Geological Research Papers Samples For Students

The contribution of Alfred Wegener

William C. McCullough
LAIS 370 History of Science
Colorado School of Mines
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of Alfred Wegener in the discovery of the Plates tectonics theory. It is believed that the modern day plate tectonics theory is an advancement of continental drift theory which was discovered by Wegener. The study will seek to explore his efforts and contribution to modern science and how he has helped to shape the world.

Overview

Plate tectonics also known as continental drift theory describes that the earth was at one time many years back a super continent whereby ...

(Teacher)

Sinkholes are a problem across the globe, especially in urban areas. Sinkholes can cause damage to roads, collapse structures, and destroy property. The biggest way to prevent a sink hole is to learn what factors are included in the formation a sinkhole is, how a sinkhole forms, and wheatther or not the sinkhole was naturally formed or if humans created the situation that caused the sinkhole in the first place. While it is not possible to actually prevent natural sinkholes, there are several ways that sinkholes which are created from human activity may be prevented, or at least ...

Gold is one of the most popular metallic elements. It has the symbol Au which means “shining dawn” or Latinaurum. The word “gold” however, comes from the old English word that means “yellow” (WiseGeek, 2013). Belonging to the group 11 in the periodic table of elements, Gold is known as a “transition metal” which means it is highly ductile and malleable. It is also very precious.
Gold was known and used as early as 6,000 B.C. for jewellery and other ornamentation. In early times, it was not used for much anything else other than decoration, even though it ...

Abstract

The Altar basin found in the north western Sonora of Mexico, is a known subsidiary basin forming the present inactive part of the Colorado River delta. The sedimentary records of this basin show how the delta upgraded over a late Miocene. A structurally distinct aquatic basin at the northern end of the Gulf of California is found. Our interpretation of outcrop data, and information from exploratory wells, as well as analog seismic lines of Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), and magnetic and gravity explorations from various sources pointed to the existence of three sedimentary sequences, which can be related at regional scale ...

The major source of water in Troy is ground water, also referred to as well water, which is stored below the ground surface in large deposits. The water percolates to the surface where it is harvested. This water, however, might not be fit for human consumption, therefore, monitors on the physical and chemical compositions, and bacterial contaminants are necessary in order to ensure quality (Bungay 23-40).
The development of the Troy Water Supply System started in the early years of 1800’s. During these early stages of the project, spring water was supplied through wooden pipes. This was a ...

Seismic Surveying: The Cost-Benefits of Carrying out 3D Seismic Reflection Surveys for Reservoir Delineation and 4D Seismic Reflection Surveys for Reservoir Management

Introduction

Many oil and gas companies regardless of their size, whether small or large, have heavily put reliance on 3-D seismic data to effectively and accurately delineate fields and thus discover new reserves. A 3-D survey has turned out to be more effective than a 2-D survey in exploration project. In a 3-D survey, one is able to study the structures and composition of the various layers underneath and therefore, being able to put on the correct gadgets to work. ...

Currently, the geological time scale is divided into three kinds of geological units: rock, time rock and time units. The rock units describe the physical (lithologic) characteristics of the rocks while the time units refer only to the passage of time. In line with this, the Cenozoic era refers to the time between 65 million years ago and today. It refers to the rocks that were deposited during the last 65 million years, and these rocks may have been altered during breaks in this record. These alterations could be caused by erosion, nondeposition or even nonrecognition and are largely ...

Abstract

The Lake Moeris Quarry Road built while the Old Kingdom of Egypt between 26th and 22nd centuries B.C. is the oldest paved road of the world and is testimony to the excellent sense of planning and execution of the ancient Egyptians of that period. The 8-miles of the main road was built by placing large stone blocks that were kept on the desert sand and to facilitate passage of sledges filled with blocks of Basalt to the quay of Lake Moeris, and then on to River Nile. Those Basalt blocks were shipped downstream of Nile to construction sites in ...

The National Park is located in the Montezuma County of Colorado in the United States. This park is the largest and elemental archaeological preserve in the country. It was developed in 1906 by the then president to preserve the existent cliff dwellings. These cliff dwellings are among the park’s most and best preserved attractions. The park occupies around 81.4 square miles close to the Four Corners and has numerous ruins of villages and homes built by the Anasazi people, also known as the Ancient Pueblo people. The park features more than 600 cliff dwellings and has more than ...

Introduction

Emission of the toxic substance by industries is common all over the world. Toxic substances are emitted daily by industries and anthropogenic activities. Toxic substances are categorized into three categories namely organic, inorganic and metallic compounds. Examples of organic, inorganic and metallic compounds are methane, sulfate and mercury respectively. There have been reports of these substances having negative effects on the environment. Substances like methane are responsible for increased atmospheric temperature. Sulfates affect soil. Sulfates combine with atmospheric water to form acid water. Acid water has a negative effect of soil and microorganism living in it. Mercury, on the other ...

