Essays on Ethical Theories

Ethics & Corporate Responsibility at the workplace and the World

All companies big or small have a responsibility towards its stakeholders for ethical execution of its operations so as not to hurt their interests or trust in the company. These responsibilities exceed beyond the workplace and must focus on improving the working and living conditions of its workers and other stakeholders. This paper is an attempt towards addressing the issues in Ethics and CSR with reference to a pharmaceutical company, PharmaCare with its Head Office at New Jersey. It is reputed to produce life saving and life improving drugs and is ethically inclined towards poorer sections of society to ...

Introduction

The broad issue of gender equality and empowerment of women has been discussed in length and depth by various stakeholders in society. In fact, the topic stands out as one of the most highly debated issues through the years. The continued occurrence of incidences of gender discrimination clearly points out that the debates are yet to yield their ultimate objectives. The primary contention in all such arguments is the continuous portrayal of women as a lesser gender and thus belittling the morality and feminine’s obligations in society. Male chauvinists, who consider themselves superior and more potent have continuously ...

International Olympic Committee Ethical Issues

Background One of the most recent scandals occupying the headlines of the international print and social media is the doping scandal, surrounding the Russian Olympic and Paralympic Team and the participation of the athletes in the Olympic Games in Rio this August. The Games have started and it is evident that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) along with Independent Committee and Brazilian Authorities took the decision not to ban the team from participation, causing dual and controversial response from the international community. The organization in a focus of the scandal is the IOC, heavily criticized for the way it ...

Introduction

According to Trevino & Nelson (2011, p. 35), fraud does not happen as a coincidence. To be specific, fraud in organizations is usually premeditated and has to happen in the right conditions and members of the organization in authority often set these conditions. As such, identifying the root causes of fraud, which is called fraud deterrence, should be one of the priorities of corporate governance. Since fraud has been a common menace in the history of organizational management, various strategies, government regulations, and acts have been developed to prevent the occurrence of fraud (Giroux, 2013, p. 32). These procedures cover ...

Ethics are moral values which dictate character or behavior of an individual or group. It defends, recommends and systemizes the concept of doing right or wrong doings. Presently philosophers group ethical theories into metaethics, normative and applied ethics. The video demonstrates couples who faced a moral dilemma which they needed to solve together with the doctors on duty (The Daylen par. 1). The mother had given birth to premature twins. The pregnancy had been just twenty-six weeks. One of the boys had suffered hemorrhage in both brain hemispheres. He could not breathe and thus used artificial respiration. The doctors’ ...

Introduction

Scientific discoveries and advances have yielded a broad range of technological applications that can be utilized in business settings. Today, business entities can make use of technology to reach their goals more efficiently and comprehensively than any other time in history. Computers are playing a significant role in modern business transactions. Cell phones, GPS, the Internet, and other technological marvels are transforming the way business is conducted. However, these advances are creating new scenarios that come with new ethical challenges. When technology begins to infringe the rights of an individual, then it borders on becoming unethical. Today, computers and ...

Abstract

Although obliged to cover issues in their entirety, with no distortions made in the process, American media tend to misrepresent the reality, as was the case with the depiction of Muammar Gaddafi’s regime implications for the social welfare possibly for political reasons. The noble cause of saving the international image of the USA formerly allied with the late leader in the wake of the Gaddafi demonization could have been the driving force of misrepresentation of the myth related in part to ethical minorities. The knowledge of non-consequentialism and its principles, whether unconsciously or otherwise, allows readers to perceive ...

Ethical Dilemma

The story Sophie’s Choice is about life experiences of a Polish immigrant named Sophie Zawistowski living in New York. The story moves between past and present and reveals a dark secret of Sophie’s life. It is revealed that during the Holocaust, Sophie faced a daunting challenge that forced her to save the life of one of her children at the expense of the other. When the Nazi officer asks Sophie to choose one of her children or lose both of them, she is forced to make a decision and choose one of her children. Sophie had to ...

In the system of practical philosophy, ethics occupies a special place. It specifies the ethics and inspires a well-known formula of the ancient philosopher Protagoras that man is the measure of all things, justifying the idea of man as the highest value and self-worth, the sense of life and how to achieve happiness. Ethics calls to treat a man as the aim and never treat man merely as a means. Ethics is a philosophy of morals, values, and ethos. The concept of morality is often limited to the level of elementary culture of communication, so the meaning and the ...

