Heroin Research Papers Samples For Students

Abstract

The research paper discusses the origin and nature of methadone, including the historical aspect of its development and further commercial and scientific use. The paper also describes the pharmacology of methadone, including the route of administration of the drug, its metabolism and its mechanism of action. Next section of the paper explains the experience in medical use of methadone, as it`s a great alternative to the painkillers based on the opiates, it plays a major role in the therapy of maintaining and replacement and treating the withdrawals syndromes. The positive effects on the pregnant patients are also described here with a ...

SLIDE 2

Opium is a strong drug, derived from the sun-dried milky juice extracted from the unripe pods of the opium poppy. Contains about 20 alkaloids. In traditional medicine, due to the high content of morphine alkaloids used as a strong painkiller. However, he quickly called drug addiction and is now used only as a raw material for medicines (morphine, codeine, papaverine, and others), as well as for the synthesis of the drug heroin.

SLIDE 3

The first mention of opium was fixed 300th year BC. Opium was used in ancient Greece, its analgesic properties were mentioned by Hippocrates. The use of opium was spread eastwards to India ...

Having an addiction of any kind is dangerous. However, one kind of addiction that involves the most amount of health risk is drug addiction. Drug addiction is an ill that can rear its ugly head no matter who you are, and that is reason enough to take notice of it. Sadly though, despite what many people would like to believe, addiction to drugs is still very much a part of modern society, and the numbers surrounding the addiction are mind boggling to say the least. According to figures provided by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, around 167 ...

Following the death of Phillip Seymour Hoffman in February of 2014, media outlets in America and elsewhere filled with news of it. Alongside this news were claims that there was an uptick of heroin usage in the United States. Virtually all media centers seemed to point to the possibility of an uptrend in the use of heroin in contrast to that of its relatives in the opioid group. The media claimed that there were new warnings from health officials in the US of an impending confirmation on a heroin epidemic. According to some of the health officials interviewed, the heroin ...

(Student’s name)
(Institution’s Name)

Introduction

Heroin belongs to the opiate family, a class of drugs derived from either the flowers of the poppy plant, or from their synthetic substitutes. In heroin’s case, it is produced from morphine. This is a naturally occurring material derived from the seedpod of the poppy plants. Like numerous drugs made from opiates, heroin is incredibly a strong painkiller
Every opiate abuse, as well as heroin and several prescriptions pain relievers, carries with them a solid risk of addiction along with physical dependence. Heroin commonly appears as a white otherwise brown powder. Purest heroin is a white powder, ...

<Student’s name>
<University>

Abstract

In order to give a comprehensive assessment of the ratio of drug trafficking and organized crime, it is necessary to study the history of drug trafficking in the transformation of an important branch of the criminal enterprise - such as how it happened with the bootlegging era of "dry law". As soon as concern over opium derivatives such as morphine and heroin, has led to the adoption of the extremely important on the value of legislation - the Law of Harrison, our historical review will focus on this addictive substance.

Historical Background

In the United ...

Opiates refer to groups of drugs that are derived from poppy seeds usually found in Asia. In medicine field, the term opiate refers only to the narcotic opioid alkaloids extracted as natural products from the opium poppy plant known as Papaver somniferum (Earhart). These drugs have a high potential of being abused by users and are known to bock pain temporarily. It is very difficult for someone who uses opiates regularly to avoid getting hooked up by the use of drugs.
The prescription of opiates is mostly in pill form although some like heroin can be a powder that is ...

The New Heroin Epidemic

According to Gilderman (2012) the United States experienced their largest heroin epidemic from 1967 to 1971; the second largest epidemic lasted from 1976 to 1981 (para. 9). So generally when people hear about a heroin epidemic they immediately think back to the 60s and 70s. There seems to be no recognition that there could be an ongoing epidemic of heroin use right now in the United States. Not only that, the epidemic is global including large areas of sub-Saharan African countries as well as in other locations around the world.

The question considered in this essay is: Does a new heroin ...

