Financial College Essays Samples For Students

Global Financial Crisis in the US

Introduction
It was hard for the economists, professional analysts and policymakers among other players in the financial industry to foresee the crisis in the US mortgage lending industry in 2007 that resulted in the world's worst economic recession in two years' time (Sher and Iyanatul 2010). Initially, there was a housing bubble characterized by high house prices, low-interest rates, more support for subprime mortgage and increased speculation by the buyers (Acharya and Schnabl 2010). Eventually, there were decline of house market prices, increased lending rates and increased default and foreclosures by the mortgagors (John 2009). Notably, by mid-2008 the ...

The demand for the financial specialists is at its peak than ever with the Bureau of Business Statistics projecting an 8% growth from 2014 to 2024. Reflecting on this statistics, more than 632400 new jobs in finance field shall be open within the same period. The high demand follows the increased regulatory frameworks in the business world accommodating companies to demand more financial specialists. In matching the world corporate demand for financial professionals, the finance graduates are faced with numerous financial careers that offer job opportunities to exercise their financial skills. This paper seeks to explore the careers in ...

Introduction

The financial crisis of 2007/9 was the worst in the U.S. since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was the cause of the failure of some of the biggest financial institutions including Washington Mutual which was closed in 2008, and its assets transferred to JP Morgan. In 2008, the crisis reached its peak with loans dropping dramatically to the lowest levels to be witnessed in a half a century. For example, new loans to large borrowers fell by 47 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 as compared to the previous quarter and by 79 percent relative to ...

Executive Summary

The report comprises of two main tasks that are financial ratio analysis and distress analysis to determine and evaluate the financial performance of HSBC. The case study is prepared to analyze the financial conditions of HSBC. HSBC Bank Plc. is one of the largest financial services providers in the world. HSBC operates in Finance and Insurance industry that is highly competitive in the global market. The decline in values of current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio reveals that the company did not succeed in maintaining stability in its financial position, but the decrease of 0.02 and 0.01 is ...

Introduction

Shanghai and Hong Kong have become important in the global financial sector. Modern banking and finance started in HK and Shanghai in 1845 and 1847 respectively when the first British bank was opened, the Oriental Banking Corporation. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, a multinational Holdings was founded in 1864 with its Head office in Hong Kong. Other foreign and local banks from Britain, Europe, America and Japan were subsequently opened. The modern Commercial Bank of China was formed in 1897 with its head office in Shanghai. The first stock exchange was established in Hong Kong in 1891 ...

Q1. Accounting standards play a significant role in the financial statements preparation process. The main international standard-setting organization is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) headquartered in London. It issues International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which are used in more than 115 countries and is gaining acceptance in other states as well. These standards are also used on most foreign exchanges. Moreover, the IASB also issues framework for financial reporting and international financial reporting interpretations. Besides, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) also plays a significant role in the international standard-setting process. It doesn’t develop accounting standards, ...

Broader set of Information to be Included in Traditional Financial Reporting

The Main Criticisms of Traditional Financial Reporting
The very first criticism on traditional financial reporting is that the use of diverse accounting policies among different companies jeopardises the performance comparison between financial statements. In other words, traditional financial reporting causes businesses to use multiple accounting policies due to which accurate financial comparison becomes difficult.
Another argument against traditional financial reporting is that despite performing independent examination of financial records and statements through internal and external audit, the financial records and statements may still contain material misstatements . There is a possibility that some material errors may go undetected during financial ...

Essay Question: How different investor types impacts Market Efficiency

Individual investors
When individuals talk regarding marketing efficiency, they simply refer to the degree to which the aggregate decisions of all participants in financial markets are accurately reflecting the value of companies and their shares at any given time (Allen and Gale, 2000, pp. 236-255). Therefore, it requires the determination of the intrinsic value of the company while providing a constant update to valuations because new information is becoming familiar. Consequently, the more a financial market becomes accurate, it will be able to price securities and the more efficient it is said to be. Thus the principle of the ...

The role of the auditor including legal and professional requirements, its importance, benefits and limitations

The Role of an Auditor
An auditor is a professional who has an authority to independently examine, verify and confirm the accuracy as well as fairness of financial records of a business entity. The role of auditors can be classified as internal and external auditing activity. Internal auditors are those accounting experts who examine the accuracy and reliability of financial statements of their own employer. In contrast, external auditors are independent auditing/accounting entities who pass their professional judgment and form an opinion concerning the fairness of financial statements .
Under the Companies Act, the role of an auditor is to ...

