Essays on Bilingual.

Introduction

Dual language programs involve teaching students through two languages. Teachers ensure that they introduce bilingual programs whereby all native speakers benefit from a second language instruction. Teachers also use two-way immersion programs whereby one half of the students are native while the other half is constitutes speakers of English (Wayne and Virginia, 2012). This paper is meant to persuade school administrators to adopt dual language programs so that they improve learning among students from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. I argue that dual language program promotes academic achievement and multicultural competence for all students. Discussion focuses on aspects such ...

The correlation of language, culture, and the way people think has been an issue of heated discussions for quite a long time and no definite answer has been found yet. The idea that language can reflect the speaker’s culture and individuality was first introduced by the German language scholar Wilhelm von Humboldt who “asserted that man perceives the world essentially through the medium of language” (Wilhelm, baron von Humboldt, n.d.). Later on, American linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf went on developing the idea and insisted that “speakers of different tongues may think differently” (Boroditsky, 2011, p. ...

Introduction

Studies on psychology and cognition have shown that a child’s language has a great impact on his/her ability to regulate his emotions and behavior. In order for two people to understand and share meaning with one another, a clear ground should first be laid out to avoid misunderstandings. A study involving 120 children aged 18 months to 4 years old showed that participants who had superior language skills expressed less anger upon reaching 4 years old (Roben, Cole, & Armstrong, 2012). Most children in their early stages learn to use language as a means of self-expression and self-regulation, because ...

Introduction

Making sweeping social changes in any educational system is a hard and often-times very long process. The changes are made even harder when they are indirect, and not necessarily institutional. The way students are taught and awarded for achievement has evolved over time in order to create a more balanced structure for them. Yet, even with these changes, bullying still occurs at all grade levels in primary school. There are multiple ideas on how legislatures can handle this issue, by introducing bills that incentivizes anti-bullying programs, by requiring schools to have specific programs, by ensuring that bullying can be ...

The process of becoming fluent in writing and speaking a second language is a complex process that relies on a number of influences; individual personality characteristics such as maturity, past experiences, exposure to the new language, learning environment, motivation, and natural inclinations to adapting to new skills are some factors that promote or hinder progress. Research involving experimentation, investigation, and empirical studies has been conducted to describe individual factors that influence the quality and speed of children’s learning a second language and will be examined. Some children are born into multilingual families with different cultural backgrounds and it ...

The assessment practices that evaluate English language learners often underestimate the academic and cognitive abilities of the Spanish-speaking students. If the education system is dedicated to developing the biliterate and bilingual pupils in the schools, then the tutors and administrators must analyze both dialects. The outline provided by Escamilla and Coady provides samples of texts written in Spanish by the students who are writing and reading in Spanish. The chapter also gives examples written in English from those learning in English and texts from the Spanish learners who have just commenced their schooling in English. This paper looks at ...

Learning a second language can be a challenging experience for a person of any age. The general population typically believes that second language acquisition or SLA is easier for children than adults. Some regard this as a myth while others insist it is true. Studies show that the way people learn languages at different ages can vary and that can affect the ease or difficulty in ability to learn. People learn a second language for many different reasons: a) individuals may be raised with two languages spoken in their home, b) students at school are often required to learn ...

Philosophy

Language is the main form of communication between people. Effective transmission of information would be impracticable without it. Such a "talent" appeared from immemorial time and allows groups of people to communicate, exchange news, ideas and feelings. However, before the onset of globalization, this communication was limited to the level of individual nations and peoples. Contact with other people is difficult without the common means of communication, which will certainly lead to isolation. This problem is partially solved with the help of translators. It is necessary to choose a single international language - lingua franca, since neither the worldwide ...

America is the home to a number of cultures, race, and languages. On a daily basis one can hear Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, and a variety of Caribbean dialects in the workplace, schools, homes and the neighborhoods. The truth is that the United States is the “melting pot” for a number of immigrants who bring different cultural and linguistic framework to the language that is spoken in the United States. Each cultural group brings new variations to the language and culture of the United States and has created a "bi-nationalism" concept. For some critics, the United States is no longer ...