Abstract

American troops serving in Vietnam turned to drugs and alcohol to deal with the atrocities of war. Initially, the drug of choice in the war was marijuana. However, when the problem was discovered, the military took actions to eliminate marijuana use. This provided an avenue for heroin to become the drug of choice. The production of heroin in Vietnam, the easy accessibility to the drug and the relatively low cost of the drug attracted American troops. It did not take long for heroin addiction to become significant among the troops. Heroin use began to deteriorate the health, welfare, discipline ...

<Student Name>
<Name and Section # of course>
<Instructor Name>
Drug abuse is the chemical abuse which is a disorder since, the pattern to use the drug is not adequate. The mental distress usually leads to the usage of inadequate drugs. Drug abuse is the outcome of the drug addiction in which an individual becomes addicted to the certain drug and cannot balance himself without the drug. Consequently, the individual requires the drug by all means which leads him to crimes and also endangers his life.
People get addicted to various drugs which have ...

Introduction

The topic of this paper presents a study from a sociological perspective on how the abuse of opiates affects society. The viewpoint renders its gaze from the application of conflict theory. The progression of this research paper posits its analysis through several stages. Beyond the introduction herein, the conversation moves into a bit of history, and thereafter assesses a reasoning section prior to approaching a conclusion. What is conflict theory and how may it be defined? According to the ‘Sociological Guide’ conflict theory may be defined as a collection of several ‘conflict theories,’ however the prominent one links to the Karl Marx model. The Marxist ...

Abstract

The study has focused on the topic of substance abuse among African American teen residing in Mott Haven area of Bronx United States. The paper has started by giving an overview that entails defining the topic’s key terms. Also, the study has highlighted and discussed the statistics showing the frequency of drug and substance abuse among the African American youngsters. As the report has indicated, the teens fall under the age bracket of 12 to 17 years. The paper has explained the drugs abused most by the youngsters with alcohol taking the lead, followed by marijuana, inhalants as ...

Introduction

Drug trafficking as defined by the UNODOC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) refers to the illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture and sale or distribution of drugs in contravention of the law prohibiting the handling of drugs. This vice has been in operation for quite a whole now. This saw Clinton’s drug czar Barry McCaffrey retort that drug trafficking has been in place from as far as 1996 (Suddath, 2009). The truth is that drug trafficking has been a global issue for over 40 years. The war on drug trafficking was instituted in an early stage. Mora (1996) ...

Vicent’s case study

Question 1- Discuss in point form
The clinical features of the scenario that lead you to administer oxygen.
The clinical scenario that lead you to administer oxygen; cyanosis, level of consciousness indicated with GSC 7, respiratory rate of 4 breath per minute which is regular but shallow, lowered pulse rate which is weak and regular are the clinical features that are responsible for the initiation of oxygen administration.

The physiological rationale for administering oxygen.

The physiologic rationale is to manage hypoxia and thus reduce the cyanosis, which is the result of shortage of oxygen and increased concentration ...

Introduction

Nowadays, the struggle against the use, dissemination, and production of drugs is quite severe. Despite the fact that so-called War on Drugs has been launched in 1971, it seems like there was no serious developments in this direction. Since the development of this campaign, loads of taxpayers’ funds were invested to this fight, a lot of people were detained, and tons of substances confiscated. The War led to the militarization of the police and involvement of the military into the raids on multiple occasions. One of the main issues here is the focus of the authorities on a specific ...

Introduction 3

Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy 3
Summary of Model 4
Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 6
Medication Treatment Approaches 7
Medication Assessment Treatment 8
Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 11
Therapeutic Modality use with a patient with a Substance Disorder 11
Ethical, legal, Individual and Socio-Cultural Implications 12
Conclusion 12

References: 13

Addiction Treatments
Introduction
In the past, there were times when the society actually looked at drug addiction as some kind of a flaw that was moral. Research shows that popular "treatments" did things much different than they did today. For instance, it involved ...

Marijuana use by teenagers in the 10th and 12th grade increased from 14.2% and 18.8% in 2007 to 17.0% and 22.9% in 2012 respectively. A continued abuse of prescription and OTC drugs also continued to rise, especially on the use stimulants and pain relievers. While marijuana and medical drugs showed consistent and, other times, escalating use, other drugs of abuse such as inhalants, cocaine and MDMA (ecstasy) decreased in all. Alcohol use among teenagers, on the other hand, showed a slight increase in 2012. Cigarettes, though peaked around 1997, continued to decrease until now. Both cigarettes (17.1%) and marijuana (22.9%) ...

