Essays on Mentally Retarded

It is always difficult to watch movies about impaired people, let alone see them in real life. However, it is the real life that we must accept. Cinema is an excellent field and sphere to analyze the potential symptoms of characters playing the role of an impaired man or woman. Forrest Gump is an excellent example of the director’s and actor’s mastery at showing the people what a real psychopathology is. Watching Forrest Gump one always thinks of the protagonist as mentally retarded (or rather suffering from mental retardation - a congenital form of an intellectual disability ...

People with great concern to the children with disabilities or special need never give up and continually giving support. The battle of the children with disabilities cannot be understood unless the individual around them have the knowledge and concern. It is necessary to look deeper the history of special education in order to understanding the conditions of the children with disabilities. The history about the children with disabilities is the key to understand the children with disabilities through the events and laws concerning special education. Esteves and Rao emphasize that the events determined the evolution of special education, gradually ...

In this essay I will dwell upon the issue of euthanasia. I will consider different views on this issue and discuss the contradictions that arise in relation to the use of euthanasia in different situations. I believe that passive euthanasia is possible and even desirable to alleviate the suffering of a terminally ill patient, when there is no hope to return the essential functions of his body, provided appropriate control over the lawfulness of the procedure implementation. Euthanasia is a conscious action, resulting in the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless ...

During each historical epoch was only her peculiar attitude towards people with disabilities and to people something different from the majority. Everything depended on how disability is understood in society, as explained by its appearance and physical manifestations in life she had. Depending on the understanding also varied and the resources that are available to this category of citizens, including access to quality education. Education has always been considered the key to the development of society. Especially important is education for children with disabilities, because it is just a tool that helps these children to become independent and to ...

Introduction

No form of punishment engenders more controversy than the death penalty. Although capital punishment has been used since ancient times, its modern utilization is repeatedly called into question. The United States stands alone among Western world counterparts in its continued use of the death penalty. Among the international community, the general trend largely reflects a discontinuance of capital punishment. For instance, member states of the European Union have all abolished the death penalty (Shin, 2007, p. 505). Given the overwhelming number of nations that have since abolished the death penalty, it is somewhat surprising that the United States continues ...

Summary of the article

This article is about a study that was conducted to check the abnormal short latency synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex of subjects with Becker muscle dystrophy (BMD). Before the research could take place, the author indicates that the assessment of the cortical function especially with patients with BMD has brought about contradicting results. The researchers used the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) so as to explore the excitability of the motor cortex. Therefore, the participants of the study were thirteen patients suffering from Becker Muscle dystrophy. Out of the thirteen patients, six of them are stated to have ...

Introduction

Music therapy is an evidence-based clinical use of musical interventions to achieve individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a certified practitioner. Music therapy may sound not like a very much practiced medical procedure but that is not true. In fact, music therapy dates back as early as ancient civilizations like Egyptian, Indus valley and old Chinese civilization. Music combined with various dance forms was used at that time to treat various illnesses. Even today music therapy is used to address physical, cognitive, emotional and social needs of an individual. After assessing the problems of a patient, a certified music therapist provides treatment which ...

Introduction

The film titled ‘I am Sam’ directed by Jessie Nelson is a story of mentally retarded and autistic man called Sam Dawson who fathers a child, Lucy, with a homeless woman. Lucy’s mother ran away soon after her birth leaving her in the custody of her developmentally retarded father. Sam is considered to have a mental ability of a seven year old, but, has a determination of a mature adult. He works at a coffee shop and is obsessed with beetle. Despite his developmental challenges, Sam manages to raise her daughter with the help of friends that include Doug Hutchison, Brad and Joe who are also ...

Psychology

Introduction Art therapy is a well-known mental health profession that primarily uses creativity process of art making in order to enhance physical, emotional well-being, as well as and mental health of people. Art therapy is mainly based on belief that creative process of art-making helps people to resolve problems and conflicts, to develop interpersonal skills, to reduce stress, to manage behavior, and to increase self-esteem. In general, art therapy incorporates the fields of visual arts, human growth, and the creative process with models of psychotherapy and counseling. The introduction of art therapy influenced significant changes on how people ...

PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS SUFFERING BEING HOMELESS

Introduction This study chronologically traces the history of people with serious mental illness and is homeless. The study examines the significant events that were followed in establishing policies for homeless people. It provides the background behind such occurrences, the government that was in power and the policies put in place. The paper further gives the ideological background that influences such policies. In conclusion, the study will highlight the present circumstances and recommendations.

Background

For around two decades, the issue of homeless has been a public policy. A third of the homeless people within the society comprise the mentally retarded. These ...

Art therapy is a well-known mental health profession that primarily uses creativity process of art making in order to enhance physical, emotional well-being, and mental health of people. Art therapy is mainly based on belief that creative process of artistic helps people to resolve problems and conflicts, develop interpersonal skills, reduce stress, manage behavior, and increase self-esteem. In general, Art therapy incorporates the fields of visual arts, human growth, and the creative process with models of psychotherapy and counseling. The introduction art therapy influenced significant changes on how people think, believe and behave in the community. Behavior therapy is a procedure ...