Background

Today, the financial industry is more regulated than any other time in the history of economic globalization. However, the lack of fundamental professional behavior, ethics, and compliance raises the important question whether the current financial sector in Australia is destined for an endemic future. The persistent fraud cases in the Australian financial industry paints an impression that behaviors are yet to change even after experiencing the global financial predicament that emanated from the US. The recent ANZ suspected interbank interest rate rigging, CBA’s CommInsure denial of compensation to legitimate claims from terminally ill patients, and the Macquarie Group ...

Chapter 1: Introduction 3

Chapter 2: Financial Performance and Position of TESCO 6
Chapter 3 Financial Management Policy 14
Chapter 4 Investment Strategy 18
Chapter 5 Valuation of TESCO 22
Chapter 6 Conclusion 26
Abstract
The present report provides critical analysis of financial positioning of Tesco Plc. For this, the financial data has been gathered for past five years as well as its competitors to critically assess financial positioning of Tesco in the retail industry. The reports highlight the recent issues of Bretix which has significantly impacted economic conditions of the United Kingdom leading to declining the consumer confidence because of triggering inflation. ...

Every organization is established with a certain purpose. Every organization has its own purpose and the objectives of the firm differ from one another. Regardless of this difference in the objective and purpose of the existence of the business organization, they all have a common in them. All of the organizations involve themselves in some money related transaction. They purchase some goods, sell some other things, pay salary, performs some investments and does several other financial related tasks. The business must analyze its financial position at a certain period so that it can make certain decisions. To simplify this ...

Market discipline has evolved from the real need to address the financial concerns that brought on the last few financial crises. The international economy is tied deeply to the financial sector, and international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have been tasked with providing ease of liquidity throughout the world, while also helping to protect the flow of capital across borders to facilitate trade. These financial institutions are remarkably limited to what they can do because they hold little sovereignty over the independent nation-states that compose them; only the World Bank is effective when ...

Abstract 3

Auditors’ Responsibilities and Potential Liabilities 4
Types of Audit Reports and Underlying Reasons for Their Issuance 5
Unqualified Opinion 6
Qualified Opinion Report 7
Adverse Opinion Report 7
Disclaimer of Opinion Report 8

References 9

Abstract
This research paper is dedicated to make an important discussion about the different types of reports issued by an external auditor to form an opinion or judgment about the reliability and accuracy of the financial records and statements of the audit client. Generally, auditors issue four types of auditor reports depending on specific situations. Also, different responsibilities of an external auditor are also highlighted while ...

Abstract

The narrative report is prepared to provide a clear understanding of the prudence concept and historical information attributed to this concept. The prudence concept was applied in 1989 that was not included in the external references of 2010. The IASB observed that the concept was missing or ignored, so they provided an amended definition of the prudence in accounting. The significance of the inclusion of this concept is necessary to provide a clear and complete view of the financial position of users. The prudence concept is related to neutrality and conservatism, so it is badly affected by the adverse ...

Response to an Audit Report Inquiry

Dear Dominique,
I am writing this email in response to your request for clarification and explanation on the different types of audit reports. Generally, audit reports give an appraisal of a company or business’s financial performance and status during a specified period of time. These reports are usually completed by an independent accounting professional (internal or external), and cover the company’s assets and liabilities. Audit reports represent the auditor’s assessment of the company’s financial position and future status. In many countries, audit reports are required by law if the company is publicly traded or operates ...

Identify different users of accounting information and discuss the varying information needs of these users.

Users of accounting information are both - internal & external to the company in question. Internal users are the primary users of accounting information. They are company managers, employees and proprietors. Managers make use of the accounting information for analysis purpose regarding the company’s output and ranking so that suitable measures could be taken for bettering company performance. Next-in-line internal stakeholders are company employees. Their information needs are different from that of company managers. They use company information for measuring the earnings made by the company and deriving results thereof for relating with their future income and job safety; ...