A Critical Analysis

James Baldwin’s “Sonny’s Blues” (1965) is one of his best known stories, and it continues to attract critical attention and to attract new readers. Written during the Civil Rights Campaign of the 1960s, Baldwin eschews his habitual preoccupations with homosexuality and inter-racial relationships to write a moving story of two brothers. Clark 934) argues that the story “meticulously interrogates and dismantles the superficial, socially imposed aspects of men’s relationships precisely because the story is so uniquely asexual.” – unique in Baldwin’s work, he means. Famously, Baldwin uses the music of the blues and jazz as a metaphor for ...

Drug abuse has become a worldwide issue, where each and every nation is struggling to control and prevent the ever increasing rate of drugs and substance abuse. As of today, the issue has become part of debate in almost all communities and nations in the world, and the question on who should take charge and how these issues should be solved without major effects on the society at large, has also raised more concern.

Drug and substance abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of frequent use of a certain drug substance, which is not considered dependent (Abadinsky, 2010). While this definition may ...

Introduction

Relationship between drug and crime
Drug abuse occurs as a result of maladaptive habits of drug use. It is manifested by recurrent and significant impact associated with repeated intake of the drugs. These problems occur repeatedly during the period of 12 months. The criteria include; harmful impacts of repeated use rather than tolerance and pattern of compulsive use. Drug abuse leads to addiction and drug dependency. The dependency raises the maladaptive pattern of substance abuse, resulting to cluster of behavioral and psychological phenomenon that develops after several drugs intakes. Drug dependency includes a strong urge to take the drug; difficulties in ...

The Most Controversial & Debated Plant in the Country

INTRODUCTION
Weed, grass, bud, pot, “giggle-twig,” Kush, “greenery,” and marijuana are all names for one plant; Cannabis. Whether one has first-hand experience or not, most Americans are aware of what Cannabis looks and how it smells. However, beyond that many people cannot agree on much else concerning the uses, laws and policies of this one, single plant. Some people believe that Cannabis is a dangerous, addictive, illicit drug as equally as threatening as any other drug, like heroin and methamphetamines, also called Speed. However, there are an ever-growing number of people in this country who argue that many of ...

The film Trainspotting (1996), which was based on the book of the same name, was about a group of drug addicts in the depressed areas of Edinburgh (Böckenfeld). It follows the lead character, Mark Renton, and his friends as they explore the urban areas of Edinburgh which are plagued with poverty and squalor. Although the film was mainly about the highs and lows of drug addicts, their circle of friends, lies and deceit, the film had a number of economic themes which were very historic.
One thing that was a bit awkward about the film was how the main character ...

Country Report: China

- Introduction
Since the time of the early civilizations, China has remained to be permanent actor in the development of practices, traditions, and history throughout the globe. From being traders from the East, the Chinese had been able to keep up with development and be one of the world’s leading actors in politics and economy today. However, while the nation is known for its steady economic development and growing political power, China is also known for its still communist roots and the potential impact it has over its neighboring countries. The international community, especially the United States, ...

For many years, most of the European countries and the states of the USA debate about the legalization of drugs. Historically, marijuana has become one of the most popular and frequently discussed drugs. Moreover, it is already legalized in several states in the US and in the several other countries around the world. As it usually is, there are two main camps of supporters and opponents of legalization. The problem of this issue is rather complex and controversial. This inconsistency can be understood by considering the arguments of both positions, i.e. for and against. Anyway, if marijuana is legalized ...

There are so many diseases, conditions and disorders that can negatively affect human beings that are inconvenient, problematic and, some can be fatal. That said finding treatments and cures for these ailments is paramount, but not everyone is comfortable with the many different chemicals and drugs that are supported by physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. Some people have, do and will continue seek out different treatments, outside the traditional medical approaches. These different approaches are called “alternative medicine.” Alternative medicine can include choosing medicinal marijuana instead of prescription pain killer, faith healing and acupuncture. However, many argue that if ...

