Essays on Lehman Brothers

Money laundering refers to the criminal activity in which money and funds that have been obtained illegally are used to fund or support legitimate and legal activities. In the process, the illegality of the original criminally obtained money and funds is, in essence, “washed” through its use in the legal activity. A more formal definition of money laundering defines it as, “the process through which criminals, hide, disguise, and legitimize the financial proceeds of their crimes” (FATF). There are a number of benefits that money laundering provides to criminals. First, by using the money to fund legal activities, money ...

Fed fund return is the term used in the United States of America. Fed fund return is the rate of return or the interest rate at which the financial institutions especially the depository institutions like credit union and bank lend the excess of its balance, often known as reserve balance, to the other similar kind of depository institutions without having the collateral. The fund that is deposited in the Federal Reserve to maintain the reserve requirement as specified by the regulatory body is called reserve fund. Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers did not collapse in a single day. The ...

Abstract

The given case study discusses the rise and fall of Nortel Networks Corporation, which was one of the world’s largest telecommunication corporation. Nortel was a Canadian global organization that was at its peak in the early 2000s and apparently, it botched due to inefficient echelon management, inflated earnings and costs, dysfunctional directors’ board, as well as, illusion of constancy and stability. Although there were numerous possibilities that could have been adopted to prevent the fall and demise of the company; however, those roads were unfortunately not traveled. Nortel’s downfall began when it fails to live up to ...

Management Control

1. What is the CSS mission and Vision ? How can we transform the vision to outcome ? The CSS mission involves being in a position to apply both scientific alongside technological advancements with a role to create a healthy, safe and a future that is environmentally sustainable. Its vision lies in the fundamentals of the continually in fostering development, both of an innovative, economically healthy alongside a company driven by quality. Such that it is in a position to offer a rather comprehensive environmental and safety, health alongside support scientifically in its services. To achieve this vision to ...

Bankruptcy is a legal status of a person, organization, or other entity unable to return the debts to creditors. Usually, in such cases people seek Chapter 11 protection from creditors to the court. This ends up the activity of the major organization, however, subsidiaries may still work in a normal regime. When talking about bankruptcy, it is impossible to omit the history of Lehman Brothers, fourth largest US investment bank until 2008. Established in the middle of 19th century by German immigrants Henry, Emanuel, and Mayer Lehman it was indeed too big to fall (Wiggins, Piontek and Metrick, 2014). ...

PART 1:

Using the draw tools in Word, show what happened to the demand for housing by drawing the demand for housing in 2005, 2006, and 2009. This means you draw lines for the demand and supply of housing in 2005, 2006, and 2009 to the supply and demand graph and match what happens to the price in those years with what is show in the chart. Explain what caused demand to change over this period.

The graph below shows the demand of housing in 2005, 2006 and 2009 and how the price fluctuates. The demand for houses rose rapidly during ...

The film Too Big To Fail (2011) tells a story of the events that took place in 2008 in the financial industry in the USA when several largest financial service companies including Lehman Brothers faced bankruptcy due to the subprime mortgage crisis that hit the USA. Lehman Brothers was the fourth largest bank in the USA and it was surprising to see that the Federal Reserve did not help this bank to survive by offering extensive financial support. Instead the Federal Reserve wanted to make the other largest banks like Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, etc. to purchase Lehman Brothers ...

Introduction

Money plays a vital role in the determination of income and employment . interest rate are a significant determinant of aggregate spending ad the Federal Reserve which controls the money growth and the interest rates is the first institution to be blamed when the economy of in trouble. Now the question arises what is money.

Money Definition

Money is a medium of exchange. Money is divided into commodity money and token money. To some economist there is difference between commodity money and token money. A commodity money is a medium of exchange which has a commodity value as distinct from a value ...

Introduction

The year 2007-08 brought nightmares for the US economy and its participants because least anyone had expected that the world’s biggest economy will cripple and face the worst ever recession after the Great Depression of 1929-1930. While Wall Street lost more than trillion dollars in value, thousands of Americans were left unemployed and the businesses, even the one who had more than 100 years of their presence in the United States, were filing for bankruptcy. On the other hand, Federal Reserve Bank, which once cited economic bubble as the natural event that cannot be prevented( courtesy the ideology ...

Introduction

For many years, financial crises have been pervasive. According to Collardi (2012), the frequency of occurrence of financial crises in the recent decades has doubled the occurrence during the Bretton Woods Period and the Gold Standard Era. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the 2007-2008 financial crisis came as a great surprise to many individuals. Initially, the crisis was seen as difficulties that were being experienced in the United States subprime mortgage market. This, however, spilled rapidly to the financial markets before spilling over to the real economy. This paper discusses the causes of the financial crisis and the measures that ...