Fearing that there could be dire implications towards the nation’s democratic ideals, many people in America have aired their criticism regarding state laws that bans felons from voting. Law professor and New York Times columnists, Janai S. Nelson, criticized the practice as ‘anti-democratic’ and discriminatory. In a New York Times article dated April 2016, Nelson stated that the running policies of felony disenfranchisement in the United States are comparable to “ the antiquated laws that excluded women, people of color and the poor from the ballot box,” which, according to Nelson, is “an anti-democratic tool with a sordid history ...

Abstract

This report analyzes the BMW’s controversial activities, which involves the production of electric Tesla cars. Although dubbed ‘green' vehicles, they pollute the environment as reported by the Company’s customers from Hong Kong, China. The paper uses a pair of theoretical concepts of Business Ethics – Kantian Ethics of Duties and Utilitarianism, which it applies to the issue at hand. In addition to that, the report compares the frameworks with the sole focus on how they relate to the BMW’s case. Lastly, it gives a few recommendations that BMW can use in handling the problem.

Introduction

This report outlines ...

I. TOPIC: Whistleblowing Since the subject-matter of the essay is whistleblowing, there is a need of clear definition of this concept within the frameworks of this paper. As a rule whistleblowing is understood by many people as an ethical concept implying spreading information of somebody’s wrongdoings among some higher-ranked officials, so that the accused person will be sanctioned of fined (Weimer, 2014). As usual, this concept is used within the context of corporate working end employed work in some private firms and corporations (Johnson, 2003). However nowadays we can see that “whistleblowing” has become a tangible part of ...

Mini Case page 147. "Is body language protected activity?"

1a) & b) The following could be the possible reasons why the three nurses were fired: The nurses had expressed their dissatisfaction with the manner in which the Heartland Hospital was being managed Yes, the right to free speech is protected by section 7 of the Wagner Act and thus, punishing these nurses merely based on expressing their views on conditions of work is against the provisions of this Act. The Hospital’s management under Barbara Young failed to listen to the nurses’ concerns about the shortage of staff aides and the quality of healthcare services rendered to residents Yes, ...

Leadership Ethical Analysis

Introduction Analysis of leadership and leadership styles of different leaders have been a common phenomenon, but in current arena, ethical leadership has gained the spotlight of professionals and researchers. Good leadership style is the one that encourages ethical behavior. Ethics are important in practicing good values at the workplace and for serving the society with maximum utility and benefits. Businesses are run with the aim of benefiting the organization that comes at the expense of the health of society often. The aim of the leader is to maximize the benefit of organizations and without having ethical characteristics, leaders maintain ...

Reflective Journal Template – Topic Reflection

Health is one of the most central parts of our lives, and it is for this reason that healthcare facilities developments have been put at the forefront worldwide to ensure that individuals get the best medical attention at an affordable fee. Additionally, how powerful a country is depends on the health status of its residents, that is, more sickness and increased deaths is equivalent to a weak country (Pugh, 2015). Provision of health services in the United States began early in the late 1920s where the state offered funds to provide medical facilities for the sick even though there ...

Business Ethics

Ethics can be defined as the code of moral values and principles that govern how an individual or a group relate to what is good or bad. It constitutes parts of a corporate culture that deal with inside principles. As to decision-making and conduct, ethics sets standards as to what is wrong or right. In addressing moral and economic legal concerns, ethical business decision making plays a vital role in balancing both corporate and social responsibilities. This essay is going to discuss the considerations and the criteria for the process of ethical decision making in business. In addition, it ...

Q.1 Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), a German philosopher, is known for his moral philosophical theories that define human behavior, moral standards or requirements and consequences of such behavior. Central to his deontological moral theories is the aspect of human reason which he argues is the source of morality and which should guide human conduct and experience. Referred as the Kantian ethics, these theories may be relevant in modern policing practices.

Kant’s Moral and Ethical Theories

Immanuel Kant developed the deontological moral theory through which he argued that the decision as to what is right or wrong, that is ethical, with reference to human actions, ...

Analysis of the Documentary Food, Inc. through the Lens of Ethical Theories and Ideas

Some may wonder whether the food choice is an ethical issue. After all, we make these choices at least three times a day and our individual decisions influence the global industry of food growth, production and processing. As Jones, Cardinal and Hayward remind us, we exist in society and are connected to other people. This is why our choices, in our case, the food choices, affect other people, and their decisions influence us as well (2006, p. 3). Various theories of ethics propose different ways of viewing the problems of food production and consumption and seek solutions in distinct ...

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Introduction The novel, ‘City of Thieves’ by David Benioff, presents an opportunity to analyze the concept of masculinity under the circumstances of war. What is significant in this literary work is that manliness emerges under extreme adversity, which is often considered as the very test of being a man. Although Benioff’s ‘City of Thieves’ is fictional, the circumstances are realistic and is based on a historical incident that happened around six decades ago in Leningrad, which is the present day St. Petersburg in Russia. Becoming a man is one of the most confusing rhetoric there is. ...