Impact of the Internet on Delivery of Financial Services in Canada

Impact of the Internet on Delivery of Financial Services in Canada

Introduction

As the business world these days is highly driven by globalization pressures and increased focus on integration of global marketplaces, the rise of technology has changed the manner in which businesses carry out their activities. Specifically, such a technological revolution could be easily noticed in the finance industry of every economy or country. With an introduction of technological advancement, the nature of finance industry, particularly in Canada, has changed from holding of tangible securities to the intangible assets.
People in Canada used to carry stock and bond certificates ...

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Accounting Standard Setting under the Australian Conceptual Framework and Application in Business Practices

Introduction
A conceptual framework establishes the concepts and provides the guidelines that underlie financial reporting. As a coherent system of notions that flow from an objective, which in turn serve to identify the purpose of financial reporting, a conceptual framework also provides guidance on the identification of the boundaries of financial reporting. Its concepts further provide guidance on the selection of transactions, related events, and circumstances to be presented, and how such elements should be summarized and ultimately reported (Financial Accounting Standards Board [FASB], 2008). One such conceptual ...

It is essential to harmonize and standardize reporting of financial issues in the world of business. Different organizations use different standards in their data reporting. In most organizations, data are transferred through the databases of the company. One of the most commonly used standards is the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). It is one of the most globally accepted standards. This paper is set to research the adoption and use of XBRL standards. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the standard are discussed.
The various companies consume different data standards in an attempt to swap, share, and deliver data. ...

Business

Question 1
In this case, the first loan agreement was between Agile Corporation and Hi Finance Company. The collateral attached to the loan protects the interest of the lender (HFC) such that if the borrower defaults, the lender can use the collateral against the amount borrowed. When a party enters into such transaction and a valid agreement is made, the transaction is secured. HFC, being the first lender, is referred to as the senior lender and has priority over the collateral. Metro Bank is the second lender hence the loan is junior to that of HFC. The interest of ...

(Financial and SWOT analysis and Recommendation to Identified Problems)

Background

The Walt Disney Company is an American diversified firm which focuses its business in mass media where it offers licensing services for the populace to consume their products among other services. Walt Disney headquarter is at Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. The firm was founded on October 16th, 1923 by Walt Disney and Roy O Walt Disney in Los Angeles, California. In its most recent full year financial statements, 2015 financial statement, the firm posted a net income of US$8.38 billion, operating income of US$14.68 billion and ...

Introduction.

The prudence concept has been an area of controversy, especially in accounting standards as there have been conflicting ideas on its relevancy and its desirability as a useful tool in the field of financial reporting. There has been a need to develop the prudence concept to suit financial reporting needs both in the contemporary context and in the future. A conceptual framework that incorporates the use of accounting practices that ensure consistency, coherence, acts as a guide to financial reporting and is easily understood by users is what is required for financial statement users.

Issue of prudence.

Over the years, there has ...

Question 1

Within an organisation, accounting plays an active role to ensure that all business transactions of monetary value are classified, recorded, measured, summarised and reported in an accurate manner by adhering strictly to basic reporting rules such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or US GAAP. Accounting rules make sure that financial statements are prepared and reported accurately by complying strictly with all reporting principles. Additionally, accounting steps confirm that all financial information is included in reporting mechanism while financial statements contain no error or any material misstatement having huge financial consequences.
When the industry follows one accounting mechanism, it ...

Introduction

In 2008, the entire world was rocked by the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. The crisis first affected the entire financial system of the United States before then quickly spread globally. The casualties of the crisis included the whole investment banking industry of the US. Other casualties were the US largest insurance company, largest mortgage lender, among other firms in the financial services sector. The US auto industry was severely hit leading to loss of jobs. The US unemployment rate increased by 4.9% points from the third quarter of 2007 to the third quarter of 2009. The ...

Business Plan

Executive Summary 3
1.0 Introduction 4
2.0 Operations plan 5
2.1 Location and facilities 5
2.2 Business processes 6
2.3 Distribution and outsourcing 9
3.0 Organizational plan 10
3.1 Management 11
3.2 Mission 12
3.3 Purpose 13
3.4 Vision 13
3.5 Legal structure 13
3.6 Organizational chart 14
4.0 Marketing plan 16
4.1 Price 16
4.2 Product 17
4.3 Place 19
4.4 Promotion 20
5.0 Financial plan 21
6.0 Growth plan 22
7.0 Contingency and harvest strategy 23
8.0 Timeline to launch the plan 25
9.0 References 28
10.0 Appendices 29

Executive summary

Don’t we all enjoy the experience of ...