Introduction

The corporate governance is the mechanisms that involve the rules, processes and the practices to which an organization is directed and controlled. Therefore, it is a process of balancing the interests of many stakeholders in an organization, which mainly includes the customers, financers, management, suppliers and the community. It provides the foundation and framework for achieving the company goals and objectives, and it looks at every part of the management including their actions, performance measure and corporate disclosure. It is a field in economics that investigates on how to motivate and secure the efficient administration of the corporations by ...

The shadow banking system, also referred to as the shadow financial system, has been informally described as the unregulated financial activities conducted by regulated institutions. They refer to the financial intermediaries, which are involved in the facilitation of the creation of credit across the global financial system. The members of the shadow banking systems are not subject to regulatory oversight. It also refers to the network of financial institutions, which are comprised of non-depository banks, for example structured investment vehicle, investment banks, hedge funds, conduits, money market funds, and non-bank financial institutions (Batchvarov, 2013, p. 348). Shadow banking institutions ...

The financial crisis of 2008 had one of the most devastating impacts on the world economies. The American economy may have been the source of the crisis but the impacts affected almost every country in the world. There are several global implications that resulted from the crisis. This includes the developed economies in Europe and the developing economies in the rest of the world such as Latin America and Africa. The global impacts can be divided into two; the consequences of the crisis on developing nations and on developed nations.

The developing world suffered a great deal during the financial ...

When Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy in 2008, the move precipitated a domino-like effect throughout the financial world. The mammoth financial services firm was, in essence, making high-risk credit decisions by violating one of the most basic banking credos: do not borrow short-term and lend out cash long-term (Wolff, 2011, internet). Decisions based on this philosophy became the norm of corporate culture at Lehman Brothers, a firm where top executives can be held as highly culpable in its ultimate demise. Lehman Brothers' executives, such as CEO Richard S. Fuld, compensated themselves enormously even as the firm began to sink. For example, ...

Macroeconomics 2301

18.04.2014

HCC

Spring 2014 8 week course The world’s economy has faced several periods of crisis during the last twenty years. The financial crisis in 2008 is the one that is most recent. It emerged in the United States and then spread to Europe, later affecting the rest of the world. The most problematic sector in the US was the mortgage sector, and was one of the main causes leading to the financial crisis. The house prices have been rising from 1998 to 2006, prompting home builders to construct more new houses every year, but these injections ...

Thesis

The global financial crisis was a period during which downturns were experienced in the stock markets, economic activities as well as losses in the housing market all over the world. During this period, banks had to be bailed out by national governments and consumer wealth declined significantly. The result was a major recession between 2008 and 2009 . This paper looks at the global financial crisis in the world, its effect in the US and measures taken by the US to manage it. This financial crisis was experienced in the world in the late 2000’s and the US was hit ...

Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. was ranked as the fourth largest bank in the US before it declared bankruptcy in 2008. The company was dealing in investment banking, equity and fixed income-income sales and trading, research, investment management, private equity, and private banking. A significant number of clients withdrew their accounts from Lehman Brothers and the share price of the stocks fell at an exponential rate. Consequently, on September 15, 2008 the company filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11. Lehman Brothers played a major role in the recession of the late 2000’s which drastically affected the entire country. The company ...

It may be a mere co-incidence or accidental turn of events that the theme, concept, content, genre and approach of two generically different kinds of books can have so much of close association. In order to appreciate this feature, an analytical study of the following two books was made.

1: Technical Book:

- Description: A supplement for undergraduate and Graduate Investments Courses. - Publisher: Prentice Hall, 5th Edition (January 8, 2013) - Language: English - Paperback: 160 Pages 2. Non-fiction Book - Publisher: W.W. Norton & Company - Contents: 213 pages - Language: English 3. Article ...

Letter of Transmittal

Designation, Department Name Dear Professor Name, I hereby submit a report requested on ‘’Major Reasons for Financial Crisis of 2008’’. In order to provide an authentic and resourceful report, I have referred to some of the best academic and research resources.

Regards,

Introduction: It has been 6 years now since the news of bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers shook the global financial world. The intensification of the global financial crisis following bankruptcy and dis-solvency of leading investment banks, corporations, commercial banks, etc. had made the economic and financial environment very tough for the world economy. By early 2009, whole ...

If the choice is between renegotiation and termination, Missan should renegotiate rather than terminate the contract. Unilateral termination may not be available to the company because of the weak grounds for its justification. It can, additionally, expose the Company to risk for potential wrongful termination, which can result to liability. On the other hand, a renegotiation can give Missan an opportunity to set new terms that are more favourable to it, taking into account the present circumstances.

Repudiatory Breach as Justification for Termination

Missan can only terminate the contract with Depeche if such termination can be justified, otherwise it may be exposed to liability for wrongful ...

