Essays on Air Traffic

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In their paper named ‘Team Coordination in Escalating Situations: An Empirical Study using Mid-Fidelity Simulation, the authors Bergstrom et al., talk about the different aspects of how teams coordinate in escalating crisis situations, such as Tsunamis or Hurricane Katrina. The definition of an escalating situation is given as – a highly unpredictable, deteriorating and spreading crisis. In the event of such events, there is a marked increase in the range of cognitive and coordination skills needed to control the situation. Since the problem ...

Introduction

At present, the global positioning system (GPS) has helped in pinpointing locations and routes, saving time, providing fuel efficiency for aircrafts, and improving pilot performance. However, pilots and traffic controllers have commented on the lack of more accurate data and functionalities. Experts have also noted that GPS has a long way to go to make air traffic controllers more efficient in ensuring safe air traffic. With new technology being introduced in everyday activities, software developers and aircraft manufacturers will be able to introduce a more effective GPS in the near future (Wickens et al., 1998).

Purpose of the research

This research aims to ...

Identifying Risks

The Hong Kong International Airport is connected to over 100 destinations through over one thousand daily flight by over 100 airlines. In order to fulfill the future demand until 2030, the Airport Authority of Hong Kong (AAHK) planned for the expansion of HKIA into a three- runway system to provide support to the present runways through the introduction of the Master Plan 2030. The 2030 Master Plan of HKIA has two alternatives in its considerations. The preparation of the master plan ensures that there is transparent, unbiased process of planning and professionalism. Consequently, the Airport Authority of Hong Kong ( ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Introduction

Technology advancement is a requirement for all public systems where users come in large numbers. One such critical functioning system is the Air Traffic Control system of the America. America’s Air Traffic Control (ATC) system had been running for the past 40 years and catering to the burgeoning traffic at the airports. At any given time in the United States, approximately 7000 aircraft are flying in the country’s airspace. The country’s air traffic system had been catering to the ever increasing demand. However, it ...

BUSINESS

Several airplane crashes have become a part of aviation history but this one that took place about four decades ago is still regarded as one of the most horrifying air plane crash in which more than six hundred people lost their lives. The crash took place at the Tenerife airport which is located in the region of Atlantic. It has never been a popular place before this plane crash of history. Tenerife is governed by the Spanish government and it is situated some hundred or more miles from the Moroccan coast. The airport is a small one and is ...

SYSTEM SAFETY ENGINEERING

Question #1 What are some possible negative outcomes of having replaced older electromechanical controls with computerized and digitalized controls? Before the era of computerized and digital controls, electromechanical controls were widely used. The switch from electromechanical controls to the computer and digital controls were motivated by the advantages the latter controls offered. For example, computerized and digitized controls not only offer a greater flexibility but also the ability to reprogram them dynamically when there is a need to change utility operation characteristics (Willis, 2004). Despite their disadvantages, computerized and digitalized controls have been found to play a key role ...

(College/ University)

Hong Kong International Airport: Discussions

Ever since it’s opening in the late 1990s, Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) has grown to become one of the busiest air terminals in the world. At least 90 airliners have services to and from Hong Kong as well as other destinations on the mainland. Noted for its architectural design, efficiency, and service quality, the terminal has over the years have received numerous awards and citations from international organizations. Not only is the HKIA is a centerpiece transport infrastructure for Hong Kong, it is a global air transport terminal that provides significant revenue for the state. ...

Introduction

Ronald Wilson Reagan was the second President in American postwar history, who ruled two terms. He left office with high public credibility, and greatly contributed to the fact that Vice President George Bush in 1988 was elected as his successor. If you follow the comments of some journalists, political scientists and historians, you would see that any other President after Franklin D. Roosevelt had not implemented a big change in the life of American society than Ronald Reagan. It was about the "conservative revolution", and even "Reagan revolution". In these cases, as a rule, among the main reasons that ...

Introduction

Safety Management System is a tool of management for the oversight of safety by an organization that is carried out following an approach that is both organized and orderly. Additionally, the Safety Management System approach represents a formal, top-down approach that is adopted by businesses and organizations for the management of safety risks. It includes an approach that is systematic regarding the management of security and considers the necessary structures of the organization, accountabilities, policies as well as procedures. According to Russel (2016), the notion that the implementation of a Safety Management System is complicated, time-consuming, and expensive is ...