With the changes in the American cultural and the movement across countries, America is experiencing global changes that have impacted on the language and the people in the country. These changes have brought about new languages that allow persons to speak more than one language. But what do these changes mean for the society? Being bilingual does not change the way in which people live and adjust to the norms in the society. Instead, bilinguals are able to communicate on different levels in the society and among different cultures. Bilingualism stems from the influx of immigrants to the American ...

The issue of bilingual learning has been a hot topic of debate for some time now. It is a consequence of the influx of immigrants into the United States whose first language is not English. Some people have felt that forcing them to learn a second language is stripping them of their heritage while others believe that the only way the immigrants can be fully assimilated is by learning English. I subscribe to Richard Rodriguez and Gloria Anzaldua posit in their essays “Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood” and “How to Tame a Wild Tongue,” respectively, except for ...

The two articles by Robert Rodriguez and Gloria Anzaldua tell stories about different linguistic experiences, with one language interacting with another. Rodriguez states that bilingual education is not beneficial in terms of students learning and accepting the public language, the one they are supposed to live in and function on the level of publicity. On the other hand, Anzaldua believes preserving the native language is vital for its speakers, since it gives them greater sense of identity. I believe that both writers are right to some extent, and from personal experience I may state that knowing and using both ...

Bilingualism affects children learning capabilities in such that they lack understanding of a second language away from their mother tongue. When it comes to a language such as English, it is a challenge due to the psychological barriers hence, there is a challenge when settling in educational systems. Some of the causes of the problem are due to parents migrating to other countries, where their children are not able to settle and understand the new language. Some of the previous studies show that once some of the families have moved to new areas, the main challenge is that the ...

Introduction

In his essay entitled the Hispanic Challenge, Samuel Huntington claims that the traditional American identity is now facing a serious challenge with the increased and continuing immigration of Latinos in the United States. Huntington is considered as one of the country’s influential political analysts, but his suggestion that the Mexican and other Latin immigrants are likely to destroy the American identity is unfounded. Huntington’s argument in The Hispanic Challenge reflects the ethnic prejudice against the Mexican’s and other immigrants in the United States, and how the liberal press favors such attitudes. This paper aims to show ...

There are hundreds different languages spoken all over the world, and in the contemporary society it is already quiet normal and usual, if a person knows the second or sometimes even the third language. The characteristic of an individual, due to which he possesses two linguistic systems, is called bilingualism. (Rosenberg 285) Bilingualism is also often called multilingualism. Though monolingualism (possession of one linguistic system) is considered to be natural, many people today prefer to learn the second language or grow up in the bilingual environment, when their parents speak two different languages, for example. Bilingualism is especially common ...

Influence of cultural background on appropriacy of understanding of English by learners

It is difficult for learners of a foreign language to understand and correctly use the features of appropriacy. This occurs because appropriacy is not only specific in the context, but also in terms of culture. Among the brightest models of appropriacy there is the development of English in Africa. English is widespread in Africa due to domination of the British Empire. In total, Africa has about 430 languages and dialects of the black Africans. Most of these languages have no written codes. The penetration of European settlers to Africa began in the 15th century. During the 17th, 18th and ...

Introduction

Over time, there has been increasing interest in culturally responsive teaching that grew since the late 1980’s and the early 1990s primarily because of the increasing diversity in the country’s classrooms. This is coupled with the concern over the low rate of success by the many racial and ethnic minority students despite numerous years of reforms in the education fields. The ongoing reform of the Native American education is further influenced by the fact that after years of population decline to the historic low of around 237,000 members in the year 1900 the American Indian populations ...

Introduction

In the highpoint of my English teaching career, I found myself teaching English to Grade 4 Australian English learners. It was interesting because I am an Arab lady from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. And many people found it rather unusual for me to be teaching Native English speakers their own mother tongue. This essay will outline the progression of my career as an English teacher and how I got to the climax of my career, teaching native speakers of English. I will outline my background, origins, immersion into the Anglo-American culture and how my professional career developed as ...