Financial reports are an essential component of any organization. The reports need to be accurate and easily accessible. In the past, the reports were produced in the form of Microsoft Word or Excel. This could not be easily accessed by the stakeholders due to their inability to be accessed on different devices without appropriate software. Such inflexibility, as well as inaccessibility, necessitated the introduction of a standards-based format for financial reporting. The eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) provided the needed flexibility in reporting of financial information. The focus of the paper is to examine the use and adoption of ...

IFRS and US GAAP: Similarities and Differences (Financial Assets)

IFRS and US GAAP: Similarities and Differences (Financial Assets)

Introduction

The US GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) is a set of accounting standards followed in the United States. With the emergence of internationalization, cross border flow of capital, people, cultures, and ideas became very common and the situation in turn contributed to the rapid growth of multinational corporations. Since different countries followed different accounting standards earlier, it was very difficult for MNCs to record their financial/accounting transactions in a unified manner. It persuaded regulators and businesses worldwide to think of a globally recognizable accounting standard leading to the development of ...

The role and regulation of Mauritius financial institutions

Mauritius is the largest island in the world. It is one of Africa’s economy that is stable, competitive and success. The state of the economy has enabled the country to be both vibrant and thriving in sectors such as the export sector, offshore financial sector, and manufacturing. The success has allowed the country to attain a Gross Domestic Product of $11.9b. Also, its convenient position has enabled it to be an established international financial center with easy access to Asia, Europe Middle East and South Africa enabling active investment. The report aims to understand the roles and regulation ...

International Financial Markets: Impact of the global financial recession on our lives

Introduction
The financial crisis of 2008 through affecting economies sent important impact on the lives of the public. In result of the crisis, many people had to face layoff and higher living costs. The purchasing power of people decreased. However, the inflation increased, people had to make more efforts and spend more times to keep their household going (Hossain et al. 24). Greater uncertainty contributed to the level of stress and per person workload increased in offices and responsibilities at home increased as well because the downturn resulted in new patterns that contributed to job losses and increased prices ( ...

The economic uncertainty, the increasing regulatory pressure from the government and other entities as well as the rising competition leads to the escalation of merger and acquisition in the health care industry. In recent years, the health care industry has been affected by new federal and state laws that aims to improve health care services. While new health care policies and regulations has become beneficial to patients, it has caused a great economic strain, especially among smaller health care entities. This leads to the decision among many hospitals and health care institutions to align with other health care system. ...

IAS37: CURRENT ISSUES IN FINANCIAL REPORTING

IAS37: Current Issues in Financial Reporting
Introduction
Since the publication of IAS 37, it provides explicit directions for companies to recognize provision, contingent liability and contingent assets. IAS 37 undermines the traditional accounting concepts of prudence hence leading to considerable volatility in companies earning reports. The IAS 37 helps in disclosing the transaction incurred in an organization that is associated with liabilities. In the IAS 37 standard, the word “probable” has been adversely used and hence providing options of creative accounting essential for companies to recognize its provision on balance sheet. Before the amendment of current IAS 37, the ...

Suggest the key financial drivers that most likely will cause health care organizations to merge. Provide support for your rationale.
There are several key financial drivers that are more than likely going to cause health care organizations to merge. The first key financial driver is the challenges in the access to the capital. When the organizations do not have the investments that they want but they do have the potential for long-term grow they are going to face some challenges like the access to capital. This means that they might be taken over by the bigger firms. Healthcare has ...

Discussion 2 - Analysis of Bank of America

Introduction
Listed as one of the largest companies in the world and in the United States, the Bank of America remains to be one of the largest multinational financial and banking services corporation in the world. In 2008 Bank of America acquired Merrill Lynch, it the biggest international wealth management institution.
The company operates in an inherently oligopolistic market, with Citibank, Wells Gargo and JP Morgam Chance being its major competitors. American and global financial industries are typical examples of oligopolies, yet, the company manages to compete with its core rivals with remarkable effectiveness. Having declared  US$15.89 billion ...