- What theory or theories of crime best justifies or justify the imposition of capital punishment There are several legal theories that justify capital punishment in many jurisdictions. In such a punishment, the state puts one to death as a punishment for the crimes they may have committed. Legally, only capital offenses can attract capital punishments. The death sentence has always elucidated various reactions from the public, with some opposing it, and others support it. For instance, as of 2014, only 58 nations in the world actively practiced this punishment. 98 countries have so far abolished the punishment because it ...

I must admit that I had my own preconceived ideas and notions about the mentally retarded persons all along and before I had an opportunity of volunteering in a facility that provides care for the mentally ill. Even at the moment when we were given an opportunity to volunteer in a mental health facility, I had my own ideas of what I would see, experience, and what the patients or the mentally retarded would be like. These notions had been built into me and developed throughout my life through listening to popular opinions from people and readings from the media. I ...

Death as a punishment is not only unusually severe in its pain, finality and enormity, but it is also serves no penal purpose that is more effective than would a punishment that was less severe. The punishment’s fatal constitutional infirmity treats the human race fraternity as being non-human, or as objects that can be toyed and discarded, hence it is inconsistent with the fundamental premise of Clause which states that even the vilest criminal possesses human dignity. The punishment subjects individual to a forbidden fate by principle of the civilized treatment that is guaranteed by the clause and on that ground ...

The eugenics movement is a movement that advocates for measures that would improve the genetic makeup of the population. Prior to its discrediting after the Second World War, eugenics played a significant role in the United States. The American eugenic movement traces its background to Francis Galton, who was a cousin of Charles Darwin. The eugenics movement had many famous and well-known backers such as Henry Ford and J.H. Kellogg as well as the support of various institutions. Michigan was the first state to attempt to pass laws promoting eugenics and Indiana became the first state to pass eugenics laws in 1907. ...

The most publicized and sensational violent crimes that have been committed recently, such as the attack on the children of Newtown, Connecticut and the shootings at the Batman movie screening in Aurora, Colorado, have been committed by persons who appear to be mentally ill and perhaps additionally suffering from drug addition. The significant overlap between mental illness, drug addiction, and violence is well documented and thus the criminal justice system has put resources behind trying to solve this problem with programs such as drug and mental health courts (Rossman, 2012). In contrast, persons with mental retardation, also known by ...

The movie “ Flowers for Algernon” was released in February 2000. The movie is based on a short written by Charlie Gordon who acts as the main character. Charlie is 32 years old who has an IQ of 68. In the movie, Charlie who is the main character and the main narrator is the subject of the movie through his mental retardation and the urge to improve his mental status. He attends special classes that are aimed at improving his reading and writing skills to make him smarter. To help him achieve this feat, teacher Alice Kinnian offers her night ...

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Visually Impaired

A visual impaired individual is one who looses the function of vision, which occurs when a part of the eye or the brain that processes images becomes diseased or damaged. Visual impairment is a situation where a person has sight problem that cannot be rectified by the use of glasses or contact lenses. The human eye has an iris that regulates the amount of light passing through the pupil. It also has a cornea that focuses light, and a retina that changes the light signals into nerve signals that form an image when sent to the brain. When the retina or the optic nerve ...

Mens Rea and Juvenile Culpability

Overview of Stanford v. Kentucky (1989) The defendant, Kevin Stanford, was accused of murdering Barbel Poore on 7th January 1981. At the time of the felony, the accused was 17 years four months old. Stanford was accused of having sodomized and raped the deceased during their robbery at a fuel station where Poore worked (Cornell University Law School, 2007). After the robbery, Stanford and his accomplice kidnapped Poore and took her to a secluded place not far from the fuel station. It is in this place that Stanford is said to have shot Poore twice: one bullet to the back ...

The death penalty is a situation where an individual arraigned in a court of law for a certain crime is sentenced to death. Due to the seriousness of this sentence, it is apparent that the evidence provided in court for such cases must be beyond reasonable doubt. It is for this reason that almost all the cases which end with a death sentence are referred to the Supreme Court for appeals. This essay looks at the case of Atkins v Virginia (2002). It will give the details of the case and the sentence thereon. The essay seeks to assert the fact that capital ...

Chapter 14: How do we help prevent child labor?

The case study on Chapter 14 focuses on Maria and her persistent efforts to take out the girls working in big factories. She wanted to advocate to their families that they must be schooling and not working. She also let them see the risky conditions inside the factory, the hazardous work conditions. For an instance, some of the under-aged girls entangled into road accidents since they work on a night shifts. Some girls were also maimed, another losing a finger with the sewing machine. The girls work very hard and the salary is meager. They expose themselves to fabrics which is ...