Pearson, B. "Social Factors in Childhood Bilingualism in the United States." Applied Psycholinguistics (2007): 399-410. Print. This particular source answers the research question on why (i.e. what is the purpose) people consider to become bilingual. Establishing the fact that roughly a quarter of all children in most developed countries are now bilingual, the authors suggested that there are five social factors that influence an individual, or in this case a child to become bilingual and they are: social input, language status, family language use, access to literacy, and community support and schooling. Collectively, these factors determine whether an ...

SOC Cultural Anthropology

For my summary essay I have chosen the article An American School Immerses Itself in All Things Chinese written by Jane Peterson for New York Times. In this article the matters of bilingualism and cultural anthropology are closely connected. The author tells about an American-Chinese school which pays great attention to the development of such feature as bilingualism in its pupils. This process is performed by many native Chinese speakers who contribute to a better studying process and achievement of bigger success by the students. Those students who do not want to forget the knowledge attained in school can ...

Education is the foundation of the well-being and success in an individual’s life. The educational institutions have the responsible on their shoulders to provide the best ambiance and facilities for every student, so that he or she is able to learn the academic lessons in the best possible way. It is the onus of the academicians and authorities to find the right mode of communicative techniques that would reach out to the students with full impetus. As such, with the globalization of education- something that includes classes with students from different communities, the challenge of teaching the lessons ...

Bilingual education

Definition ◊Bilingual education is the teaching of academic content by the use of two languages.

Development

◊Historically, the use of this concept began in USA. According to records, it was first used by the Poles community. Later, it was sanctioned in the United States of America(USA) by the Bilingual Education Act(1968) and further reinforced by the Supreme Court in 1974 (Baker, C., 2008). ◊Today, it is used to help students who have a limited proficiency in English. They can be taught using their native vernaculars. ◊The use of bilingual education in US has been majorly as a ...

Introduction

In the recent past, there has been an increase in cultural diversity in the educational institutions. Teachers and students have different cultural identities relating to variables such as race, ethnicity, nationality, social class and religion. Cultural identity affects the student teacher and parent or home interaction. Students are affected in terms of learning, belief in self and academic performance where there is low affirmation and acceptance of different cultures in the educational curriculum(Ndura, 2004).

Where there is inequality or discrimination against certain cultures, the students and parents feel isolated adversely affecting their interaction even with the community. ...

Organization Culture

Sarros,Copper & Santora(2008) finds that most organizations concentrate in bringing the latest technological infrastructure to transform the procedures of work. In doing so, organizations tend to ignore the workers and organization culture which is the engine that has the most impact. An organization culture depends with the founders of the institution their beliefs and core practices. It is vital for an organization to engage the employees who design products to enable the organization become successful. Leaders’ decision-making criteria affect the behavior of workers. In this view Sarros,et al (2008) suggest that to ensure a high performance culture ...

Organization Culture

Sarros,Copper & Santora(2008) finds that most organizations concentrate in bringing the latest technological infrastructure to transform the procedures of work. In doing so, organizations tend to ignore the workers and organization culture which is the engine that has the most impact. An organization culture depends with the founders of the institution their beliefs and core practices. It is vital for an organization to engage the employees who design products to enable the organization become successful. Leaders’ decision-making criteria affect the behavior of workers. In this view Sarros,et al (2008) suggest that to ensure a high performance culture an ...

As a newly assigned K-12 teacher in a school district, one must accept the challenges that come from being a newly appointed teacher. While teaching and helping students learn and prepare for their future can be rewarding, the daily tasks of disciplining and keeping order in the classroom can be exhausting. Being a teacher can be difficult because one have to interact with students with diverse family backgrounds and attitudes. (“Peek”)Problems on classroom violence, outdated teaching methods and parents concern on their children’s education are added responsibilities of a teacher.

The World Report on Violence against Children identifies the main forms of violence

a) Physical and psychological punishment- these are forms of violence that uses ...

