Immune Reports Samples For Students

Introduction

Immunotherapy is a process through which diseases related to or rather affecting the immune system are treated by simply ensuring the capabilities of the immune system are improved.

Such is possible through various ways but the most common method of enhancing the immune system and ensuring its effective is through vaccination. This can also be made possible by eliminating or alternatively controlling some immune responses as evident when dealing with allergy issues. According to Edwin Smith Papyrus, treatment of most complex diseases was effected through surgery as it was considered the most effective method of treatment. This was mostly as ...

Introduction

The immunological disorders in an individual can occur due to three different reasons. This includes immunological diseases in an immunocompromised individual, or “autoimmune diseases”, or finally an immunological hypersensitivity that can lead to tissue damage.

Immunodeficiency diseases

Immunodeficiency diseases occur due to malfunctioning of the organs or cells in an individual. They are further classified as primary immunodeficiency (PID) and secondary immunodeficiency (SID).

Primary immunodeficiency disease

They occur when there is a direct defect in the immune system. They are further classified into eight groups depending upon the site of the defect.
Combined T and B deficiencies. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is an excellent ...

Differentiation of white blood cells by light microscopy

Most mammals have blood consisting of three types of blood cells, Red blood cells (Erythrocytes), White blood cells (Leukocytes) and Platelets (Thrombocyte). These are collectively termed as hematocyte, which simply means blood cell.
These cells constitute to around 40% to 45% of the blood volume. The remaining consist of Plasma, which is referred to the liquid part of blood. The total volume of blood can be determined by centrifugation or flow cytometry. The 45% of blood component (blood cells) is termed as hematocrit. Another important component of blood is hemoglobin, which gives blood its red color. It is ...

Based on the initial symptoms, the patient most likely suffers from hypothyroidism or low thyroid hormone disorder. Further clinical tests and an examination of the family’s medical history reveals that the particular disorder could be Hashimoto’s disease; also called Hashimoto thyroiditis. Hashimoto thyroiditis is classified as an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune disease, one's immune system attacks the body’s tissue specifically the thyroid gland (Skugor & Wilder, 2006, p.2). By attacking the thyroid gland, the disease reduces the gland’s ability to produce thyroid hormones of substantial quantity. This condition leads to hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone deficiency presents with ...

Introduction

Avian influenza also is known as bird flu and results from viruses acclimatized to some birds. People may be infected with avian influenza when they get into contact with the infected birds or infected fluids from the birds (Capua and Dennis 10). In this report, the discussion is about the evolution of avian influenza, characteristics of the virus, epidemiology of the virus, as well as the mode of transmission. Moreover, the paper talks about the gene expression of the virus, infection of the human by the virus, evolution of avian influenza's vaccines, and criticisms surrounding evolution of the virus.

Overall features of the avian flu virus

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Introduction

This report is a summary of Sections 3.1 to 3.10 of Chapter 3 – “Infectious Diseases and Treatments” – of “Biology of Disease” (Ahmed, Dawson, Smith & Wood, 2007).
Section 3.1: Introduction. A small number of pathogenic microorganisms can cause systemic disease – affecting the entire body. This chapter looks at selected examples of major body systems infections, including microorganisms that can cause generalized infections.

Section 3.2: Infections of the Skin. As an important part of the body’s immune defense system, the skin is normally populated by various microorganisms, which effectively prevent access by invading microorganisms such as Papillomaviruses ...

Causative agent

Chickenpox is a disease that is highly contagious, and its causative agent is varicella zoster virus (Wood).
Historical information
The history of the term chicken pox that is documented as being used from 1684 is not dependably known. There have been speculations that it was derived from chickpeas, on the basis of their resemblance of vesicles to chickpeas (Belshe).

Transmission

It begins with vesicular skin rash on the head and body. It is transmitted through the air and it easily spreads via sneezing or coughing by affected persons or via direct contact with the rash’s secretions. The patient ...