REFLECTION PAPER

Reflection Paper
Introduction
I am a student of global financial management studies at the Regents Business School in London. I actually believe this school is the best choice for training and all other finance-related disciplines. My objective is to work in the financial markets after graduating from university. Some of the areas that I want to focus on include wealth management, private equity, private banking, and the hedge funds. In other words, I am focused on developing a career in the investment banking concentrating on the high net worth individuals across the world. To gain the core competencies required ...

Recently, China has recorded a remarkable growth in its economy of nearly 10% per year. The bulk of this growth comes from the banking sector characterized by poor asset quality, low capitalization, and massive state intervention. For this reason, the government introduced sweeping changes to the financial sector to boost its stability. These changes included transforming the banking sector from a policy-driven, state-owned, non-performing system to a profit-driven, multi-ownership, competitive system. Although the sector has recorded marked improvements in its operation and efficiency, additional efforts is needed to deal with problems revolving around non-performing loans and shadow banking. The ...

Essay one (China’s financial system)

Introduction and Thesis Statement
The restoration of an economy from a depression requires a careful adoption of strategies. Various measures that governments use to promote the growth of key sectors as wells the entire economy have severe outcomes which must be considered before they are put in practice. Fundamentally, governments implement different fiscal and monetary strategies to solve economic problems, which may be successful or not. Thus, the analysis of the strategy to be deployed becomes essential to achieve the desired objectives. The financial sector in an economy is of central importance. As such, public policies that impact on ...

Introduction 3

Comparative Financial Performance Analysis of Pepsi and Coca Cola for the Last Two Years (2014 and 2015) through Ratios and their Interpretations 3
Analysis of Profitability Ratios 4
Gross Profit MarginW 4
Net Profit margin 5
Return on Assets 6
Analysis of Solvency Ratios 7
Current Ratio 8
Quick Ratio 9
Analysis of Capital Structure Ratios 10
Debt-to-Equity Ratio 11
Interest Coverage Ratio 12
Examination of Efficiency Ratios 14
Days Sales are Outstanding 14
Days in Inventory 15
Payables Period 16
Findings and Recommendations 17

References 20

Comparative Financial Performance Analysis of Pepsi and Coca Cola
Introduction
Because of their global ...

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is one of the independent financial regulator institutions in the United States- created by Dodd Frank Act. CFPB operates within banks, mortgage offering firms and even securities firm within the US. This financial protection body was established to restore peace and trust within the financial institution and their customers.

CFPB has a number of goals and missions which are as follows:

The bureau has the obligation to make financial markets work best for consumers. This Act makes sure that consumers are not exploited of their rights. It is also worth noting that, the bureau puts some checks and balances in all the financial undertakings within ...

The global financial crisis affected brought down the financial system of the world. It is worth noting that the financial crisis affected various countries in the world. There are various components that led to 2008 financial crisis. The factors offer in-depth information of what happened in the financial systems. The banks played a critical role during the financial crisis. The banks created too much money in the economy and made loans (Claessens 63). The level of debt in the economy doubled, which exerted much pressure in the economy. Also, housing bubble led to financial crisis. The money policies were ...

The term global finance describes the existence of a financial system that comprises of regulators and institutions that perform various financial transactions on an international front. By definition, the term does not constitute institutions and regulators that act on local and regional capacities. Instead, its primary components include huge financial institutions such as the IMF and a series of national agencies and federal departments. These agencies and departments include finance ministries, federal banks, and multinational private financial organizations.
Contrarily, banking refers to the corporate activity of receiving and protecting private money as well as offering financial credit to earn ...

CAFR Brief

In government spending, each stakeholder needs to be accountable for any financial transactions undertaken. There are departments entrusted with the role of spearheading the government spending to ensure equity and trustworthy in government money spending. The CAFR brief below summarizes the Richland county government spending presented in terms of annual financial statements. This financial statement includes statement of financial position, statement of comprehensive income and statement of cash flow. However, the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position shows is the yardstick to which the accountability is ensured. Undeniably, when government money is spent with regard to ...

Budget Development Project

The great depression in 1929 led to the emergence of organization some of which are meant to make profits while other run as non-profits (Penner, 2013). Indeed, these organizations are required to budget for their expenses in light of their operations. A budget refers to the overall estimation of how an organization, institution, individual or government aims to spend the resources for a specific period. These resources may include money, inventory, labour among other factors of production . Normally, top-level managers including CEOs do the formulation of a budget. However, there can be involvement of subordinate staff in decision-making. In ...

