Essays on Traffic Control

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Introduction

Technology advancement is a requirement for all public systems where users come in large numbers. One such critical functioning system is the Air Traffic Control system of the America. America’s Air Traffic Control (ATC) system had been running for the past 40 years and catering to the burgeoning traffic at the airports. At any given time in the United States, approximately 7000 aircraft are flying in the country’s airspace. The country’s air traffic system had been catering to the ever increasing demand. However, it ...

SYSTEM SAFETY ENGINEERING

Question #1 What are some possible negative outcomes of having replaced older electromechanical controls with computerized and digitalized controls? Before the era of computerized and digital controls, electromechanical controls were widely used. The switch from electromechanical controls to the computer and digital controls were motivated by the advantages the latter controls offered. For example, computerized and digitized controls not only offer a greater flexibility but also the ability to reprogram them dynamically when there is a need to change utility operation characteristics (Willis, 2004). Despite their disadvantages, computerized and digitalized controls have been found to play a key role ...

When roads are full of cars and buses and trucks, we get traffic congestion which is a serious issue that every country has to face. The congestion of traffic defies the smooth movement of vehicles in suburban areas and prevents a smooth flow of vehicles. In urban areas with a high growth rate traffic causes problems in their daily life. The problem of congestion cannot be easily fixed by just applying physical constructions such as bridges, motorways and the widening or improvement of existing roads. There is a requirement to create some new form of technology to assist transportation ...

Literature Review Assignment

Literature Review Assignment

Introduction

Among all the main modes of transportation, most individuals prefer to travel by air transportation or airplanes. The air travel stays as a large and growing industry and it facilitates tourism, economic growth, international investment, world trade, and is vital to the globalization of many industries. However, incidents of midair collisions that involved commercial planes called the attention of the public. In this event, the United States is promoting aviation safety. The influence of the American government is experienced in all areas of aviation from certifying the aircraft airworthiness, providing funds and establishing standards for the ...

A new model for controlling traffic in urban has been proposed. The main aim is to use the system to maximize the network throughput and use its signals to meet the changing traffic demand. It is modeled as a Discrete Event System (DES).It has sensors, observers and a controller. These models support the off-line planning of vehicles, traffic lights setting and road networks. It has signals that detect the arrival and departure of vehicles. The controller controls how the vehicles arrive and depart.

The model also represents behavioral conflicts. Two vehicles may attempt to occupy the same zone. In ...

U.S. GENERAL AVIATION INDUSTRY U.S. General Aviation Industry in Regards to Business and Corporate Flying

Introduction

In order to understand the organization of the United States’ aviation industry, there are several factors that are necessary to note, and that will guide us in understanding how it has been organized, and its operation with regards to the changing internal and external aspects and situations within the United States, and beyond. One of the key things, for example, to note includes the fact that the changes and instability of the United States’ economy has severely affected various industries across the nation, ...

Introduction

Aviation industry is on its high business from its evolution in 19th century to today. Air travel has maintained strong growth of around 7% per year in the last decade. During peak hour times, only in the United States, about 5,000 airplanes are in the sky in an hour. There are approximately 50,000 aircraft flying in US skies each day. These figures help us to understand the complexity in operations related to these flights as these flights needs to departure, arrival and these aircraft should not collide to each other. These all functions are performed by a traffic control ...

- What does the USA PATRIOT Act permit with regard to the surveillance of suspected terrorists? Based on past experiences and ongoing public debate, what public criticism might arise if I speak out in favor of increasing the use of surveillance?

The USA PATRIOT Act, which stands for “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism,” holds the explicit objective of expanding surveillance activities, as part of an immediate response to the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks (EPIC). Being a counterterrorist response by Congress, the USA PATRIOT Act was signed into law by ...

- In order to establish the basis of this interview the first question that I would like to ask is do you think air traffic should be privatized? - Do you think that politics is affecting the running of air traffic controller hence privatization being the solution to this problem? - What are some of the contentious issues that you think affect the controllers of air traffic? - Will privatization lead to the laying off of controllers and if so how is this going to affect the economy if it does? - Do you think ...