Introduction

Planning is a time-consuming and tedious process that is still important in the business world. Almost all of the successful businesses in the world have managed to stay on top of their game by engaging in structured and careful planning processes. Drafting a well though-out plan reduces the likelihood of making mistakes that are potentially costly. The aviation industry, just like any other business entity, thrives through informed decision making that is executed in the form of plans. Planning for the future provides a platform for the people involved to educate themselves on the strengths and weaknesses of each ...

Institutions:

Study Overview Dissertation title: Managing Safety from the Top: The Influence of Senior Managers’ Characteristics Purpose: Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen The description of senior managers by literature manager is that they are crucially influencing the safety of organization. Yet it has not been completely understood, their influence is contributed by. Thus, the thought was to investigating characteristics of senior managers with respect to their impact toward safety in management organizations in the air traffic. A safety literature review indicated that research in the area would gain from introduction of ...

Literature Review Assignment

Literature Review Assignment

Introduction

Among all the main modes of transportation, most individuals prefer to travel by air transportation or airplanes. The air travel stays as a large and growing industry and it facilitates tourism, economic growth, international investment, world trade, and is vital to the globalization of many industries. However, incidents of midair collisions that involved commercial planes called the attention of the public. In this event, the United States is promoting aviation safety. The influence of the American government is experienced in all areas of aviation from certifying the aircraft airworthiness, providing funds and establishing standards for the ...

1.0 Introduction Operating in a constantly changing business environment is a challenging task. Therefore, those organizations are most likely to develop and expand that take strategic initiative and avail opportunities available to them. However, the expansion could be international or regional where decision is made on the basis of target market and competing regions. This paper overviews case of Southwest Airline and proposes a marketing plan for expansion in a new market. 2.0 Overview of South West Airlines South West Airlines is one of the largest low-cost airline in the world. The airline was founded on 1967 by Rollin ...

Q1: The Public Authority of Civil Aviation (PACA) of Oman is the government institution that is the responsible for the air commercial and private air transport of the Oman Sultanate. The PACA does not have any responsibility for the military air transport which is the responsibility of the Ministry of Defense and the Military Forces of Oman . The PACA has created thanks to a Royal Decree of the Sultanate since 2013 with the intention to regulate all the civil aviation activities of the country and be aligned with the security and control requirements of the most important aviation and ...

U.S. GENERAL AVIATION INDUSTRY U.S. General Aviation Industry in Regards to Business and Corporate Flying

Introduction

In order to understand the organization of the United States’ aviation industry, there are several factors that are necessary to note, and that will guide us in understanding how it has been organized, and its operation with regards to the changing internal and external aspects and situations within the United States, and beyond. One of the key things, for example, to note includes the fact that the changes and instability of the United States’ economy has severely affected various industries across the nation, ...

Introduction

Aviation industry is on its high business from its evolution in 19th century to today. Air travel has maintained strong growth of around 7% per year in the last decade. During peak hour times, only in the United States, about 5,000 airplanes are in the sky in an hour. There are approximately 50,000 aircraft flying in US skies each day. These figures help us to understand the complexity in operations related to these flights as these flights needs to departure, arrival and these aircraft should not collide to each other. These all functions are performed by a traffic control ...

[Professor’s name appears here] [Date appears here]

Abstract This report delves into John Fitzgerald Kennedy Airport (JFK). It provides a brief history as well as the old and new structure of the airport. As well, it gives a panoramic view of the old and the new structural features of the Airport for the future needs.

John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) Airport: An Introduction

JFK is run by the Port Authority of New York as well as New Jersey, under a charter ratified in 1947. It is amongst the leading passenger-volume airports all over the USA, as well as the busiest international air passenger entrance, managing more air ...

- In order to establish the basis of this interview the first question that I would like to ask is do you think air traffic should be privatized? - Do you think that politics is affecting the running of air traffic controller hence privatization being the solution to this problem? - What are some of the contentious issues that you think affect the controllers of air traffic? - Will privatization lead to the laying off of controllers and if so how is this going to affect the economy if it does? - Do you think ...