English is the primary language of the United States education system. English is a global language and, therefore, the use of it in the education system makes perfect sense. Communication between teachers and parents although relatively challenging works because both parties, speak the same language. However, when a family is new to the country because they are immigrants or when their native language is not English, communication can prove to be very difficult between a teacher and the student’s family. Children are very fast learners and can, therefore, learn the English language relatively faster than their parents. They may consequently have ...

Introduction

The legislation proposition drafted with regards to the learning of English of non-native speakers of the language in the United States took effect in states of California, Arizona and Massachusetts (Mora, 2009). This legal proposition requires that English language learners learn English through an English structured or sheltered immersion for one year (Mora, 2009). The immersion program requires that learners study using the English language exclusively in order to enhance the fluency of the learners in the language. The legislation only allows students to study in classes using their native language as language of instruction in exceptional cases through a ...

Introduction

Cross-cultural decision making skills have been recognized to be increasingly vital to military and defense operations (Johnson & Friedland, 2009). The day-to-day operations of international military forces, in their interaction with different cultures as they work overseas, require intercultural competence to make decisions that are both appropriate and culturally sensitive (Johnson & Friedland, 2009). Cross cultural competency (3C) is accomplished through three unique steps: Cultural self-awareness, suspension of judgments and biases, and the development of skills that fit within domains of a new culture (Selmeski, 2009). Already, educational measures are being implemented by military colleges to promote 3C in military ...

Cross-cultural decision making skills have been recognized to be increasingly vital to military and defense operations (Johnson &Friedland, 2009). The day-to-day operations of international military forces, in their interaction with different cultures as they work overseas, require intercultural competence to make decisions that are both appropriate and culturally sensitive (Johnson & Friedland, 2009). Cross cultural competency (3C) is accomplished through three unique steps: Cultural self-awareness, suspension of judgments and biases, and the development of skills that fit within domains of a new culture (Selmeski, 2009). Already, educational measures are being implemented by military colleges to promote 3C in military ...

Heath offers insights for use in the dissertation study for investigating any difficulties in the area of Americans learning Arabic. This study specifically addresses the learner and his/her creativity in Arabic communicative competence as it applies toward competently completing both the DLI course and the OPI (Heath, 1987).

Alptekin (2002) discusses the notion of communicative competence that suggests that native-speaker competence is the metric by which communicative competence is decided. Alptekin argues that this particular norm creates an unrealistic and utopian model for language learning that makes it impossible for SLA to be considered complete or sufficient. Native speakership ...

Memory is one of the most explored areas in psychology. It is defined as a means by which individuals retrieve past experiences for purposes of using the information in the present. It also refers to the process by which individuals retain and maintain the information about past events (Cardwell & Flanagan, 2005). Memory is conceptualized by many psychologists as an information processing system that involved three fundamental processes. The processes are encoding, storage and retrieval (Nevid, 2013). Encoding involve changing the information format that is usable in memory while storage means retaining the information in memory. On the other hand, retrieval ...

Voting Rights Act 1965

Introduction The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a very important piece of legislation in the history of American civil rights. The voting rights act has a long history of alterations and revisions before it was consented in 1965. The effects of the legislation had, and still have far reaching implications. The Voting Rights Act of 1965was assented to law by the then president Lyndon Johnson on the sixth of August in 1965. The new legislation outlined the disenfranchisement of African Americans characterized by discriminatory voting practices that were adopted by many Southern states after the end of the civil ...

Introduction

The development of English as a first or second language comprises four strategic domains. These include listening, reading, speaking and writing. An English language learner can either attend classes to learn the language from a teacher or tutor or may simply learn through association with frequent English as the way children learn language from their parents and peers. In the class contexts, learning of English required skills from the tutor as well as other learning materials like audio-visuals that are meant to reinforce written or spoken words from the teacher. The learning of English focuses on a few critical areas (Scrivener, 2005). ...

Introduction

There are many forces that cause the reduction of linguistic diversity in the world. In most countries, there are different people from different cultural backgrounds but as time goes by, we find that most of these communities seem to have forgotten their languages and have integrated with the other communities and formed different common language. Roughly, five to six thousand languages are spoken in the world today. However, a hundred years from now, those numbers will certainly fall to a thousand or even less. Communities that were once self-sufficient are now finding themselves under intense pressure to integrate with their more ...

