Norms Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Introduction

Within the last 10 years increased attention has been given to the LGBT community and their civil rights. The issues of gender are now being debated in schools and impacting educational communities. The term transgender has undoubtedly been a popular term in recent times. The idea of being transgender seeks to break down cultural norms of gender and categorizing. In this literature review the focus takes on different implications of how the LGBT community has impacted the way in which children are socializing. Schools are experiencing a SSA (Same Sex Attracted) phenomenon where young people are receiving a lot ...

Abstract

Tipping is a common activity between a service provider and the customer. It is very customary in the food services industry, and there is equal evidence of its practice in a number of other sectors. Determining how and why tipping takes place has been a research agenda for some time. This paper discusses the major views on this subject and demonstrates their contribution to the general debate on tipping. The works evaluated in this paper are those found to be central to the debate, specifically due to their nature of applicability, validity and comprehensive handling of the concept validity. The paper will discuss ...

Literature Review

Sexuality and gender are social constructs, which may differ depending on the norms of society (Reis & Carothers, 2014). In a heterocentric society, certain attributes are reserved to describe either male or female individuals, with characteristics such as aggressive and strong being relegated to males and women being considered as more caring and emotional (Reis & Carothers, 2014). However, not all individuals fit neatly within the categories dictated by society and the challenges of individuals who are treated as “outliers” of society’s norm can be overwhelming, leading to emotional and physical distress, bullying, and social inequalities that have the ability to impact ...

Current research on bystander intervention has produced many outcomes indicating that the presence of other people in a critical situation, especially bullying, reduces the probability that an individual will help. Diffusion of responsibility contributes to the bystander effect. This implies that a person does not feel the need to help someone in need if several people are also present since the responsibility is among those present. Most people believe that there exist safety in numbers, but there are times when a large crowd does not support a victim. According to Barlińska, Szuzter & Winiewski (2013), “Bystanders are the social audience in many crime ...

Visitors’ Perception on Westminster London as a Sustainable, Responsible, and Environmental Friendly Destination

Referencesp.41
List of Figures
Figure 1. Findings from the questionnaires
Figure 2. Finding for three sections of sustainability, responsibility and environmental friendliness
Figure 1.1. Sustainability
Figure 1.2. Responsibility
Figure 1.3. Environmental friendliness
Abstract
Sustainable tourism is one of the rising trends in the tourism industry. More and more stakeholder groups are starting to realize the importance of their assets. One of the best ways to preserve tourist destinations (i.e. the assets) is to promote sustainable, responsible, and environmental friendly tourism management. Unfortunately, engaging in those kinds of practices and operations can be costly. Most tourism industry firms are still ...

Group dynamics is arguably one among the toughest topics because according to psychologists, groups cannot be studied through a unilateral approach. Human beings are quite different in terms of reasoning and opinion. This way, they tend to perceive things differently. This is the explanation behind the fact that mob psychology and group decision making are tougher and time consuming as compared to individual psychology and decision making. In a group – be it at the work place or in the school setting – making decisions is difficult for the simple reason that establishing a consensus in group is a difficult idea (Levi, 2011). There will ...

Abstract

For many years, there has been a protracted argument about whether deviance really exists. Some people argue that deviance exists in reality, while others argue that deviance is just a term invented by some people who would like to label others as such. Whether this is true or not is neither here nor there; what we are sure about is that some behaviors can be explained better using the labeling theory. The labeling theory argues that some people become the labels that people give them, and therefore it is good to be careful with the labels that we give to others – ...

The following literature review evaluates scholarly research on the challenges of entrepreneurship, project management and sustainable development in Africa. Based on the discussion meaningful implications and suggestions are mentioned towards the end. Africa is a land of magnificent natural sceneries and resources but even in the 21st century it is still considered the Dark Continent, bearing metaphorical meaning. It is the least developed continent in the world. Despite major efforts in improving the lives of Africans there are many challenges that face the continent.

Sustainable Development in Africa

Africa has immense natural resources and precious minerals. For decades the practice of finding energy ...