In spite of the fact that significant milestones have been made in airline technology, cases of many commercial airlines landing on the wrong airports continue to be on the rise. Although cases of commercial aircraft landing on the wrong airfield are not very common, this does not imply that they are unheard of in the United States. Commercial flights in the United States landed or began to land erroneously in other airports several times in the last two decades. However, the actual figures could be higher than the ones reported by the media and the relevant authorities. There are ...

English

Electronic control systems and computers are the most important parts of modern life. And the most terrible misfortune for humanity nowadays would be to lose all computers simultaneously. There are no big cities on earth today that exist without automatic control systems at all. For example, water and energy supply is implemented using computer technology. It is not difficult to get almost any kind of information the modern world. Earlier, people used to visit libraries and read newspapers and magazines. Now we simply need to type a few words and a huge amount of interesting information becomes available in a second. ...

Ref:

Introduction: This memo communicates on a literature review conducted on the ‘Effectiveness and Efficiency of Air Traffic Control Mechanisms with Increasing Flight congestion in Dubai Aerospace’. The abstracts indicate preliminary findings on the subject matter after a review of relevant literature on the subject.

UAE AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC PLAN - 2030

United Arab Emirates (2012, November 30). UAE AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC PLAN - 2030. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icao.int%2FMeetings%2Fanconf12%2FIPs%2FANConf.12.IP.60.6.1.en.pdf&ei=VOULU_LWGqeC4ASC84Bo&usg=AFQjCNFjLDNb7V9PTUM_bA63vOPA0UAnCQ&bvm=bv.61725948,d.bGE

Abstract

The implementation of advanced Air Traffic Management techniques in the UAE will lead to optimal utilization of limited air space resource. The strategic plan seeks to implement improved ...

Executive summary

The airport industry has experienced a tremendous growth in the recent past, especially due to the increase in demand for the air travel. The impact of the growth has affected most airports management’s decision-making process whereby they have to identify and resolve various issues affecting their organization. This is a similar case experienced at Dubai international airport that faces major issues including that of congestion, national and international competition as well as dealing with customer service. The increase in traffic in the airport has made DXB the fifth busiest airport in the world and this also comes with a challenge that ...

Asiana Airlines Flight 214 crash-arrived at San Francisco International Airport on July, 2013. There were 307 individuals aboard the plane. One traveler was murdered and 182 were harmed. A second traveler likewise kicked the bucket, yet it is conceivable that she survived the crash and was run over by a flame truck. At the point when the plane was coming into area, the motors were unmoving and the plane was flying much slower than it ought to have been. 1.5 prior seconds the plane crashed, the pilots attempted a go-around, however they were past the point of no return. The ...

Abstract

Aviation is a crucial component of any nation’s economy. It provides transportation and movement of goods and people from all over world, for business, imports, exports, and tourism. However, these economic benefits must be weighed against the local and global environmental impacts of this industry. There has been a remarkable effect on the global carbon emissions, and this trend is feared to multiply as more people travel by air in the modern world. The U.S. transportation system alleges that there has been an increase of up to six-fold in the aircraft mobility for the last 35 years.

Introduction

Air and noise ...

(Author Name) (Institute) - Briefly summarize the history of Air Traffic Control / NAS. Include an explanation of some key players and events. (1-2 pages) The evolution of Air Traffic Control began with the Post Office scheduling regular flights in 1918. The commercial air industry encouraged and supported the Air Commerce Act of 1926, which lent Federal support to the aviation industry. Subsequent to the act, which charged the Secretary of Commerce with key tasks such as fostering air commerce, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certificating aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining ...

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Abstract The airline and aviation industry belong to a service industry. This industry is among the highly competitive industries and comes under the category of advanced technology and safety sensitive. The industry deals with the customer, employees and the associated people. The industry is very diverse in every aspect in terms of culture, operational activities and the services it services. The vast workforce belonging to the industry is trained to reduce the human error in this field and to increase the quality performance. The study has analyzed the significance of human resource management practices in this industry. The ...