Introduction3

Statistics.3
Offshore oil drilling4
Effects on the environment.7
Recommended solutions10
Conclusion.13

Works Cited14

Abstract
Today, the United States has over 5600 offshore gas and oil platforms; there are also over 27,000 miles of pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico area alone. This shows the extent to which offshore oil drilling occurs in the United States. In other developed parts of the world, the situation is the same. Oil is a product on high demand; this facilitates efforts in extracting it form its deposits deep in the sea floor. The retrieval requires the use of sophisticated equipment ...

Introduction

An estimate of 861 billion tons of coal deposits exist worldwide. According to the present rate of production, this amount can last for 112 yrs contrary to the oil and gas reserves that will last for fewer years approximately 45 to 54. Several countries in the world have coal reserves found in the biggest ones are China, Russia, USA and India. To prove recoverable reserves, engineers drill on the ground hence technically and economically extractable.
In contemporary times, reaching peak coal is questionable due to fall in the ratio of reserves to production. The point when there is ...

History 366

The Cave of Winds
Note: In this paper you will read about “Cave of Winds” which is considered one of the most famous places in Nigeria. The paper gives an overall picture of the place. First, the history tells that how it was discovered and visited. While discussing about geopraphical process, the paper highlights the limestone that goes back very nearly 500 million years in which Cave of the Winds was framed. The paper also throws light on a number of rocks found in the Cave of winds.

History; The Cave of Winds

Colorado Springs is famous for its history, yes, additionally for its ...

Abstract

Kuwait is a Middle East Country that was started in the eighteenth century by the Banj tribe members. It was known as Guraine, but was later changed to Kuwait by the tribe of Utbah. Kuwait was in war with Iraq when the US developed interest in the country. This research paper will endeavor in describing the history of Kuwait and how the US came to offer assistance. It will also strive to uncover the history of Kuwait-American Foundation (KAF) and show their relationship today.
Kuwait was established in the early eighteenth century by the tribe of Banj Utbah tribe ...

I have researched an article «$20 is the new $40», which discuss the changes in prices oo the oil market at the beginning of 2016 year. The energy, obtained from burning oil, is the main driving force of the economy today. Economic growth and oil prices move unidirectionally, and the slowdown in global economic growth is accompanied by a fall in world oil prices.
Oil supply in the world market depends on the demand for oil products and, accordingly, the factors that form the demand. At the same time, the volume of supply (production) on oil is affected by ...

Introduction

Industries in West Virginia have violated the state-issued permit of pollution by releasing toxic substances such as coal ash and selenium into the local water supply. In addition to the threat toxic substances like coal ash and selenium pose to the health of the community, toxic water destroys the environment and destabilizes the local ecosystem of the areas impacted by such pollution. West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) was formed as a guidance tool to aid persons to know when it is environmentally secure to withdraw water from the stream. This judgment is built on percentages of yearly ...

Water can be considered one of the most vital resources in the planet because of its benefits to every aspect of life. Aside from being used for drinking, water ensures that life is continously sustained around the planet. However, as mankind continues to grow, supplies of critical resources like water are slowly drying out due to various causes. While a majority could argue that it is due to the changing climates causing extreme heat, there are others saying that the reducing supply for water is because of pollution. For countries like the United States, issues regarding water supply and pollution ...

- Introduction
- The Grand Canyon in the State of Arizona
- Scope of paper
- Investigative review of published literature
- Geologic Time
- Time as a Relative Measurement
- Time is experienced by humans through daily events.
- Geologic Time is a deeper scale of time, spanning millions of years.
- Formation of the Grand Canyon
- Geologists agree that the Grand Canyon was carved by the Colorado River.
- The oddities of the Colorado River
- The Colorado River did not divert its course through an uplifted ...

Introduction

South East Arabia covers the area occupied by the ancient Trucial Oman and the regions of Abu Dhabi. The region has numerous resources that have provided a livelihood for the people over the years. Such resources include oases in the desert, coastlines, and mineral deposits in some regions. It falls into two categories. These areas are maritime South East Arabia and Mainland South East Arabia. The maritime part comprises resources and advancement made in the region’s seawaters. On the other hand, the mainland consists of regions, resources, and advancement made on the land areas inhabited by both man and ...

Biology

<Name of the Academic Institution>

Chart 1.

Historical impact of human activities on water pollution (estimated) (European Commission, 2010; British Geological Survey, 2013)
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this research is evaluation of various anthropogenic activities and their impact on water pollution and contamination throughout the recent centuries, as well as estimation of the possible future trends within this process.

Introduction

It is scientifically proved throughout numerous researches that agricultural and industrial activities have a negative impact on condition of groundwater all around the world. Current trends demonstrate that, although the paradigm of global development and technologies may change over ...