Can we identify “care ethics” with feminist ethics? What aspect of traditional ethics does “care ethics” criticize? What is the basic proposal of the advocates of this theory for improving ethics in general? Care ethics dictate the application of moral theories bound by the context of the situation prevailing at that time. This was context entailed interdependencies between those who give care and those in need of care. It was formulated in the 80’s by feminist idealist: a psychologist and philosopher. Feminist ethical theories, unlike traditional ethical theories, stress the importance of relationships in the society as key ...

Discussion Question Journal

Chapter 14: The Social Contract Tradition Problems and Prospects Is it immoral to be a free rider? Is it irrational? Does the existence of free riders raise a serious problem for contractarianism? Why or why not? Take for instance a borehole constructed in an arid region by villagers. All member are to participate in contributing cash for this purpose. The water will serve the interests of the villagers. If say one or a group of members chose not to contribute but still got to use the water once the borehole was made, they would be referred to as free ...

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Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct

Ethics is relative and may vary between individuals as based on their moral principles. In fact, there are different ethical theories that aim to justify one’s action. Examples of such are utilitarian ethics, deontological ethics, justice ethics, care ethics and many other ethical theories that reflect the moral principles of most people and are accepted by society. These theories serve as theoretical frameworks in order to guide individuals on what is ethical and what is not. Just like individuals, organizations also have their own ethical principles or moral codes and individuals who are members of such ...

Introduction

Upholding ethical principles is essential to the maintenance of peace in any community. Precisely, the nature of people’s conduct in any organization is essential to the success of the institution. As such, people can determine how ethical or unethical we are by assessing our behaviours. According to Guerrette, Ethics is the philosophical study of the principles that govern the conduct of people in society [1]. Our actions can, therefore, be said to be ethical if they are praiseworthy and unethical if they are blameable. Ethics, therefore, tries to make a distinction between what is right and wrong. This ...

A. Introduction

Toyota Motors Corporation (Toyota) is a ¥25.69 trillion (US$256.91 billion at ¥100.00:$1 exchange rate used in the 2014 annual report) automotive manufacturing enterprise (Toyota, 2014, p. 26) with four major market regions globally, namely: Japan (home), North America, Europe, Asia, and Other regions (see section C for details). Since 2010, it grew 35.57% from ¥18.95 trillion. Its return on equity has grown from 2.1% in 2010 to 13.7% in 2014, or 6.5 times. Moreover, its return on assets grew 6.7 times from 0.7% in 2010 to 4.7% in 2014. Toyota has one core product (automobiles) and core ...

1.0 Executive Summary China should consider adhering to ethical requirements in decision making in the future by taking account of the impact made to the larger society and not just their interests

Adopt effective policies that meet the concerns of the global community and not just the interests of China in the exploitation of the rare earth metals 2.0 Introduction In the current global setting, ethical consideration is taken into account to ensure that projects meet their intended goals/objectives in the most efficient way. It, therefore, means that to achieve the desired goals of projects, organizations should not have ...

Introduction

Mining activities can pose serious environmental and health implications. Although, these environmental and health hazards can be mitigated and effectively managed through sound engineering and environmental practices, these environmental and health issues associated with mining operations could not be totally eradicated. In general, there are three major players in the mining industry: the company, which include the employees and the stockholders; the regulatory bodies, which include the government and other national and international environmental organizations; and the community, which are not directly related to the mining industry, but is impacted by its operations. Each one of these stakeholders has ...

Customer Inserts name of instructor:

(28th March 2016)

Introduction

Generating profits from products made through the use of asbestos is unethical. Organizations have a responsibility to guarantee the safety of employees. Secondly, it is unethical to knowingly expose an employee to a harmful chemical. Employees have a right to a workplace environment that does not lead to safety issues. Recklessness and disregard for the safety of employees mean that corporations are only interested in profits but not the life and safety of employees. Furthermore, Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) engage in unethical practice by trying to stop victims from being compensated. My argument is ...

Ethics is the accepted code of conduct (principles of wrong or right) that control the behavior of an individual, an organization or group of a profession. It is always considered to be a factor of variation in politics, economic growth, culture and legal systems. Particular practices might be unethical when viewed by other countries' standards. Most common ethical issues are related to human rights, labor standards, and financial standards, accounting standards, environmental regulations, moral obligations, and corruption. The international business setting, through its economic and cultural diversity, time and again exposes foreign executives to significant challenges. On a short ...