Chemistry

2. The nano carrier needs to remain in suspension in H2O, PBS, human serum, etc. What type of polymer do you need to use to decorate the surface of the nanocarrier to achieve this goal?
In order to maintain the nanocarrier in suspension in water, Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS), human serum a suitable solution a polymer is needed on its surface. The polymer used needs to accomplish three goals. The polymer needs to decorate the nanocarrier surface to enhance suspension and secondly, to prevent protein absorption. Another characteristic is that the polymer evades the immune system. PLGA poly(lactic-co-)glycolic ...

Introduction

The article is a research report on the social economical effects on early childhood development. The grounding aim of the research was to uncover the truth behind the subjectivity of children at early age to physical health problems as a result of poverty. The researchers in their aim to understand these findings utilized the conceptual framework relationship between biomedical and behavioral. The article seeks to make an outline of this framework and make prior discussions about its legitimacy (Chen, 2013).
The article discards the long common perception of associating certain diseases and disorders to old age. Heart diseases and certain ...

Purpose

The objective was to remove all doubts about the treatment of multiple sclerosis not being able to work for both men and women, whose domiciles are different. Comparisons for the treatment being given in two countries were to be made, with the aim of finding the similarities of drugs used, which work and which ones do not, as well as the differences between those regimens used. Through the differences, similarities, advantages and disadvantages uncovered from drugs obtained from two countries, the project sought to give male patients suffering from multiple sclerosis the ability to make sound and informed decisions ...

Since the dawn of human civilization, diseases have always been an ordinary part of people’s lives. As the civilization develops, human beings find new ways to resist illnesses, both naturally (because the human immune system also evolves) and medically (by vaccination). The results of a long-time fight against the disorders of our organism are impressing. A considerable number of maladies, which seemed to be lethal to our ancestors, are easy to prevent nowadays. For example, due to a growing role of general vaccination, the number of measles-caused the number of deaths to decrease dramatically from more than two ...

Introduction

Most of the microorganisms naturally present in the human body are harmless commensals. However, there also exists other disease causing microorganisms known as pathogens and the mechanism by which they cause disease is known as pathogenesis. These pathogens persist or multiply within the host causing infection. Some pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered as opportunistic pathogens that cause disease only in patients with compromised immunity and only under certain conditions. The infectious diseases may be treated with antibiotic drugs. However, it is important to know the different types of pathogens and the virulence factors by which they cause disease ...

[Class Title]

Executive Summary
The University of Maryland is considered as one of the best public universities in the United States. However, the rising cost of tuition fees and other charges has placed public institutions in an awkward situation making it questionable if whether they can provide affordable and quality education in the face of the current economic hardships. Students, on the other hand, could not help but seek for various loans in order to make their way through college. For most families who are earning a median income, sending a single child in college would leave them financially unstable ...

THE MICROSCOPE

The fundamental objectives of this report are to learn how to:
- handle and care about the microscope
- Identify various parts of the microscope such as the eye piece, arm, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, base, nose piece, objective lenses, stage condenser, and Iris diagram.
- Define various terminologies used while using the microscope such as the total magnification, resolving power, working distance, parfocal and real and virtual images.
- And finally to observe stained slides of bacteria or the fungi.

RESULTS

Concerning how to care about the microscope, the following should be taken ...

Background

Based from the interview and observation, the two most common diseases occurring in both sides of the family are: (1) diabetes, specifically NIDDM, and (2) heart disease, specifically atherosclerosis. These diseases are commonly known as lifestyle diseases mainly because of their non-curable characteristic.
It was found out that diabetes, in the family, might skip a generation because one of our grandparents had it, but none of their children or our parents was able to acquire diabetes. However, this is still only a theory and is not yet conclusive as we are yet to establish the prevalence among our (second) generation. ...

Introduction

Health care is one of the fields facing very difficult legal and moral issues in the society. Professionals in health care are put in a hard position while executing their duties due to the underlying moral and legal implications involved. Health policies regarding Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), abortions, end of life care and many other aspects vary from state to state as well as the international level. There are no internationally accepted standards that determine in finality how doctors and health care providers should handle such matter. Laws and constitutions have attempted to provide guidelines as to how such ...