Protocol Literature Reviews Samples For Students

INTRODUCTION

The protocols at the transport layer of the OSI reference model provides an end-to-end data delivery service for application processes to exchange messages over the Internet. Protocols operating in the Transport layer use the services of the Internet Protocol (IP) to deliver messages. Many protocols exist at his layer and one of the most important protocols at this layer is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for the delivery of data between the Application Layer and the Internet Layer. The shortcoming of IP to guarantee the delivery of datagrams is overcome by TCP by setting up a virtual circuit between the communicating ...

Literature Review of Security of RFID and GPS Devices

Introduction
The deployment of radio frequency identification (RFID) and global positioning system (GPS) is on the rise across several industries. RFID is used in traditional applications such as assets and inventory tracking. Presently, RFID technology is used in security services such as RFID embedded credit cards and electronic passports (Plunkett, 2012). RFID technology uses radio waves to identify objects and people. RFID devices read information contained in a wireless device commonly known as ‘tags’ from a distance without any physical contact. In a typical RFID communication, a clear line of sight is required. Although RFID technology was available from ...

The Problem of Delayed care in Paediatric Emergency Rooms

Statistics indicate that children are among the heaviest users of emergency rooms. In America, for example, more than 800,000 children require care from the emergency department (ED) daily. These cases translate to more than 31 million cases of pediatric emergency cases annually in America alone (Barata et al., 2015). There are many concerns regarding the preparedness s of the ED to handle this influx of patients. It is easy to point out that delay in care is a real concern given the big number of patients and the lack of proper training or supervision of the emergency care ...

“Shaving versus Clipping: Which preoperative hair removal method reduces the risk of surgical site infection?"

“Shaving versus Clipping: Which preoperative hair removal method reduces the risk of surgical site infection?"
Hwang, S., Kim, S., Park, K., Im, S., Shin, W., & Kim, B. (2012). Outpatient-based scalp surgery without shaving and allowing use of shampoo. World Neurosurgery, 77(2), 391-393.
1. A study in the outpatient setting which aims to establish the benefits of “shaveless” surgery. It challenges previously held beliefs about the advantages of shaving.
2. Retrospective observational study on the outcomes of minor scalp surgery without the conventional shaving of hair. The procedures were performed on 93 patients by only one ...

Requirement for the Manufacture of Drugs concerning Public Safety

Abstract
The study will focus on pharmaceutical companies’ standard operation procedures. More in depth, the study will determine if cleaning validation and verification is a successful way to keep the quality of manufactured drugs at a high standard. The importance of the validation of a sterilization process will be examined. The study will list reasons for validation of sterilization through a set of regulatory expectations put in place by the FDA.
The regulatory expectations of the FDA will support the methods and analysis used to conduct this study. The study will also examine the success and failure of cleaning validation through ...

Antarctica Tourism: Still an appropriate market for operators and tourism?

Introduction

Antarctica may not sound like the greatest vacation spot for most people but many tourists ready for a challenge head there during the South Pole’s summer season. Tourism has been increasing since the first visitors to Antarctica despite the difficulties reaching the place. The freezing temperatures are not enough to slow the dedicated traveler away either.

Tourist operators’ infrastructure has grown to meet the needs of Antarctica tourism. The infrastructure includes everything from selling parkas and equipment, to training guides and to offering trips by ships and planes coordinated with travel agencies. Several decades of increasing tourism to ...

ENERGY RELATIONS

Introduction
The US and Canada have been supporter and challenger, associate and adversary, foe and friend- throughout their history. As a result, the two nations have experienced durations of conflict with one country’s national interests dictating actions that caused adverse effects on the other (Behiels and Stuart 2010; Andreas 2013). Since the 1980s, however, the two nations have increased their energy relations through integration and cooperation (Hooper and Newlands 2012). As such, significant issues have often been resolved through negotiated compromise. Nonetheless, some US-Canada trade relations have been unsuccessful. For example, although the two nations are widely known ...

Human trafficking is one of the common acts of criminal in Central America that has been at center stage since 1990s. The increased attention for this trade has been driven by United State initiatives, such as the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons. Depending on the local dynamics, study reveals that, the activity has got different manifestations across the entire region (NOVA 1). According to a publication by the UNODC “Global Patterns on Human Trafficking”, the Central American country states are the source, transit corridor and destination. They act as a destination for women and children ...

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Introduction

This literature review is intended to determine the effect of infection to the disability, mobility and psychological state of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, comparing each in accordance to compliance or not of the surgical procedure to the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP). Upon review however of the five available orthopedic surgical studies, there was no indication of any compliance or not to the SCIP protocol of the surgical procedures performed. The nearest mention of elements found in the protocol, such as anesthesia (SCIP-3) and postoperative blood glucose (SCIP-4) measurement, was found in Lin, Lin, Huang, Hsu, & Lin (2011). ...

Business Process Management

Abstract
The literature review on the topic of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of business process management (BPM) as part of information systems (IS) strategies in South African businesses covers both scholarly and professional management discussions about outsource administration of IT systems operations. The rise of outsource IT in the business sector is predicted to realign business and trade into the future. The trend in emergent market outsource IS data management in and by South African firms is fast becoming a lead topic in a nation formerly characterised as an industrial economy with developing country challenges.
The enactment of South ...

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Introduction

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a very influential technique that helps in amplifying the specific segments of DNA. This biochemical procedure is performed in-vitro that is quite different from cloning. This technique is a fusion of synthesis protocol of distinct repeated segments of DNA and thermostable DNA polymerase application that has given scientists a very potent analytical, immunological and molecular technique used prevalently in clinical laboratory science (Garibyan & Avashia, 2013). PCR is based on three primary steps that include denaturation of the template into single strands, annealing ...

Literature Review

Chairman:
Committee member:
Committee member:
Masters of Arts in Psychology
2016
Introduction
With childhood obesity on the rise, there is increasing concern about the prevention and treatment of obesity. Current national data on childhood and adolescent obesity show 16.9 percent of 2-to-19-year-old children and adolescents are obese (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). An effective intervention to manage obesity is essential. The current weight management practices involve dietary modification, behavioral change therapies involving exercise, pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the current research on Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an effective method for ...

Bitcoin is term that was not well known in the last four years. It was a term that was only used by few people over the internet. With time it is the term that the world has come to know as the first world’s completely decentralized virtual currency (Buttyan & Hubaux, 2001). This currency has become the largest economy compared to some of the economies of the smaller worlds. Bitcoin also abbreviated as BTC reached its high note in 2013 April with a value of $260 just from pennies in the previous years. Currently, the market value of BTC is valued ...

3. Why does Teo break protocol and visit Dhavir? What is motivating her to see the donor? What does she and he gain by meeting? Why does the Ministry of Health want to keep them apart? What are the risks of their meeting?
Teo had a singular goal which was to meet her organ donor. Even though this was against protocol and despite her numerous attempts of finding the identity of the organ donor, which was met with great resistance by the authorities, there was ‘never the question of abandoning the effort’. This relentless determination to meet her organ ...