Definition of the microcredit

Microcredit is the main tool of the microfinance concept, which is considered to be invented by the Professor Mohammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. As it is stated on the Crammen Bank web page, a microcredit is a program of small loans, offered to the poorest people so that they could generate income through self-employment projects (Grameen Bank, 2012). Microcredit can be also defined as a small loan to poorer households or small entrepreneurs, that lack steady employment and a verifiable credit history. In most cases microcredit does not require any collateral, as its target audience ...

The emergence of digital currencies and their rapid expansion into international financial markets and the lives of common people has been nothing but a substantial shake-up for the global financial sector. These digital or virtual currencies, often known as cryptocurrencies, employ cryptography to secure and authenticate transactions, as well as to administer the creation of new units. Today, both youngsters and older people know the Bitcoin benefits and Ethereum features: they are decentralized and operate on a peer-to-peer network, giving users more independence and near-absolute anonymity.

In recent years, digital currencies have grown in popularity, and their use has spread beyond ...

Introduction

The primary purpose of using specific financial reporting frameworks is to ensure validity, uniformity, consistency and reliability of the financial reports. The IFRS and the US GAAP are two financial reporting frameworks that have some differences. The IFRS are often reliant on principles while the GAAP framework is founded on rules. The application of IFRS exceeds 110 states world over while the GAAP framework is mainly in the US and other few countries such as Japan. The US Securities Exchange Commission is, however, working on a way to adopt the IFRS like other nations. The two financial reporting frameworks ...

Personal Growth Assessment

Introduction
In various stages of my life, I have learned that growing up and embracing the challenges that come along is a prerequisite for anyone who desires a successful life. I have brought this mentality to succeed in the study of a degree in finance, which I will need to learn the skills needed to be a competitive financial and analyst in the future. Over the three years, I have been undertaking this course, I have learned a great deal of knowledge in financial analysis, accounting as well as risk assessment which I hope to apply in the near ...

Internal Analysis of Encana

Internal Analysis of Encana

Introduction

The oil and gas industry in North America is currently experiencing challenges and transition stage. The increasing need for the environment-friendly and sustainable forms of energy is affecting the industry negatively as more governments and companies are encouraged to use energy with no or low carbon emission. More companies are now developing solar and wind energy and create vehicles that can rely on electricity rather than oil.
Such growing trend in the energy sector resulted to lower demand of oil and gas particularly in the North America. Many oil and gas producing countries and companies ...

Introduction

In this essay, I purpose to develop an analysis on the forecasted return on my education and the expected future job. The paper has two main parts. First, I will discuss why I decided to pursue Finance including the costs and interest on my education loan. Second, I will analyze my research on the expected job and the predicted payback time.

My parents wanted me to pursue an education in Computer Science, but I choose Finance because of several reasons. First, I have a passion for accounting and learning how businesses such banks and insurance firms work. When I ...

It is commonly accepted that high motivation leads to better quality of performance and employees’ satisfaction. According to Stella (2008) employees’ motivation is a deep psychological process that promotes objectives for further achievements. It should be noted that motivated employees, generate higher revenues for the company and are more satisfied with their work. Proper usage of motivational stimuli enhances the company’s prosperity. However, the key question for each human resource manager is why personnel are not performing as well as expected. What should be done to improve this?
In this paper, we shall describe the three motivational concepts, ...

What 2008 events gave rise to the need for this legislation?

The need for the Dodd-Frank Act (which complete name is the “Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act”) was given rise by the financial crisis of 2007–08. This crisis triggered the Great Recession, an event many economists consider the worst crisis in the financial markets since the 1930’s (Dodd-Frank Financial Regulatory Reform Bill Definition, 2016).
The United States had suffered a “housing bubble” – an unexpected and sharp increase in real estate prices, fueled by easy credit, that lasted over a decade – which had burst in 2004. Many traded financial instruments had their value directly or ...

As per the requirement of the FASB, No. 116 of the SFAS should address the Accounting for Contributions Made and Received. On the other hand, No. 117 should address the Financial Statement of non-profit making organizations. The above statements illustrate how non-profit making companies should make reports on their contributions. Furthermore, it indicates how the contribution of such companies is presented in the financial statements. Therefore, this paper will assess the requirements of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS 116 and 117) and how they influence the financial statements.
Statement No. 116 establishes the standards of accounting for ...

