifically to the FBI for its prior failure to focus on possible domestic terrorism. In particular, this inquiry found that the FBI failed to collect useful intelligence, carefully analyze the intelligence they did have and (perhaps most importantly) to quickly and fully share the results of their intelligence gathering with other ...

The United States (U.S.) was attacked on 9/11 in such a way that even surpasses the attack on Pearl Harbor. At least during WWII the country knew who its enemies were. However, although the terrorist group(s) that attacked and caused the collapse of the Twin Towers are known, they are hidden. That leaves the U.S. Government scrambling to find these concealed enemies that are either still on U.S. soil or planning more attacks from abroad. It will be necessary to look at the ethical dilemmas involved with the USA PATRIOT Act (“Epic.org”, n.d.), in regards to authorization of ...

Intelligence is as essential to modern armies as ammunition." Brigadier General Joseph E. Kuhn. When stripped to its minimum basics, intelligence would be defined as the methodical or organized efforts to gain an advantage over a competition (mostly in war) using covert or secret means. Intelligence entails four basic kinds of interrelated activities: firstly, gathering information, mostly in secret; secondly, carrying out secret or covert operations, thirdly, shielding, or safeguarding the parent organization from compromise, along with examining the findings, and the outcomes (what has been discovered). Intelligence has been a major dynamic in the American history ever since the times ...

Abstract

The term surveillance originates from the French language and it means “watching over” Surveillance is the act of monitoring activities and behavior as well as people’s surreptitious changing of information. Surveillance mostly refers to a private observation of individuals or groups of people by government organizations. Also, disease surveillance is process of monitoring the disease progress in a given community. The term surveillance can as well be applied to distance observations by electronic equipment means. A good example of electronic equipments used for surveillance is a CCTV camera. Another surveillance method is through electronically transmitted information interceptions through phones calls and ...