In spite of the fact that significant milestones have been made in airline technology, cases of many commercial airlines landing on the wrong airports continue to be on the rise. Although cases of commercial aircraft landing on the wrong airfield are not very common, this does not imply that they are unheard of in the United States. Commercial flights in the United States landed or began to land erroneously in other airports several times in the last two decades. However, the actual figures could be higher than the ones reported by the media and the relevant authorities. There are ...

English

Electronic control systems and computers are the most important parts of modern life. And the most terrible misfortune for humanity nowadays would be to lose all computers simultaneously. There are no big cities on earth today that exist without automatic control systems at all. For example, water and energy supply is implemented using computer technology. It is not difficult to get almost any kind of information the modern world. Earlier, people used to visit libraries and read newspapers and magazines. Now we simply need to type a few words and a huge amount of interesting information becomes available in a second. ...

(Author Name) (Institute) - Briefly summarize the history of Air Traffic Control / NAS. Include an explanation of some key players and events. (1-2 pages) The evolution of Air Traffic Control began with the Post Office scheduling regular flights in 1918. The commercial air industry encouraged and supported the Air Commerce Act of 1926, which lent Federal support to the aviation industry. Subsequent to the act, which charged the Secretary of Commerce with key tasks such as fostering air commerce, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certificating aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining ...

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Abstract The airline and aviation industry belong to a service industry. This industry is among the highly competitive industries and comes under the category of advanced technology and safety sensitive. The industry deals with the customer, employees and the associated people. The industry is very diverse in every aspect in terms of culture, operational activities and the services it services. The vast workforce belonging to the industry is trained to reduce the human error in this field and to increase the quality performance. The study has analyzed the significance of human resource management practices in this industry. The ...

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Introduction Traffic control system is extremely important for any country because they help in regulating and directing a vehicle or pedestrian movement. This is especially important in areas where construction is underway; accidents can become a major cause or there is road diversion or disruption. Traffic control system ensures that active response teams are readily available, and rescue workers are available 24 hours a day in case of any emergency. Traffic control system has CCTV cameras deployed in different areas where they monitor the traffic control of especially heavy traffic movement ...

Identification of Policy Area

Traffic congestion is when vehicles travel at speeds slower that it would be desired because there are more vehicles than a given road or road section can handle (Wigan, 1974; Cahill, 2007). Singapore was the first country to implement an urban traffic congestion-pricing scheme. The government of Singapore through the Land Transport Authority (LTA) formulates the policies to control traffic congestion in the country especially in Singapore city (Doli, 1993; Holland & Watson, 1980). The government came about the traffic control policies upon noting that the Singapore was growing at a fast rate, many people could afford cars. In early 1970s, the ...

In June 30, 1956 at around 1031hrs, a United Air Lines Douglas DC 7, N63240 and Trans World Airlines Lockheed 1049A, N6902C collided over the Great Canyon, both of them falling into the Canyon. Both regularly scheduled passenger service flights flew under Visual Flight Rules VFR.

Flight Plans

TWA Flight 2 was on an Instrument Flight Rules IFR, flying from Los Angeles in California to Kansas City in Missouri. It was scheduled to depart Los Angeles at 8:30hrs and was to fly through a controlled airway from its departure point in L.A through Daggett in California and then via various direct points off ...

Question 1

Explain why demand peaking at any airport usually becomes less acute as traffic grows. Consider seasonal peaking, day of the week peaking and hour of the day peaking. Demand peaking at any airport is usually less acute as traffic grows due to the presence of Air traffic control. This Air Traffic Control is a service guaranteed by ground-based technicians and controllers who manage the airspace and direct any within, leaving or arriving at the airport. The air traffic controllers particularly are able to halt takeoffs and clear skies if there is any unprecedented traffic at the airports. In the ...