One of the major tools used in organizational management by leaders, managers and employees alike has been the effective use of the ‘teamwork aspect’. Although, not an easy tool to implement, teamwork and cooperation are key aspects within an organization. By simple definition, teamwork is the process of collaboratively working together as a group of people in order to achieve one specific goal. It means people in a team will always try to work together using their individual skills for the success of the team, despite the existence of any personal differences. Despite being a positive aspect of any organization, teamwork does ...

Abstract

Nepal Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter lost the radio contact during scheduled flight between Pokhara and Jumla in Nepal on 16th February 2014.The aeroplane was discovered on the following day with the crew members and passengers dead with total fatalities of eighteen. Many incidents that took place in the recent past including Caribbean Airlines, Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2501, and Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 that was indeed mysterious.Accidents in the aviation industry can occur in various forms, but irrespective of the nature of an accident, it is probably caused due to faulty equipment, pilot error, aviation administration, as well as ...

In June 30, 1956 at around 1031hrs, a United Air Lines Douglas DC 7, N63240 and Trans World Airlines Lockheed 1049A, N6902C collided over the Great Canyon, both of them falling into the Canyon. Both regularly scheduled passenger service flights flew under Visual Flight Rules VFR.

Flight Plans

TWA Flight 2 was on an Instrument Flight Rules IFR, flying from Los Angeles in California to Kansas City in Missouri. It was scheduled to depart Los Angeles at 8:30hrs and was to fly through a controlled airway from its departure point in L.A through Daggett in California and then via various direct points off ...

Question 1

Explain why demand peaking at any airport usually becomes less acute as traffic grows. Consider seasonal peaking, day of the week peaking and hour of the day peaking. Demand peaking at any airport is usually less acute as traffic grows due to the presence of Air traffic control. This Air Traffic Control is a service guaranteed by ground-based technicians and controllers who manage the airspace and direct any within, leaving or arriving at the airport. The air traffic controllers particularly are able to halt takeoffs and clear skies if there is any unprecedented traffic at the airports. In the ...

Part #1: Introduction

Aviation safety is a concern to many stakeholders in the aviation industry. Air accidents occur because the technological advancements in preventing the accidents are not sufficient (Tetteh, 2006). The recent accidents in Russia and some European aircraft crushing on African soil confirm this (Pyadushkin, 2013). The paper presents a proposal for evaluating and solving the safety issues of passengers while on board and in the air. It analyzes how the changes in technology will help to lower the accident rates further to the lowest possible level.

The increasing safety issues of passengers during air travel has alarmed the world; especially in ...

2009 Hudson River Mid-air Collision

Introduction

It was in 2009 on 8th August, one of the worst air accidents in the history of New York took place when a Piper airplane and a sightseeing helicopter collided over the Hudson River, killing all the 9 people on board. Thousands of people witnessed this low-altitude accident as the airplane collided into the helicopter with both of them breaking into parts and falling into the river. Though both the pilots were properly certified and trained as per with federal regulations and the aircrafts properly equipped and maintained, the accident occurred due to insufficient regulations, the ...

The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is a technology that is used in tracking aircraft. This system is much different from the radar system that works by bouncing radio waves back from the terrestrial fixed antennae from airborne targets and interpreting the signal. The technology uses the typical Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology and a simple broadcast communication link as its basic components. Additionally, unlike the conventional radar system ADS-B’s accuracy is not interfered with range, target altitude or atmospheric conditions. The update intervals is also not dependent on reliability of mechanical antennae’s or rotational speeds (Weijun, Tong, & Wentao, ...

History of airplanes 4

A. Airplane accidents 5 II. Turbulence Detection 7

B. Define 7

C. Benefits 7 III. High cost 8 IV. Air Traffic Control 9 D. Define 9

E. Benefits 10

F. Consequence 10 V. Air navigation system 11

G. Define 11

Aeronautical ground light and radio facilities 11 Advanced control systems 12 Air Traffic Management (ATM) system 12 H. Benefits 13 I. Consequence 13 VI. Conclusion 13

References 15

- Introduction Aviation industry provides the only transportation networks across the globe and is thus the only dependable business for global business development and tourism. Air transportation is one of the ...