Introduction

Marijuana is a significant topic throughout the United States. It can be considered one of the hottest topics regarding the general public and the Legislature. There is a growing reform when it comes to legalizing marijuana. Today, more than half of the country is in favor to legalizing the use of marijuana. The Drug Policy Alliance believes that marijuana should be treated and regulated like alcohol and tobacco and that it should be completely removed from the criminal justice system. Over the past two years, several states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana. This paper analyzes the arguments ...

Brief History

Controversies regarding the use of methadone have been existent over the past three decades. The use of the drug has received praise and condemnation in equal measure. The controversies have been persistent especially due to misinformation on the part of the various parties concerned; the addicts and their families, sponsors, physicians and ethnic leaders. Staff who are meant to guide addicts need to get the right information on the level of safety.
The recent past has seen an increase in the number of methadone-related deaths. This is especially so in the use of the drug in combination with ...

Problem Statement/Introduction:

Prescription pain medication abuse has become an epidemic. The statistics on this form of abuse are increasing and are fatal. Prescription opioid pain medicine are being abused and are leading to more deaths than all other street illicit drugs including cocaine and heroin. Over 86% of OxyContin abusers report that they had not been prescribed the drug for medical purposes. Health care providers wrote 259 million prescriptions for painkillers in 2012, enough for every American to have a bottle of pills. In 2012, of the 41,502 drug overdose deaths in the USA, 22,114 (53%) were related to pharmaceuticals. ...

This paper considers the links between drug addiction and crime rates. As described by Gottfredson et al. (2008), they are “two of the most intractable social problems facing the United States.” Extensive research into the relationship between drugs and crime has produced three explanations. The first is that the use of drugs leads to criminal activity. The second is the reverse of that; i.e. that crimes lead to people using drugs. The third explanation offered is that the relationship between drugs and crime has a series of common causes. The objective of this research paper is to establish that drugs ...

Drug Abuse or Substance Abuse also called chemical abuse leads to disorder which is characterized with vicious pattern of substance usage leading to distress and significant problems. Over 7% of the population is affected by Drug abuse in their lifetime. These days, many teenagers engage themselves in drug abuse especially Narcotics (Drug prescribed for severe pain relief) and stimulating medications for treating disorder like attention deficit and narcolepsy (“Dryden-Edwards”).

Drugs Abuse and Types of Drugs

If ingesting a substance causes feeling of euphoria (high) then that substance can be abused. There are many legal and illegal drugs which people are well aware of but there are ...

<Student’s name>

Abstract

Marijuana is a psychoactive drug derived from a variety of hemp, which contains the greatest amount of substance (cannabis). In nature, there are approximately 60 cannabinoids, the most effective of which - delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. There are three main types of cannabis: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis, the latter contains the least amount of THC. There is also a huge number of hybrids that combine both sativa, and indica.
The regulation and the legal status of cannabis as a narcotic substance in many countries around the world based on the laws governing its cultivation, transportation, sale and use. ...

There are laws in many countries, which control the use of cannabis. The plant is one of the most controlled plants in the world. In addition, one has elicited great debate. In western countries, marijuana is either legal or largely tolerated despite legal restrictions while in the East trafficking is punishable by death. This difference in restriction of bang is attributed to cultural differences and legal frameworks. This paper will address the pros and cons of legalizing the use of marijuana by separating cultural perceptions from the debate surrounding the drug.

Marijuana is among of the most popular names ...

‘Medical Marijuana’ is the term used to contrast the use of marijuana as a pharmaceutical to the recreational use of marijuana; it is marijuana which is used as a pharmaceutical (NCI, 2012; Louie, 2005). Marijuana is a species of cannabis so that term is also used when discussing medical marijuana (Fichtner, 2010, 63-64). Hash, hashish oil and marijuana are all made from parts of the Cannabis sativa plant (NCI, 2012; Louie, 2005). The pharmaceutical effects that relieve symptoms such as chronic pain and nausea are due to the active ingredient in the marijuana plant called THC. The chemical name is delta9tetrahydrocannnabinol (NCI, ...