Questions How can English be linked to the native language as when the languages are translated, they usually lose the original meaning and strength. Also, the second language with has to be used in the combination with English hasn’t been specified. This might differ from culture to culture and country to country. And the implementation and method to use it can also differ. It needs to be planned accordingly. The age group can also be a question as the pace of learning depends upon metal and chronological age. What I learnt The reading gives a clear insight to the ...

Communication is the passage of information from a sender to a receiver in a manner that is coherent to both. For communication to be complete, the receiver must give a feedback showing acknowledgement and understanding of the information communicated. In human communications, language is an important aspect of passing information from one person to the other. This leads to development of the language game concept. Various theories have tried to explain the language game. Language game is drawn from a philosophical view that the language use can be through the way it is simply used to portray an action which is cemented into ...

Thesis statement

Learning various languages expands the boundaries for people and provides the different opportunities to cross-cultural dialogue, business development and employment. About 60% of the World population speak more than one language. Acquiring correct and intellible pronunciation, according to general observation, is one of the hardest tasks for all language learners. Most of the additional language learners develop an accent, that allows other people to distinguish non-native speaker and to make suggestions about her origin and native language. Presence of an accent commonly does not change intelligibility of the speech (perceived phonological constancy, Mulak et al., 2013), that is ...

The development of English literacy instructional programs has provided teachers the opportunity to inculcate ‘English Literacy Learners (ELLs)’ with appropriate strategic models. Literacy instructional models now embrace an appreciation for cultural diversity. In terms of linguistic variety brought to schools, the concept engages learners to excel in reading, writing, and generally to grasp an appreciation for language diversity in literacy. John McWhorter explains that “growing up in America” advances the notion that any English dialect veering away from the so-called ‘good’ English spoken on TV news programs represents “evidence of grungy mitts” leaving filthy prints on the sanitized “formica ...

PART 1

Hypothesis Baltimore is creating good lives because - Improving economic conditions allow a higher quality of life, - Strong social diversity creates a more inclusive environment that stimulates youth, and - Effective government services lead to better citizen engagement.

- Strong social diversity creates a more inclusive environment that stimulates youth - Demographic numbers - Immigrant/Hispanic population - Children and the youth - Maslow: Hierarchy of needs - Effective government services lead to better citizen engagement - Crime drops - Intergovernmental support - Social services - Savitch and Kantor: ...

The Other Struggle for Equal Schools

The book The Other Struggle for Equal Schools: Mexican Americans during the Civil Rights Era by Ruben Donato provides a additional source to a rather scanty amount of literature available dedicated for the understanding of the educational experiences of racial and ethnic minorities such as the Mexican Americans. The title itself is a strong point that is meant to emphasize the idea that prejudice and desegregation are not only limited to that of the African Americans but also extends to the Mexican Americans. Donato used the historical experiences of the African Americans as his point of comparison in establishing how the Chicanos in ...

Grant Proposal - Comprehensive School Health Services for Migrant Children

Migrant children will benefit from the following Instructional strategies: - Development of Small Groups – Students will be assigned to work in small groups twice a week. These groups will give them a chance to share their ideas and feelings about class lessons and activities. The curriculum will utilize pictures in the form of flash cards and other printable materials; this will assist with overcoming language barriers. English as a Second Language (ESL) Classes – English language classes will be available to all students that need assistance. These classes will improve the student’s comprehension skills. Written materials in multiple languages will also ...

DateYour name Course name Abstract for Research Project Oct 18, 2014

Abstract The United States of America currently does not have an official language. Nevertheless, many advocates are vouching for the officialization of English in a federal level. This would mean that border states will not be able to make their immigrants more welcome. A Constitutional amendment is being fought over and over, and legislator have tried to pass this project through every official channel, but it hasn't been successful so far. Children of immigration would suffer even more because officializing English would mean the end of bilingual education programs, as well as difficulties businesses, federal services and other entities. ...