Factors that Influence Purchasing Relationship in Automobile Industry of China

Introduction
The USA, Western Europe, and Japan markets for the automobiles are almost stagnating causing an increased attention and concern to the world automotive industry. They have turned their interest in China market for cars. This is associated with the fast growing economy in China unlike that of European nations and the USA. The Chinese market for cars is indeed the turning point for all auto companies. The environment is conducive to start production in China to supply the potential markets and then export from there to other world markets. This literature will focus on the purchasing relationship in ...

Self identity stems from the notion of emancipating the calls of the real person is portrayed. A healthy self-identity, in my own perspective, calls for identifying the issues that affect a person. It relates to how one can be sincere and honest with himself in line with the abilities that he possesses. It also touches on the identification of the weaknesses that one may have, and working on them to be a better person. A healthy self identity gives one room to initiate discipline and belief in his endeavors, hence ensuring that one does not fall behind the peer cocoon.

One, ...

Intercultural Friendship

Introduction
Scholars and academicians have paid little interest to intercultural friendships in spite of their obvious magnitude and regularity in the continuously expanding multicultural world. Intercultural friendships symbolize a close linkage between interpersonal and cultural dimensions of communication systems. The hardships involved in sorting them out might be one explanation why they attract so little interest from researchers. In recent times, it has become generally acknowledged that cultural diversity in the backgrounds of communicators contributes to differences in the patterns of communication behavior. This has made several researchers studying intercultural communication to make the assumption that it is a distinctive ...

In A Doll House, Henrik Ibsen writes about a topic that seems so vital to him, this is the social life and duties of persons in society. This time round he chooses to use the institution of marriage and a home. Ibsen intended that the reader sees the position of a woman in this society as she seems caged in the whole institution of marriage. This is seen through the relationship that exists between Nora Helmer and her beloved husband Torvald Helmer and to some extent Nora’s father. In fact all the life that Norah lives, she conforms to societal norms ...

Philosophy Journal

“Burnt Norton” by T.S. Eliot
This poem is told through a narrator speaking directly to an audience. He warns of living in the present and not to suffer the past or worry about the future, “If all time is eternally” present. To worry about what one has already done in the past, “Down the passage which we did not takeTowards the door we never opened will not help to live well in the present.” (Eliot) To spend one’s time think and planning for the future is also a waste, “Here is a place of disaffection Time before and time after”. ( ...

[Author]

Abstract

The growing accessibility of the global market opened up unlimited opportunities for multinational organizations. However, such expanding market requires more knowledge base that the organizations normally have access to, and yet hampered due to factors essentially within the organization (Ang & Massingham, 2007; Szulanski, 1996). Shared assumptions, values, and norms must be in place to provide a sustainable source of internal motivation towards KM execution (Zheng, Yang, & McLean, 2010). A growing number of scholars considered organizational culture as he critical factor that supports or hampers the effective and efficient transfer and sharing of knowledge between units in the organization (Koenig, ...

The Marriage

Marriage is a social contract that unites two people into the family. The contract establishes the rights and responsibilities between two people. Marriage is an institution that legalizes the sexual and interpersonal relations between people living together as a family. Article “An Amateur Marriage” written by Steve Tesich describes the personal experience of marriage and viewpoint of the writer. The article “The Power of Marriage” written by David Brooks describes the marriage as a traditional concept in the Western world. The paper attempts to compare and contrast the two given articles.
The article “An Amateur Marriage” by Steve Tesich represents the ...

English

Literary Analysis - Brave New World and Gattaca
The very idea of a society in which blind happiness clouds the minds of its people seems much less comfortable than what the true definition of a Utopia suggests. Utopia is the state of achieving the perfect world. Unfortunately, after a number of literary or artistic attempts to define this world of ultimate bliss, 'perfection' seems to be nothing more than an illusion. It always turns out that harsh sacrifices must be made to achieve this universal happiness. Nevertheless, our world society seems to be adamantly geared towards achieving some form of this ...