Financial Crisis in U.S.

Summary of the Financial Crisis in U.S

The financial crisis in the United States was one of the historical financial meltdown in the world history. We all know how the ups and down frequently occur in this area, but a downfall like this affected the whole country. It all started in 2007, August. A few events in the past were a trigger to such an event. A noticeable event in 2001 occurred when the U.S faced a brief period of recession in the country, although the effects of it were covered up without much deep loss but a fear of such an uncertainty gained a place in ...

Financial Crisis in U.S.

Summary of the Financial Crisis in U.S

The financial crisis in the United States was one of the historical financial meltdown in the world’s history. We all know how the ups and down frequently occur in this area, but a downfall like this affected the whole country. It all started in 2007, August. A few events in the past were a trigger to such an event. A noticeable event in 2001 occurred when the U.S faced a brief period of recession in the country, although the effects of it were covered up without much deep loss but a fear of such an uncertainty gained a place ...

Introduction

Every Professional accountant has the responsibility of taking into account the interests of the public while also maintaining the reputation of the accounting profession. It is important that self-interest does not prevail over one’s duties as a professional accountant. Acting in the public encompasses having regard to the genuine interests of the clients, government, financial intermediaries, staffs, investors, as well as the business and financial community and all others who rely highly on the impartiality, fairness and truthfulness of the accounting profession for supporting their propriety and methodical functioning of commerce. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate ...

Introduction

Credit Suisse is embroiled in a conspiracy to help a number of US clients evade their duty of paying taxes. This is a multinational bank whose headquarters are in Switzerland. Information that has been circulated by daily newspapers all over the Unites States is to the effect that three of the bank’s employees are guilty of conspiring to defraud the United States authorities. The same was done by evading paying tax and also helping some American citizens to hide their assets offshore so that they do not pay tax (Scannel & Foley, 2014). This is a criminal offence in the United States of ...

The economic meltdown in the US was, as a result, of the housing bubble burst that brought about a massive economic recession in the US. The film, Inside the Melt Down, depicts a series of large American corporations going bankrupt and their shares dropping down drastically due to the economic recession. For example, Bear Stearns is a one of the multinational investment company that took an economic downturn in that its shares dropped from $171 to only $57 in a single day. Given that the media aired out their concerns regarding the economic drift of the corporation, most investors withdrew from Bear Stearns. Despite ...

Why Isn’t Corporate Crime a Crime in the U.S.? Corporate crime can be defined as crimes committed either by business firm or a corporation. It can also be described as crime committed by individual that may identified with a corporation or other business entity. A corporate crime is therefore an act of its personnel and need not be authorized or ratified by its officials (Jennifer, 1994). However, the crime is defined as so if the official were exercising customary powers on behalf of the cooperation and not their own accord. This means that therefore, the crime of the corporation involves ...

Corporate fraud is a serious offense that can have huge ramifications on society, clients and the business or organization itself. There have been famous cases of corporate scam that resulted in gigantic financial losses for firms, loss of their reputation and costly legal battles. Famous ethical scandals include: Enron, Arthur Andersen, Lehman Brothers, AIG, Barings Bank, etc. Lehman Brothers was involved in a scandalous ethical scheme and was bound to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy after its loan extension request was denied. The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers was a shock to the economy and financial markets in the US. It was the ...

Introduction

Situated between the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, Iceland is one of the Nordic countries falling into the European continent. The population of the country is 321,000 and the total area of the country is 40,000 sq. mile. Iceland is the least densely populated country in Europe. The capital city of Iceland is Reykjavik which is also the north most capital city in the world. In 2008 when a global financial meltdown started in US after the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, Icelandic economy was hurt badly by the crisis. This resulted in the whole banking sector of Iceland ...

Overview of the Company

In 1844, Henry Lehman, a German immigrant resettled in the United States of America. The 23-year old immigrant decided to make Montgomery, Alabama his home where he ended up opening a general store that was then referred to as “H. Lehman.” Three years later, in 1847, Henry was joined by his younger brother, Emanuel Lehman, and henceforth the store changed its name to “H. Lehman and Bro.” The youngest of the Lehman Brothers, Mayer Lehman, joined his two elder siblings in 1850 and together the three Brothers founded what was until 2008 referred to as the Lehman Brothers (LEH). From its ...

Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy

One of the most talked about signs, and for some experts the root cause, of the global recession that plagued in 2008 is the September 2008 bankruptcy petition of known financial giant Lehman Brothers. The known global firm had ended up succumbing to tantamount debt due to the ongoing subprime mortgage transpiring in the period which resulted to severe mortgage complications and foreclosures, especially in the real estate sector The bankruptcy petition was considered a crucial blow to the financial industry given the Dow Jones drop to the all time low and subsequent depreciation prevailed throughout the globe. Many experts ...