The Social Determinants of HIV/AIDS among African-American Women in the Southern States

Introduction
HIV/AIDS is a serious condition that has led to numerous cases of deaths among the people of the United States. The epidemic has a higher prevalence among the African-American population thus presenting a risk factor for the children growing up. HIV condition holds a huge stigma among many people and as a result, it is not easy to discover that people are suffering from this condition. Consequently, many people end up becoming victims due to the fact that, the HIV positive population is unable to speak up and ensure that the condition is not spread among other people ...

Policy Positions Paper: Use of Medical Marijuana in Georgia

The use of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) can be traced back more than 5000 years ago related to medical, recreational, and spiritual reasons (Bostwick, 2012). The United States Pharmacopeia has included it since 1850’s, and until the 1930’s physicians provided prescriptions for it for a number of physical complaints (Narcanon International, 2016). In 1970, the United States Congress determined it had no valid therapeutic value and categorized it as a Schedule I illegal substance. However, a number of sources have stated that marijuana has no addictive properties (Samsha, 2016). The National Institute on Drug Abuse state this is ...

The multicultural society of today exerts pressure on the individuals living in the society to maintain and identify of themselves and live within the context of their class and culture. Today, one can identify at a number of levels and in a different sense, such ethnic, cultural, personal or social sense. As a result, it can lead to conflicting situations and conflict within one’s identity. While an individual’s class is predetermined by birth, he can still achieve a higher position in a capitalist society. Cultures continue to evolve and develop and because of technological advances, the Cultural ...

James Baldwin is best known for his novels, short stories and essays. Most of his work revolves around the themes of discrimination towards blacks and homosexuals. Most of his work is considered to be at least somewhat autobiographical because a reader can often detect the traces of his own past torture and dilemmas. The loneliness and the suffering from all the taunts which he faced all his life are reflected in his writings.

Baldwin was born in Harlem in August 1924. His mother was Emma Berdis Jones, who happened to be single and poor at the time. No one never ...

It has been a documented phenomenon in the field of psychology that art can serve as an outlet for suffering. Olga Gonithellis, MA has written about the topic. It is not that all artists suffer, but many arts suffering can increase their “Artiness.” (Gonithellis, 1). This is a central theme of James Baldwin’s story “Sonny’s Blues.” Sonny, the protagonist in the story was from a poor black neighborhood and like many musicians in his time in place, used drugs. In the story Sonny is an ex heroin addict uses music to ease his suffering. The central question of the story ...

Like any fatal ailment, drug abuse is also an epidemic that claims a number of our resources at state and national levels. The drug user impinges on not only himself, but also the people around him and also bears a financial burden on the government. Substance abuse costs the nation more than $484 billion each year as opposed to the cost of diabetes at $131.7 billion and the cost of cancer at 171.6 billion. According to these figures, the tax dollars that we are paying are being expanded more in the drug use problem than any other major disease. What’s ...

Introduction

Pregnancy is associated with particular risks in women who use alcohol or drugs and this applies to both legal and illegal drugs because the fetus is connected to the blood circulation of a mother. A pregnant woman, who consumes alcohol or drugs, may have premature childbirth, abortion or even if a baby is born then he/she may suffer serious and sometimes life-long damages. Scientifically, it cannot be determined exactly at what amount and frequency of taking various drugs in pregnancy endanger a child. For pregnant women or those who want to be pregnant, there is only one piece of advice to quit ...

Throughout history individuals use drugs for different reasons. The abuse of drugs has different effects on different individuals even long after using drugs. Researchers continue to experiment on the area of drug abuse, but the number of drugs in the society today, makes it difficult to ascertain the impact of every drug that is on the market. In order to understand how the different types of drugs work on an individual, one must understand the various changes that occur in different parts of the body. CNS, depressants, narcotics, tobacco, alcohol, and stimulants are some of the drugs of abuse. ...

Health abnormalities of various kinds possess a deep association with the underlying factors which are of genetic, biochemical and environmental origin. Affected individuals are more prone to suffer from an impaired quality of life (QOL). As a result, their management also places a significant burden on the family members and the healthcare system. Especially, health abnormalities linked with substance abuse present a challenging task. The reason is that people with substance abuse behavior either have or more vulnerable to mental health problems. There is a need to highlight this particular healthcare problem, its challenges, assessment and management with the aid of available literature. So, ...