Values Systems in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Summary

Dom Pedro is one of the largest land owners in the Brazil and was also one of the founders of the local Rural Democratic Union (UDR) which strongly opposed the notion of bringing land reforms in the Brazil. Dom Pedro who was critically ill and was expected to die soon had a son Raoul, who now faces the dilemma of whether he should gift the lands to poor and announce it publically or not. Raoul unlike his father was in favor of the land reforms and he now wants to distribute 20,000 hectares of their land to 2000 ...

Mental retardation

The image selected shows children suffering from mental retardation. The children however are all beaming and are happy despite the condition that life has dealt them. The condition of having an intelligence quotient of than 70 is clinically regarded as mental retardation. The fact us that mental retardation is not a disease in the strict sense of the word. Mental retardation is a condition that leaves the victim struggling to master their cognitive abilities. However, many individuals around the world are able to fight it to try and make themselves better. Mental retardation has been a huge challenge to society because the ...

One definition of morality is “The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct” (thefreedictionary). The decency of capital punishment is a largely disputed subject and one that tends to polarise people’s views. However, in 2012 and in a leading civilised nation such as the U.S. it is arguable that there can be no circumstances in which sentencing a person to death is acceptable. America is known around the world as being a well-respected, leading democracy. The act of punishing people by death is an ancient one; it is also one that no longer has place in society. ...

It goes without saying that life without good health and peace is of no relevance. The very purpose of living is defeated if there is an absence of just, equitable, peaceful, and moral existence of human minds. Undoubtedly, the matter becomes a cause of concern for anyone if it is degraded by the human minds. In this context, it makes good sense to assume that the peaceful co-existence of people without any differences is good for the mutual understanding, respect, and honor of one another’s lives and property. All of us know this that such a logical approach in life ...

In terms of serving the needs of special education students, the American system has come an incredibly long way since the days of total separation, when students identified as having special needs had their own schedule, their own teachers, far away from the “normal” students. The system has come even farther since the days when these sorts of students were shuttled off to special schools – or just left to stay home. The right to a free public education for each student is an entitlement within the grasp of every child in the United States between the ages of five and ...

Autism is a neurological disease which impacts the ability of a person to communicate. Autism is known to be a group of several disorders which impacts the communicating and relating ability of the person. It is not a single disease but rather a description for a group of disorders that affect people in similar ways. This condition is also referred as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The origin of autism causes several controversies due to the fact that it’s origin is largely unidentified presently. Autism is possibly caused due to an amalgamation of environmental triggers and genetic factors. Defective immune system is reported to be ...

Autism is a behavioral disorder that affects social and communication skills of a child severely and also affects his behavior to a large extent. Experts of the area under discussion recognize autism as a condition of neural development disorder in which the system of information processing in a child’s brain is affected and he faces several behavioral disorders. Spectrum disorder is another name, used for Autism and this name has is used because symptoms of this disorder are found in a large numbers.

Studies Focus on Backward and Forward Chaining Process:

Wolery and Gast conducted a study to understand the effective process to transfer stimulus control. Authors studied about teaching autistic children and ...

Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior

According to American Association of Mental Retardation, intelligence is the general mental capability (2002). Mental capability is the ability of an individual to plan, solve problems, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience. From a teacher of students with intellectual disability (MR) perspective, intelligence is the ability to figure out things by pulling together reasoning, experience, and observation (Dage, 2010). Normally, intelligence is measured using Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Standardized tests, prepared by professionals, are used to measure IQ. An IQ score of 70 or below indicates present of intellectual disability in an individual. Intelligence cannot be taught in ...

The Use of Supermax

The Supermax is a term used to define a correctional facility that highest the form of security and custody systems in the United States and other countries. These facilities were developed to incarcerate criminals that were considered as high risk for long periods. It is important to note that not every criminal is sent to a Supermax facility; “it is only those that pose a threat to both the country’s security and also international security” (Shalev, 2009, p. 65). Also incarcerated in these facilities are criminals whose crimes have been publicized by the media. Supermax facilities are not efficient in correcting the ...

Curriculum Guide for Reading

Principles:

Grasping the concepts of Phonics Instructions hence discover letter-sound connection while engaging in word-recognition activities (Browder, 2001)

Enhancing sight-word instructions so as to identify key high frequency words without decoding (Browder, 2001)

Usage of technology in reading hence advancement of skills (Singh, 2006).

Objectives:

To grasp letter sound correspondence so that they would grasp letters at a faster rate while having fun

To allow for phoneme blending which is very effective for students with IQ between 31-50 to blend certain sounds while reading

To allow phoneme segmentation that will allow students identify phonemes of spoken words

To allow students grasp ...

Ethical Arguments Against Capital Punishment

Morality can be defined as “The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct.” (thefreedictionary).

The morality of capital punishment is an heavily contested issue and one that often polarises people’s views. However, in 2011 and in a leading civilised nation such as the U.S. it is arguable that there can be no circumstances in which sentencing a person to death is acceptable. America is known around the world as being a well-respected, leading democracy. The act of punishing people by death is an ancient one; it is also one that no longer has place in society.

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