Reflections to journal articles

Language, language acquisition and language teaching are areas of interest that have engaged the attention of linguists, psychologists and educationists for centuries. Zest in research in these areas continues with new issues being raised as a consequence of development in technology and means of communication. While experts continue to discuss first and second language acquisition, the truth is that it is difficult to find an individual who uses one pure language. Increasing contacts between language communities in a global scenario have resulted in bilingualism and multilingualism. According to Kumar and Yunus, “No society speaks just ‘a language’ that is ‘pure’ in its ...

Dear Instructor’s Name,

RE; MY VIEW ON BILINGUAL/ELL EDUCATION Bilingual education entails teaching academic content in two different languages. One of which is a native and a learned language. The two languages are taught in variance to each other and, in accordance, with the model of the program.

The Bilingual Common Core Initiative has published few samples for the review of the public:

- NLAP 9-10 Grade Speaking and Listening - NLAP 6th Grade Reading for Information - NLAP 3rd Grade Writing Sample

The Department is developing a new Language Arts Progressions to substitute the 2004 English as a Second Language Learning Standards.

FIVE LEVELS OF BILINGUAL LANGUAGE ENTERING Progressions is capable of identifying cause-and-effect relation between a key individual, event or idea by the organization of pre-identified keywords placed into a cause-and-effect graphic organizer, as ...

Bilingual people are those who speak more than two languages, since birth or at their daycare level, till maturity. Bilingual education in America was dated back one hundred and fifty years ago, where non-native English speakers were not allowed to learn any language other than getting to learn the English language. This oppression on the English speakers was noted to be creating anxiety in the congress house citing national unity and cohesion being disintegrated as their basis of the argument to dismantle it (Baker, 2011). However, the federal and state law currently recognizes and tends to protect the bilingual ...

Part 1

Education is without a doubt one of the most important tools available for personal advancement. Therefore, every child should be availed this important tool because they will need it in the future. Nevertheless, the aim should not just be taking children to school only; there is a need to ensure that children receive quality education that would better the child’s knowledge and expose him or her to what the world out there expects. In this sense, bilingual education is important for children who are non-native speakers because they are given a chance to grasp content that would be impossible to ...

The graduation rate for Hispanic students has risen, but the dropout rate for Hispanic students is still the highest among their African-American, Asian, and White peers. This results in too few Hispanics enrolling in college or other higher education programs, which segues into low employment rates and a higher level of poverty within Hispanic families. Hispanics are the fastest-growing ethnic minority in the United States today. Hispanic children are an important part of America’s future. Taking into account their growing numbers, they are going to become a crucial part of the work force once they reach adulthood. They are going ...

Introduction

The “Los Vendidos,” play by Luis Valdez, is a magnificent blithe play that is full of paradox, sarcasm, ridicule, and humor to describe the status of the Mexican Americans in finding their identity within the realms of America. It is a play that sends a message about the paradox of American government needing the Mexican Americans, and how it does not return the support that the latter need. The purpose of sarcasm, ridicule, and humor in the play is to highlight the different marks and stereotypes of both White Americans and Mexican Americans. There are several stereotypical characters in the play. Huerta ...

Children with autism may comprehend fewer words than their speaking skills may suggest which is not normal for developing children even those with intellectual disability. Language impairment suggests a core symptom in autism. Researchers with an aim of understanding the role of language in autism typically study high functioning autism with intelligence quotient. This results from the fact that intelligence disability can lead to the impairment of language, which leads to association between autism and language. Overall children who have autism have lower respective language. Of 36 children, researched only 26 children had developing controls. At the age ...

[Client’s Name] [Client’s Professor] [Client’s Subject] [Date Passed]

According to One World Nations Online, Spanish, next to English, is one of the most widely spoken languages in the United States as well as in the world. Including second language speakers, there are currently more than four hundred million people who speak Spanish. When we say ‘Spanish’, one of the attributes we can connect to it is the notion of romance or of love. Love, however, is about communicating and the primary tool of communication is language. It makes sense therefore to conclude that ...