Introduction

The aviation industry has come a long way in growth and technological advancement since 1783; today many commercial flights occupy the skies than has ever before. All over the world, there has been an increase in the number of flights with an estimated growth of 12% per year. An increase in wright passengers, a 5% increment annually, is a reported rise than any other travel mode. This rise also includes increased flight routes to new destination enhancing the air transport. Airfreight has been growing rapidly though it remains a small share of total air traffic. (Santiago 2010). The air transports increased development ...

ADS-B is one of the two types of Automatic Dependent Surveillance. ADS is an Air Traffic Control (ATC) technique that tracks aircraft without the use of radar. There exists two types of Automatic Dependent Surveillance, ADS-Contract (ADS-C) and ADS-Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-C is controlled by agreements put forward by the ground station. This means that the broadcast of ADS reports is done by the ground station except in emergency situations when the flight crew can declare or cancel a reporting. Two pilots cannot communicate positional information using this system. In ADS-B, the aircraft regularly broadcasts its position to no specific ...

Chapter 8, pg. 306: Stuxnet and the Changing Face of Cyberwarfare

In the past, cyber crime only dominated the domain of fiction writers. However, cyber warfare as emerged as a daunting and unique problem for every internet security expert, not only in detecting and preventing intrusions but also in tracking cyber criminals and prosecuting them. The most prominent problems include for example, American and Israel hackers used cyber warfare to interfere with the operations of Iran’s nuclear plan, by causing malfunction in one device controlling the nuclear plant. The problem will become worse for countries with advanced technologies such as the U.S., which rely on an electronic banking system and ...

English is a standard language used for communication between air traffic controllers and pilots of international flights. There are two forms of using English language, Standard phraseology and plain language. Standard phraseology employs standard structure, terminology and pronunciation to promote efficiency and accuracy. On occasions when the standard phraseology is not efficient, plain language is used to deliver vital information. Communication error has been cited has the biggest causal factor in both level bursts and runway incursions into Europe. This replicated in other parts of the world where aviation accident statistics have been documented. In a bid to standardize communication ...

The efficient operation of a government requires that it adopts relevant mechanisms to control its national deficit. Even though the government can opt for other means of maintaining its national debt, the topic of sequestration is debated among many stakeholders in the servicing industry. The need to control the country’s debt has made sequestration a household term. The reduction in national debt requires that the national government initiates spending cuts in various categories of the federal structure. The process of sequestration relates to part of the Budget Control Act of 2011 that was scheduled to start at the start of ...

NEXTGEN FOR SMALL AIRPORTS

Project Proposal Abstract The proposed research will be an in-depth assessment of what is required to purchase and utilize NextGen for Airports in a small airport scenario. The NextGen system has already proved itself in small and large airports in the United States of America. It is innovative technology is constantly evolving to provide greater benefits down the line. NextGen’s future capabilities will include improvements to enhance accessibility and safety for piston and turbine powered general aviation aircraft. These additional enhancements are particularly valuable for small airports. Aviation has historically followed an upwards growth curve that ...

Abstract

Safety and efficiency factors in aviation industry have increasingly become central factors and major players have continued to improve various factors that lead to improved safety and efficiency.There has been major technological advancements that have led to the current progress in safety and efficiency in the aviation industry. However, the issue of human factor has increasingly received focus after the realization that human errors are the factors behind aviation incidents and accident. This has led to the development of knowledge, skills and flexibility of the staff in the industry ensure the exercise of good judgement, which will ensure safety ...

Introduction

The size of the market has something to do with every business involved with that market. The European Civil Aviation Industry, for example, is the second largest civil aviation market in the world, next to the United States. Among the biggest players in the European Civil Aviation Industry were Air France and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. The former occupies about 8 percent while the latter occupies about 4 percent of the entire European Civil Aviation market. In 2003, these two big players officially announced their plans to merge, which would theoretically make their combined market share somewhere around 12 ...

Autism is a complicated development disability that belongs to a group of developmental disabilities known as autism spectrum disorders. It involves delays in development of very crucial skills such as ability to converse effectively, ability to socialize and to form relationships. This condition presents itself within the first three years of a person’s life and children with this condition may also have behavioral challenges and intellectual impairments. The fact that this disorder affects each child differently forms the basis of its naming. It is believed that the condition is due to neurological disorder that affects a person’s communication development and ...