23-Apr-14

The book analysis of 'Germinal' by Emile Zola
The book analysis of 'Germinal' by Emile Zola
The book of Zola portrays the women of the nineteenth century with the relevant perception of myths with concepts of the role and contribution of female in the society. According to the depiction, the women of the presented era display the same structure and features in terms of personalities and contribution and social life, irrespective of class difference. The specifications can be visibily categorised into three segments, the first is the motherly conduct or the maternal role, the second is the ...

I. Introduction
In comparison to other industrialized nations, the United States does not place nearly as much educational emphasis on bilingualism or multilingualism. However, within the United States, there is a growing demand for bilingual and multilingual individuals at all levels of industry, from the lowest levels of customer service to the highest levels of government. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of government, industry, education, and society in regards to language education and policy in the United States and other English-speaking countries. It will investigate the ways in which other countries support and encourage ...

Summary

An academic area of examination may be deduced to exist when a logical body of knowledge is built to define topic of inquiry. Acknowledged levels come to be used to certify and train specialists; full-time job opportunities become obtainable in university research and teaching; learned societies are established to promote study and dialogue; and publishing sites become available to aid disseminate new ideologies and analysis. In a nutshell, an institutionalized system of scholars comes into being, a distinct study community with its own limitations, rewards.
The International political economy (IPE) is less than 50 years old since its inception. According to ...

Introduction

Thoreau’s civil disobedience emerges from Thoreau’s refusal to pay church tax claiming that the church has no right to impose tax. His reasoning is that if all institutions were to present their tax bills to the government, then he would be bound to pay his; but, there is no justification for “taxing the schoolmaster to support the priest” (Thoreau 49). This implies that though the policy may be ethical, the underlying structure is disputable. His reasoning is influential; it stirs a logical query of every aspect of one’s own life, indicating a close connection between text and action. ...

Oscar Wilde’s play ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ reveals the hypocrisy that was prevalent in the society at that time. One needs to keep in mind that the title of the play is a take on the bizarre norms of the society. The subtitle previously described it as “a serious play” and the people as trivial, but was later changed by him. This expressed the seriousness of the play in exposing the various faults and errors of the society. The play was aimed to put forth the wrongs that predominated in the Victorian society. However, by referring to the people ...

Literature Review: Teacher as a Researcher

The concept of diversity in sports is an aspect that has been rooted in the history of sports, in addition to becoming an important aspect in sports. The future of all sporting events largely depends on the ability of individuals to cultivate mutual understanding, at the same time safeguard equal participation of members from all cultural backgrounds and diversities. Sport is a universal activity because it is watched and played by individuals from all cultural backgrounds. There is no doubt that sporting events constitutes an amalgamation of multiethnic communities and cultures. Despite the universal characteristics of sports and sporting events, ...

Article Reviews

Strategic HRM Practices and Their Impact on Company Performance in Chinese Enterprises
Summary

In the article Strategic HRM practices and their impact on company performance in Chinese enterprises, Akhtar, Ding, & Ge (2008) “examined the factorial validity of strategic human resource management practices and their effects on company performance” (Akhtar et al., p. 15) by sampling 465 Chinese organizations. They conducted a study using the best practices approach in order to determine the influence of HRM practices on company performance “in the context of Chinese enterprises using a large sample” (Akhtar et al., p. 16). The best practices approach included “internal ...

In order to efficiently curb bullying it is essential to use the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. This program is a multi-echelon, multi-constituent program intended to thwart or decrease bullying in schools.

Goals and objectives

The program endeavours to streamline the existing school milieu to lessen prospect and incentives for bullying. The School staffs are principally accountable for initiating and executing the program. Their endeavours are fixed toward enhancing peer relations and putting the school at a secure and constructive position for students to study and develop. Whilst intervention in opposition to bullying is predominantly significant to decrease the victim’s suffering, it is as ...

US Mexico relationship

The relationship between United States of America and Mexico is a complex love-hate relationship. The kind of rapport both the neighboring countries share is unique and reason behind such complex relationship is the huge disparity between both the countries. Various international policy analysts suggest that since the disparities between the two countries are in a large number and in all the fields the situation becomes difficult for the weaker one. This disproportion between the two countries is visible in all the fields, whether it is economy, size, technology, military strength, international ties and reputation or be it any other field; Americans ...