Behaviorism and Drug Addiction

Behavioral or learning theory is of the opinion that drug addiction is behavioral disarray in which drugs function as the excellent reinforcing elements. Drug addiction becomes a disorder when the need for drug reinforcement assumes a significant portion of a person’s behavior. Drug addiction is a form of excessive behavior. Addiction is excessive behavior that occurs when associated activities are appropriate and expected. Behavioral theory puts drug addiction in the same category as gambling and overeating; excessive behaviors attributed to addiction.
The characteristic of drug addiction in the behavioral framework is that the addict experiences escalated progression in the need to ...

Biography

MacKenzie Phillips was born on 10th November 1959 in Alexandria, Virginia in the United States of America. Her parents were celebrities John Phillips and Susan Phillips. The father was a rock musician while the mother was a ballerina dancer. Mackenzie had four siblings namely Jeffrey Phillips, Tamerlane Phillips, Chynna Phillips and Bijou Phillips. The latter two were a singer and an actress respectively. Her father later married Michelle Gilliam after divorcing his first wife Susan Phillips when Mackenzie was 3 years old. Mackenzie’s family life was troubled given the early family separation. At the age of three, her mother had parted ...

Introduction

Substance abuse among pregnant women is a problem that is still a health issue. Estimated figures show that roughly 4% of all births in the U.S happen in women who abuse prescription or illicit drugs which include barbiturates, opoid pain relievers, benzodiazepines and stimulants during pregnancy. In addition to abusing prescription and illicit drugs, women also use tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy. Of course this has effects. According to Economidoy et al (163), maternal drug abuse can have an effect on pregnancy outcomes as well as childhood development and health. Children who are born to women who used such substances during ...

[Writer’s Name]

Abstract

Sinaloa Carter is a syndicate of criminals involved in drug-trafficking. It is mainly involved in the distribution and smuggling of Mexican Marijuana, Mexican and Southeast Asia heroin, Colombian cocaine and methamphetamine in the Univted States of America. Sinaloa Cartel is heavily involved in clashes with other cartels over the dominancy issues over routes as well, which has resulted in the loss of thousands of lives. Law enforcement strategies and statures can be applied to eradicate the strengths of this cartel, which may be done by checking money laundering, systematic tracking and weakening the alliances. The persons proved ...

Introduction

The history of marijuana in the twentieth century has been a slow process for its social acceptance. This process of acceptance still continued in twenty-first century. If we look into the history, In the 1936 a movie "Reefer Madness," shows marijuana smokers, they were portrayed as morally depraved fiends. In 1950s, marijuana was considered as a dangerous drug, people assumes that marijuana was a stepping stone towards the use of heroin and more dangerous drugs. In 1979, In a pole by CBS News, New York showed that27 percent of Americans were in favored legalization of marijuana by taxing it. Slowly but consistently, the social ...

The legalization of marijuana has been a very controversial case for decades, with strong arguments on either side. For most of the 20th century and beyond, it has been illegal in the United States and other countries, turning its sale and usage into a vast underground market that has gone untapped by any professional outlet. Some say that it is a harmful, addictive drug that leads to health detriments down the line for those who use it. However, there are others who claim that it is perfectly safe, not addictive, and could be an incredible source of income for a legitimate economy. The legalization ...

Addiction is a dangerous chronic disease which comes in many forms such as drug use, gambling habits, sexual behaviors, the addiction to food and the desire to have an abundance of money that is obtained by any means. Addiction has created destruction in many families, crumbled prosperous lives and has even ended in the death of the addict, Is there a cure for an addict. The answer is no however it can be managed by empowering the addict with knowledge of the disease, taking actions to control the addiction and treating the disease.
2.The difference between addiction and dependency.
...