NEXTGEN is the appellation of a newly introduced National Airspace System that is due to implemented in the United States between the years of 2012 to the year 2025. The Federal Aviation Administration is responsible for the implementation and administering g of this service. The main reason for the introduction of NextGen is that it would aid the decongestion of the American Airspace via use of improved GPS technology satellites to aid in the shortening of travel routes. It is responsible for the replacement of the National Airspace system due to the transformation in the name, that is to ...

Research Paper Outline

- Introduction - Research Question - Technology and The Air Transport - Advanced Air Traffic Control Systems - Collision Avoidance and Traffic Alerts Systems - Online Reservation and Booking Systems - Social Media - Technology in the Rail Transport - Positive Train Control - Trip Optimizer Technology - Real-time Train Information System - Technology and The Maritime Transportation - Ship Motion Monitoring, Forecasting and Decision Support - Marine Automation System - Oil Mist Detection Systems - Technology and Truck Transportation - Global Positioning ...

Introduction:

Environmental concerns pose both challenges and opportunities to the aviation sector. Describe what you see as the key environment-related opportunities and challenges the industry faces, and what the relevant stakeholders can do to best maximize profit and minimize risks. One of the most common concerns in the aviation sector is noise. Here, the key sources of noise within aircrafts are their engines. This is particularly evident as they approach and airframe noise in times of aircraft's flaps and slats, which are fully extended, as well as during the deployment of the landing gear. The levels of aircraft noise are ...

The change of political party leadership from the Democratic to the Republican Party in the 1980’s had a profound influence on the NLRB’s decisions regarding unions in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Ronald Reagan took office in early 1981 and was soon confronted with his first labor struggle, with PATCO, the union representing air traffic controllers. In a move which would symbolize his administration’s attitude toward labor, Reagan ordered the controllers back to work after they went on strike. When many of the workers refused, they were immediately fired, a move which was not revoked for almost all ...

A brief analysis of its social, economic implications

The cyber space is becoming increasingly relevant for the world, bringing with it newer possibilities and growth. However it also brings with it a new form of threat, a cyber threat which requires a cyber security to confront it. The U.S with its vast information infrastructure, where people rely on it more than that in any other country, is particularly vulnerable. A cyber attack has ripple effects and an impact on one can have consequences for others. Several sectors in the U.S would have catastrophic consequences in case of a successful attack. The law enforcement agencies supported by legislations are constantly trying to ...

Introduction

Air rights are rights to develop the unfilled space situated above a physical property site. As with other categories of rights related to real estate, it is feasible to transfer these rights to other parties while preserving possession of the property itself. In extremely urbanized areas where the only potential course to construct is up, air rights are a burning topic of discussion and debate as developers tussle to expand their projects while still remaining inside the confinements of zoning law. In the past, property proprietors preserved fundamentally unlimited property rights. As human societies grew and began introducing zoning laws, individuals ...

Abstract:

Weather related aircraft accidents have become a major safety concern in the world lately. Visual rules flight to the Instrument Meteorology Conditions has attracted world attention because of high rates of the fatalities which is associated with them. Safety research aviation professionals are trying to explain mechanisms and genesis of such accidents. According to macro statistics conducted by FAA, it is approximated that seventy percent of delays in the National Airspace System is caused by adverse weather conditions. According to iapa.com, weather plays a significant role in aviation accidents and incidents. The report conducted by National Transparency Safety Board (NTSB) shows ...

Policies, Procedures, Rules and Regulations.

The aviation industry in its quest and commitment for providing safe and reliable commercial air transport is constantly coming up with policies, procedures rules and regulations to be followed by all industry players so as to be able to achieve this. The industry prides itself with being one of the safest modes of transport but is also prone to accidents and thus the need for rules and policies that not only applies to workers and air transport providers but to passengers also as the safety of a passenger is paramount. Air transport providers across the ...

Following the dramatic surge in commercial airline after World War II (1939-45), there was an establishment of Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), only later to be renamed to as the Federal Aviation Administration. The agency was entrusted with many responsibilities concerning air travel in the US. They were responsible for all operations concerning the US airport. This included the control of both military and civil use of US airspace for the sake of efficiency and safety. To fulfill its responsibility FAA came up with a networker of towers to control the airport. They also came up with 20 air route control ...