This paper is going to discuss the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 to date, and especially the crisis that hit two particular governments in the sovereignty, Greece and Ireland. The two governments have recently received bailouts, or financial support from the EU/ IMF following the two nation’s financial crisis of 2010. The two countries had similarities in regards to the support owing to the fact that the two states had troubles with their government finances. The causes of the troubles, in addition to the terms of the support received by each nation, and the prospects of the ...

Compare and Contrast Financial and Managerial Accounting

Compare and Contrast Financial and Managerial Accounting

Introduction

In the current world, the environment in which companies operate has become more competitive, and this trend worsens by the day. As such, it has become imperative that firms focus more on advanced and sophisticated means of gathering accounting information for them to react as required towards market dynamics. In this consideration, it is important for these companies to employ proper accounting practices, which might either be financial, managerial or cost accounting (Hoffjan, Nevries, and Stienemann, n.d.). This paper will, however, focus on the first two. It will explore their similarities, differences ...

This paper is a review of the book titled, Finance for nonfinancial managers: 24 lessons for understanding and evaluating financial health, by Katherine Wagner. The book will help managers from non-financial background to understand the languages and techniques used in finance. It can enhance the participation of these managers in financial matters and decision making. Complex financial lessons are presented in a form that could be understood by people from non-financial backgrounds. (Wagner, 2005)
The first chapter of the book reviews basic terms used in recording, classifying and summarizing financial transactions. Knowing these terms will help the manager to ...

1.0 Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Rationale of the Research
The industry of construction is not only a key player in the national economic growth; but also a crucial sector affecting the economic and social welfare of citizenry, particularly in its primary function in providing reliable and decent shelter. It is viewed as one of the most essential sector to highly contribute to the growth of an entire economy at the provincial, national and international levels (Artto & Kujala, 2008). In the recent years, cost modelling and estimation for construction projects have attracted major attention of several research scholars. ...

Introduction to PepsiCo Incorporated

PepsiCo is an American multinational company having its origin in the United States. The company is a market leader in the global beverage industry. The biggest and worldwide competitor to PepsiCo is the Coca-Cola Company. PepsiCo serves the worldwide market and gain access to audience by mainly sponsoring sports events, players and teams.

Pro-Forma Financial Statements of PepsiCo Incorporated for 2016 (the next period)

This section is aimed at displaying the financial statements of PepsiCo for the next financial accounting period (2016) as well as the last statements for 2015. The pro-forma income statement and balance sheet are prepared by assuming a ten percent increase in sales revenue and cost ...

Abstract

The paper will explore the business environment and the fraud scandals that prompted the need for more comprehensive and stringent regulations on financial disclosure by all public business entities operating on U.S. soil. The primary financial issues that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was meant to address will be addressed, with a specific focus on how to restore investor confidence by imposing more strict rules on companies in terms of recording investments, cash flows and periodic profit/loss statements .
Through an analysis of the basic provisions of the Act with regards to assigning personal responsibilities on officers of the company, as well ...

Organization Performance Using Financial Ratios

Organization Performance Using Financial Ratios
Ratio analysis refers to the process of determining, analysing and interpreting relationships by using financial statements. It is majorly used to evaluate various aspects of a firm’s financial and operating performance, such as profitability, liquidity, efficiency and solvency. The trend is then studied to determine whether they are deteriorating or improving (Nezlobin, Rajan, & Reichelstein, 2014).
Financial ratio is an indicator used to analyse firm’s financial performance. The ratios are used by the creditors, accountants, analysts, shareholders and bankers to examine and evaluate data presented on a company’s financial statements (Nezlobin, Rajan, & ...

Financial Development and Economic Growth bear a strong relationship with each other. “Theory and evidence imply that better developed financial systems ease external financing constraints facing firms, which illuminates one mechanism through which financial development influences economic growth” (Levine, 2005). Studies suggest that an economy’s financial system cuts transaction and information costs which in turn results into mobilizing savings, better investments and proper resource allocation. These in turn bring about innovation in technology, accumulation of capital and economic growth.
Levine (2005) suggests that when financial intermediaries are present in the market, investors gain access to high quality and ...