[university name]

ABSTRACT

Studying of the outer space is called space science. The space exploration is the discovery and exploration of the outer space. The study of space is mainly done by the astronomers, later it was made as one of the divisions of space science. The astronomers explore the outer space with the help of the telescope. The physical explorations are conducted by the unmanned robotic probes and human space flight. In early centuries, the space race occurred between the Soviet Union and the United States of America during the period of cold war. The abstract of this research ...

With the world actively engaging in methods to counter the debilitating effects of global warming, the issue of changing man’s preferred power source is put into scrutiny. Scientists, experts, and even activists argue that the reason for the continuous severity of global warming is due to man’s preferred use of coal or fossil fuels to power up many of man’s machineries. Although this particular debate is still being discussed by various parties, it is undeniable that there is an ongoing shortage on power and power generators for both developed and developing countries. In the United States, ...

- Background
Several of the Asia and Pacific developing countries are located in the world’s hazard belts and are subject to occurrence of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, windstorms, tidal waves and landslides, etc.
The major natural disasters that happen at times in this region are mostly due to climatic and seismic causes. Weather become increasingly unpredictable, communities and local governments are beginning to recognize the risks associated with the occurrence of increasing number of natural disasters and have begun to ask more questions.
We all need to know what we can ...

1. Brief History if Russian economic development and the role of nature gas in it.
2. Literature – the outlook of two articles with the relates topics, critical analysis of the authors point of view regarding the importance of nature gas owning by the Russian Federation in the geopolitical and internal policy.
3. Body:
- The place of Russia among the largest gas owning countries.
- The main Deposits locations of nature gas
- Natural gas in the fuel and energy balance of Russia
- The Russian nature gas market
- Government support ...

Explain how energy moves through Florida Everglades’s ecosystem. Start with producers, move up to Keystone Predators, and complete the energy flow by including the decomposers.
Energy flows in an ecosystem in one direction, the food chain. It is also referred to as the calorific flow (Odum, 1988). This is mainly because in any ecosystem there is a prey and a predator. The energy will move from the prey to the predator. As much as energy moves from prey to predator, there is also movement of energy within the prey itself. When an animal ingests food, it is broken down ...

Figure 8A-2, the map showing Tectonic Evolution of South Asia, provides a fascinating view of the post-Pangea movement of the India plate (de Blig, Muller, and Nijman 406). Many times, people imagine that Pangea represents a time when continents moved apart, but as this map demonstrates, it is also a time when landmasses came together in new ways. Fifty-five million years ago, the land mass that is known as India today was over 1800 kilometers south of the Eurasian plate, in the southern hemisphere of the world well below the equator. Slowly, the India landmass moved northward until about ten million years ...

The definition of geographic experience varies subjectively from one individual to another. In an endeavor to explain what a geographic experience is, people give various events that have occurred in the recent history. In my case, the geographic experience that I have had is the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The natural disaster, which was a result of seismic waves and sudden adjustment in the geological strata underneath the ocean, claimed many lives and property as the raging waters swept the coastal settlements. The most important reason as to why I deem the phenomenon as a geographic experience is because it greatly involved, ...

Physics of the Landing

Curiosity rover which is the size of a small car a one tone robot landed on mars safely and it was declared as one of the most difficult and daring attempted interplanetary missions costing one point six billion dollars. The rover which is six wheeled was lowered on three nylon tethers to the surface of the Martian. The tethers were suspended from a sky crane hovering air borne with retro rockets. This is one of the most advanced planetary activity currently carried out by the engineers of physics of landing and it has took the world by surprise since many people did ...

Disaster management is perhaps one of the disciplines that has gained much acceptance in the contemporary world. With the rate at which both natural and human-initiated disasters are occurring, it is no puzzle why this discipline is rapidly gaining popularity in institutions of higher learning (Jones, 2011). Fundamentally, disaster management is concerned with the monitoring and directing of resources, including human resources, in handling all charitable aspects of unforeseen disturbances. It is a multiphase cycle that involves preparedness, responding, and mitigation in relation to emergencies. Disasters are nonroutine occurrences, which in most cases are difficult to predict and call for ...

1. The FEMA mapping homepage supports multiple resources including mapping and engineering tools and MIP web services. Nonetheless, the website is inherently difficult to navigate hence is not user-friendly. In terms of data, key emphasis is on flood risk assessment with the recently initiated Risk map building on the flood hazard data. The risk map homepage still focuses flood hazard data which, as FEMA acknowledges, forms the basis of risk assessment. Clicking on the map viewer, it is evident that only a map indicating the risk of floods in the United States and territories appears, rather than a comprehensive data on ...

Mars Science Laboratory Mission Objectives

The first objective of the Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL) is to ascertain the availability of environments that can accommodate life entities in the past and at present. MSL will achieve this using of scientific instruments to collect and examine the samples of Mars’ atmosphere, rocks and soil. Analysts will then conduct physical, biological and chemical tests.
Mars Science Laboratory will compare and contrast Planets earth and Mars to determine conditions that support life and conditions that do not.
Mars Science Laboratory will also investigate changes in planet Mars that have occurred over time by examining the ...