The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is a technology that is used in tracking aircraft. This system is much different from the radar system that works by bouncing radio waves back from the terrestrial fixed antennae from airborne targets and interpreting the signal. The technology uses the typical Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology and a simple broadcast communication link as its basic components. Additionally, unlike the conventional radar system ADS-B’s accuracy is not interfered with range, target altitude or atmospheric conditions. The update intervals is also not dependent on reliability of mechanical antennae’s or rotational speeds (Weijun, Tong, & Wentao, ...

History of airplanes 4

A. Airplane accidents 5 II. Turbulence Detection 7

B. Define 7

C. Benefits 7 III. High cost 8 IV. Air Traffic Control 9 D. Define 9

E. Benefits 10

F. Consequence 10 V. Air navigation system 11

G. Define 11

Aeronautical ground light and radio facilities 11 Advanced control systems 12 Air Traffic Management (ATM) system 12 H. Benefits 13 I. Consequence 13 VI. Conclusion 13

References 15

- Introduction Aviation industry provides the only transportation networks across the globe and is thus the only dependable business for global business development and tourism. Air transportation is one of the ...

Article ReviewSuper highway: A14 to become Britain's first internet-connected road

Introduction This paper reviews and analyzes an article that deals with a current transportation issue in the UK. The subject article was published in the Guardian newspaper on 2 October 2013 and was entitled: “Super highway: A14 to become Britain's first internet-connected road”, by Juliette Garside.

Article Summary:

The article opens by reporting that a 50-mile section of the soon to be upgraded A14 trunk road connecting the important east coast container port of Felixstowe with the Midlands city of Birmingham, is set to be the first road in Britain to be equipped with sensors that – via the Internet – will wirelessly send ...

ADS-B is one of the two types of Automatic Dependent Surveillance. ADS is an Air Traffic Control (ATC) technique that tracks aircraft without the use of radar. There exists two types of Automatic Dependent Surveillance, ADS-Contract (ADS-C) and ADS-Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-C is controlled by agreements put forward by the ground station. This means that the broadcast of ADS reports is done by the ground station except in emergency situations when the flight crew can declare or cancel a reporting. Two pilots cannot communicate positional information using this system. In ADS-B, the aircraft regularly broadcasts its position to no specific ...

Introduction

The US department of defense has published various regulations governing the conduct and action military personnel and civilians within the US itself and other installation outside the US. One of the installation under which stringent rules have been established is the US Army in Europe, (AER). Among the regulations made are the traffic rules. The Driver and Vehicle Requirements and the Installation Traffic Code for the U.S. Forces in Germany, establishes an installation traffic code governing the registration requirements and operation of motor vehicles in Europe. It supersedes the earlier AER regulation given in the year 2009. This regulation ...

English is a standard language used for communication between air traffic controllers and pilots of international flights. There are two forms of using English language, Standard phraseology and plain language. Standard phraseology employs standard structure, terminology and pronunciation to promote efficiency and accuracy. On occasions when the standard phraseology is not efficient, plain language is used to deliver vital information. Communication error has been cited has the biggest causal factor in both level bursts and runway incursions into Europe. This replicated in other parts of the world where aviation accident statistics have been documented. In a bid to standardize communication ...

The efficient operation of a government requires that it adopts relevant mechanisms to control its national deficit. Even though the government can opt for other means of maintaining its national debt, the topic of sequestration is debated among many stakeholders in the servicing industry. The need to control the country’s debt has made sequestration a household term. The reduction in national debt requires that the national government initiates spending cuts in various categories of the federal structure. The process of sequestration relates to part of the Budget Control Act of 2011 that was scheduled to start at the start of ...

Abstract

Safety and efficiency factors in aviation industry have increasingly become central factors and major players have continued to improve various factors that lead to improved safety and efficiency.There has been major technological advancements that have led to the current progress in safety and efficiency in the aviation industry. However, the issue of human factor has increasingly received focus after the realization that human errors are the factors behind aviation incidents and accident. This has led to the development of knowledge, skills and flexibility of the staff in the industry ensure the exercise of good judgement, which will ensure safety ...