Abstract

Researchers showed that genetics has a strong influence on individual’s behavior when it comes to addiction. Substance abuse and dependence are disorders that are usually manifested together with some other psychological disorders such as antisocial personality disorder, depression, anxiety and others. Patients who suffer from depression or schizophrenia more often manifest addictive behavior. Explanation for this co-morbidity is found in genetic polymorphism. There are alterations in recorded activity of the brain in individuals who abuse substances. Their brainwaves are abnormal so was the brainwaves of their children, who never tried psychoactive substances. Biology is the basis of the brainwaves and ...

Introduction

Most educated people are aware that substance abuse – using recreational drugs or regularly consuming excessive amounts of alcohol can lead to addiction and/or cause a number of harmful effects. This paper discusses those effects which are wide ranging, can affect the health and the safety of the subject and the subject’s family and friends, and can lead to criminal activity and even the death of the subject.

The Research

- General definition of the problem.
Excessive use of drugs and/or alcohol is collectively termed “substance abuse” – a recognized disease. A Florida Institute of Technology article “Facts about Alcohol and Drug Abuse” ( ...

Methods of Engagement in Afghanistan: Security, Identity and Economy

The cultural differences between the United States (U.S) and Afghanistan are huge. The U.S. celebrated its independence from the British Empire about 1236 years ago compared to Afghanistan’s population who has lived there for generations. The U.S. first became involved militarily there when it armed Afghan fighters against the Soviet invasion between 1979 and 1989. A devastating ten year Civil War followed. (Rohde & Crossette, 2001) Next the Taliban came to power and then lost power when the current U.S. war against Afghanistan started in 2001. Unfortunately after over a decade war in Afghanistan the suffering of the people seems ...

Obesity is defined as a medical condition in which there is excessive accumulation of fat within the body specifically adipose tissue which leads to an increase in the incidences of health problems such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and by extension a reduction in life expectancy. The other definition that is commonly accepted is that obesity is a medical condition characterized by a person having a Body Mass Index (BMI) that is greater than 30kg/m2. Obesity is classified into three categories: class I, class II, and class III. A person with BMI of between 30 and 34.9 falls in the category of class I ...

Many different themes of apparent opposition come from reading James Baldwin’s classic short story, Sonny’s Blues. There are themes of life versus death, good versus bad, light versus darkness, safety versus danger, white versus black, seeing versus blindness, and outside versus inside, to name only a few. A theme that encompasses all of these supposed oppositions is order versus chaos. The characters in Sonny’s Blues attempt to make order from the roiling dangers of poverty, addiction, war, and other chaotic elements of life in Harlem of the 1950s. However, Baldwin does not present chaos and order as ...

The Rise of Prescription Painkiller:

OxyContin was developed by Purdue Pharma L.P., pharmaceutical company in Stamford, Connecticut. A controlled-release formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride, OxyContin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1995 for treatment of moderate to severe pain; it was designed to give a sustained release of its active ingredient, oxycodone, over a period of twelve hours (Pacheco, 2002)

OxyContin History and Growth Background

OxyContin has been placed in Schedule II of Controlled Substances Act of 1970, indicating that while it is very effective, there is still a risk of addiction. It carries a safety warning called the “black box” cautioning users not to crush, ...

Imagine a drug so powerful it can make you calm down from your most pressing panic attack. What’s more, it can also get you high, or enhance the high you already have. Not only that, you can get it from your doctor and pick it up at your local pharmacy. Alprazolam, otherwise known as Xanax, is a type of benzodiazepine prescribed to many people throughout the world. Released in 1981, it is meant to deal with panic attacks and anxiety disorders, calming the patient through releasing itself as a sedative and muscle relaxant.
Xanax abuse is rampant in this country, ...

Thesis Statement

Marijuana should be legalized because the legalization will bring economic benefits, such as tax revenue, creation of new jobs, and money which was used to fight marijuana smokers also can be saved. This marijuana research paper digs into this thesis statement.

Introduction

Marijuana is a drug that has been around for some time; it is a completely natural, typically unprocessed narcotic that has an incredible appeal to millions of people as a recreational drug. However, the prohibition of marijuana has left a giant missed opportunity for the American economy. Instead of taking advantage of this bumper crop, its illegal status has made otherwise normal, friendly people to seek out the drug on their ...