An ‘English as a Second Language’ Collection for

Brisbane City Council Library Services Collection Development for Library Services and Course Number 3. Initial ESL Collection Development The “Success in Reading English: An ‘English as a Second Language’ Collection for Brisbane City Council Library Services (BCCLS)” is our group proposed library collection project. As part of the detailed overview and discussion of the library and information services, the context in which we anchor our initial ESL collection development is at the city of Brisbane Queensland, primarily; and secondarily, the online community. Brisbane, as Australia’s largest local government, has to serve its more than two million ...

The story by Amy Tan and that by Jasmin Darznikboth talk about languages. For this reason, they come in handy in helping deduce the importance of language to an individual. Language is one very vital tool for the purposes of communication. According to Amy Tan, language is a way in which one can understand another person. Conversely, every living being has a language that he or she understands clearly. From the point of birth, human beings begin learning a particular language. The language learnt at the time of birth is the language that the person’s guardians speak. This is the mother ...

How does one apply for a job? Applying for a job requires more effort than applicants typically assume. Some individuals consider it as easy as walking into a place of business, picking up an application, and waiting for a phone call. There are several more elements to the job application process than many realize that will help ensure success. For the most part, the job application process is all in the hands of a potential employee and in these circumstances you make your own luck. In order to apply for a job, the applicant must prepare a resume, practice their interview, and take the whole process ...

Introduction

Second language acquisition refers to the process through which people are able to learn a second language over and above their first language. It is essential to note that second language acquisition connotes what learners of such a second language do, rather than the practices involved in the teaching of such language. More significantly, the concept of second language acquisition may extend to cover the learning of a third, fourth or any other subsequent language in addition to the first language of a person (Norris and Ortega 23-26).This reference is a book. In this research paper, I examine the difficulties that beset a second ...

Müjde Gümüșçü Uğurlu

The effects of bilingualism in a minority language on third language acquisition

Abstract In the area of language acquisition, bilinguals differ from monolinguals in several ways. It is accepted that previous language knowledge is facilitative in developing proficiency in a new language and both the learner’s native and non-native languages can be sources of influence in acquiring a new language. Given the evidence that in some social situations knowledge of a second language is facilitative in learning a third, the paper investigates to what extent knowledge of a widely-spoken but non-official local language can be shown to be facilitative in this way. The students in this study are ...

Learning from My Past: Improving for My Future

“We are products of our past, but we don’t have to be prisoners of it.” Rick Warren As a bilingual student from China, attending college in the United States presented unforeseen challenges as I adjusted to this new environment in America. Even though I was very excited to be here, my ambition did not complement my immaturity. Regrettably, I did not earn straight A’s as done in high school and I did not focus or concentrate enough on my studies as I should, which resulted in earning a C average. Nonetheless, after realizing my errors, I was ...

Language has been preserved in a number of ways in the south west. Some of these modes used to preserve the sanctity of language as a means of transmitting cultural practice as well as lifestyles are namely; through the media, through teaching, evolving it and excreta. There have been teaching programs that have helped in language preservation as well; as revitalization for example, the Springs Hualapai program. There has been so many challenges that have confronted the development of the local language such as; the development of a federally, subsidized housing program. This led to the weakening of the former traditionally ...

Apparently, almost all cultures are associated with some kinds of stereotypes. While some of these stereotypes hold water, they are, in most cases inaccurate since they are biased generalizations based on subjective judgments. In the following arguments stereotyping will be presented as inaccurate with a special reference to the Mexican Americans, who, according to many researchers are among the most prominent victims of ill treatment, thanks to the stereotyped information available in American circles (Worthman. et al.2009:389). The findings of this paper can be used in relevant studies as it has been observed that the cultural group of Mexican American ...

The recent discovery of oil at the Native American reservations has placed the state in a very delicate state. Considering the demands of the California Indian Council, the state has to take into consideration the best strategy to solve the controversy surrounding the discovered oil and its exploitation while at the same time not compromising state laws as this might lead to a national outcry. California as well as the US understands the importance of oil as a source of energy in steering the economy forward and it will therefore be relevant and realistic if the state tries to convince the Hacama ...