Question 1 - What is a sub-prime mortgage?

The consumer financial protection bureau defines sub prime mortgage as “A subprime mortgage is generally a loan that is meant to be offered to prospective borrowers with impaired credit records.” A subprime mortgage is a kind of mortgage granted to borrowers with impaired or zero credit history. A prime or conventional mortgage is not offered to such borrowers as they have greater risk of defaulting. These loans are also called interest only loans and do not require any principle payments for initial few years, number of which is settled among the borrower and lender The interest charged on such ...

- Who received the economics Nobel Prize in 2011? Thomas Sargent of New York University and Christopher Sims of Princeton University were the scientists who were awarded the Nobel peace prize for economics in October 2011. - What replaced the old paradigm? A new theory referred to as “rational expectation” was developed to replace the old paradigm. The new theory would enable scientist predict future policy changes. - Using Sims "techniques”, what influences current GDP? The GDP using these techniques is influenced by what happens to the GDP. This includes employment, inflation and the ...

HONEST AND INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

The first decade of the 21st century was marred with financial scandals. These scandals led to a worldwide financial crisis and the collapse of some economies. The events brought into focus the importance of the external auditors and their independence. After all, it is upon auditors’ recommendations that financial decisions are made. As can be seen in recent economic events, the recommendations of the external auditors would have profound impact not only on investors or stockholders but also on entire economies. The importance of auditor independence cannot be underestimated. Unfortunately, it is being brought to light precisely because of its ...

Q1. This simplest explanation for this is that when the economy failed, Bear Sterns spiked the mortgage of people’s houses, which gave the company a negative name and thus led to investors ceasing loans to the firm. In more complex terms, Bear Sterns tied itself up in numerous derivatives dealings that involved subprime-based investments. Other banks caught on to the amount of “toxic waste”, i.e. The subprime-based investments that the firm held and they stopped making short term loans that Bear Sterns desperately needed to remain liquid. As a result, Bear Sterns was forced to start selling off ...

Throughout history, financial crises and economic recessions have taken place in different parts of the world. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America emerged as a force to reckon with in the global market. The emergence of the United States of America as a financial power house is attributed to the liberalization of the markets and the focus on the development of the IT and communication sector. Given the pivotal role of financial epicenters in global financial markets, a crisis in any of the financial epicenters can have devastating effects. In 2008-2009, there was a financial crisis that ...

Economic Crisis

The economic crisis started in 2007 in the U.S. with the default of Lehman Brothers. It is difficult to indicate a unique cause that brought the entire globe to one of the deepest recession of the last century, but one of the main causes is the credit crunch that followed the explosion of the so called “subprime bubble”.

In particular, several banks faced major drops due to the several subprime products present in their assets. Because those contracts could not be paid anymore by the debtors, several banks had to declare bankruptcy. The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers was the most ...

Abstract

Ethics is one of the most important aspects in accounting yet most often it is misunderstood and misinterpreted in different organizations in an effort to suite their disclosure grounds. Many researchers have blamed various aspects to this trend. For example, some researchers have turned to the learning institutions as a blame for producing half-baked students who fail to meet fundamental entry to the employment industry. For this reason, the employers are forced to enroll these candidates into other classes in an effort to equip them for the workplace environment. However, since the organizations do not have all the time to ...

The current economic crisis has been unanimously and officially declared the worst since the great depression period of the 1930s by Wall Street, media, economists, other scholars and the government. This financial crisis has busted several highly reputed financial institutions of America, like Lehman brothers, Washington mutual fund, AIG and Merrill lynch. Some of the financial institutions have declared their bankruptcy while others are comforted by the federal government and received heavy bail out packages. The story of other sectors like manufacturing, retail, consumer goods and automobile is not much different and they are also facing the heat. If ...

In the wake of the financial crisis, the Securities and Exchange Commission took a beating for appearing to sit idly by while the likes of Lehman Brothers and Bernard L. Madoff ran amok. Government regulators on the Wall Street beat have long been outnumbered and outspent by the companies they are supposed to police. Even after receiving budget increases from Congress in April 2011, the Securities and Exchange Commission is struggling to fill crucial jobs, enforce new rules, upgrade market surveillance technology and pay for travel. The money squeeze comes as the regulators take on added responsibilities including ...

On the brink: Inside the race to stop the collapse of the global financial system is an account of the events that took place prior to and during the global financial crisis and the federal governments’ efforts to save some of the major banks in the united states. It zips through Paulson’s career (with a political stint as an aide in the Nixon White House) and then concentrates on his extraordinary 30 months in treasury. When Hank Paulson (the then chairman and Chief Executive Officer at Goldman Sachs) joined the Bush administration as the treasury secretary of state July ...