Abstract

This research is seeking to establish good voice interaction systems to help curb road incarnage resulting from driving distracters. To achieve this, various methods o data collection and analysis are going to be explored. Among the key methods in this research will be going through written journals, electronic sources that include the websites and website articles as well as field resources such as interviews. Existing research on voice iteractive systems will also add value to this research. However, much cannot be achieved without paying key attention to the sources and nature of driving distracters. Findings of this research paper ...

NEXTGEN is the appellation of a newly introduced National Airspace System that is due to implemented in the United States between the years of 2012 to the year 2025. The Federal Aviation Administration is responsible for the implementation and administering g of this service. The main reason for the introduction of NextGen is that it would aid the decongestion of the American Airspace via use of improved GPS technology satellites to aid in the shortening of travel routes. It is responsible for the replacement of the National Airspace system due to the transformation in the name, that is to ...

Research Paper Outline

- Introduction - Research Question - Technology and The Air Transport - Advanced Air Traffic Control Systems - Collision Avoidance and Traffic Alerts Systems - Online Reservation and Booking Systems - Social Media - Technology in the Rail Transport - Positive Train Control - Trip Optimizer Technology - Real-time Train Information System - Technology and The Maritime Transportation - Ship Motion Monitoring, Forecasting and Decision Support - Marine Automation System - Oil Mist Detection Systems - Technology and Truck Transportation - Global Positioning ...

Introduction

Autonomous guided vehicles are also referred to as automated guided vehicles or automatic guided vehicle. Its robot which follows wires or marks in a flow or any other surface that it may be guided through. They are commonly used in industries to carry materials around warehouses and other manufacturing facilities. This is useful in area where it could be difficult for human beings to carry loads. Automatic vehicles can also be applied in exploration work or where there is possibility of damage. They are used for electrical installations as well as navigation through hazardous areas especially those suspected to be ...

A brief analysis of its social, economic implications

The cyber space is becoming increasingly relevant for the world, bringing with it newer possibilities and growth. However it also brings with it a new form of threat, a cyber threat which requires a cyber security to confront it. The U.S with its vast information infrastructure, where people rely on it more than that in any other country, is particularly vulnerable. A cyber attack has ripple effects and an impact on one can have consequences for others. Several sectors in the U.S would have catastrophic consequences in case of a successful attack. The law enforcement agencies supported by legislations are constantly trying to ...

Executive Summary

This report investigates the value of a decision support system to an organization’s operations. It identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the system, as well as some of the problems that can be encountered with its implementation.

This report identifies the main strength of a decision support system to be its capability to improve the decision-making process and its cost- and time- efficiency. It also leads to better compromise solutions and improved conflict management. Its main weakness, on the other hand, is that its effectiveness relies on the decision-making process and the complexity of the problem. It also relies ...

Introduction

The implementation and use of decision support systems (DSS) in organizations are becoming more predominant in recent years. The DSS has become a part of major organizations’ operations to ensure the quality and timeliness of the goods or services provided to both internal and external customers.

This report investigates the benefits of implementing a decision support system and identifies its potential strengths and weaknesses. It also discusses the possible issues that might be encountered during its implementation, as well as the financial costs that may be involved.

Implementation of a Decision Support System for TNT

TNT is a global leader in the delivery services. They have two divisions, namely TNT ...

Following the dramatic surge in commercial airline after World War II (1939-45), there was an establishment of Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), only later to be renamed to as the Federal Aviation Administration. The agency was entrusted with many responsibilities concerning air travel in the US. They were responsible for all operations concerning the US airport. This included the control of both military and civil use of US airspace for the sake of efficiency and safety. To fulfill its responsibility FAA came up with a networker of towers to control the airport. They also came up with 20 air route control ...