Essays on National Government

Austerity Policy Measures in the UK

Introduction The process of putting into place strategic measures with an aim of reducing of deficit and increasing economic growth in the United Kingdom has taken a paradigm shift from various aspects. The government of UK has put deficit reduction measures, which entail a series of strategically sustained reductions in public expenditure, undertaken towards a reduction of the government budget deficit and the UK’s welfare state. The design of this research paper is structured towards assessing the rationale on which the UK’s austerity policy is based with regards to deficit reduction and stimulation of economic growth (Burns, ...

One of the developing African countries challenged with severe health problems and requiring special attention from international organizations is Angola which has been marked by increasingly high levels of malaria incidence. Malaria is considered the main health problem haunting Angola (Schwartz et al., 2001) and this tendency has been persistent for years. The number of deaths caused by the disease has been varying but extremely high – around 21,000 cases in 2012 (UNDP, n/a). Moreover, the disease affected non-Angolan residents during the civil war in the country lasting until the early 2000s: the troops of the UN peacekeeping mission ...

Introduction

ST. Louis Medical Center was a healthcare organization in Summerville, Chamberlain County, South Carolina, in the USA. The firm has served the communities in Summerville. Iron ridge and the surrounding community in the county and State for over 50 years. The firm has 500 doctors and 450 nurses. The business has their mission as provide quality healthcare in a supportive and caring environment, coupled by unlimited devotion and commitment to improve the quality of the lives of the people they serve. The organization has the vision of becoming the national leader in the excellence and employing innovation to develop ...

Federalism in the United States has evolved over the past 200 years from an arrangement where state and national government powers and responsibilities were clearly distinct and separate, to one in which the line of distinction between the two has blurred. When the framers drafted the Constitution, they provided separate powers to the federal government in Article One. A few of these clauses extended the power of the national government in order to prevent the hazards faced by the Articles of Confederation. In order to ensure that limitations still existed on the federal government, the Tenth Amendment was included. ...

How does context influence employment relations issues for HR practitioners in local government?

Human resource management is managing people as they work in organizations. The Human Resource Department plays a very significant role in an organization. This is so because it caters to the most important resource – people. The department is responsible for the selection and retention of employees who will help achieve the goals of an organization. This selection is crucial as this would predict the kind of workforce an organization would have. Once potentials are seen as congruent to what the organization needs, employees are considered potential assets and are retained in the organization. The role of the Human Resource ...

Chapter 2

Literature review Russia has a very large number of hospitals, physicians, and health care workers as compared to any other country in the world. In spite of this, the medical care fraternity has failed to offer standard and acceptable health care services to its people. Russia has faced a health care system crisis for an extended period since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Significant transformation in the social, economic, and political environment has adversely affected the health care system (Britnell, 2015). The poor health care system in Russia has been precipitated by the lack of medical and technical ...

Can he change the geographic lines of the different AQCRs so as to attract more industry? How?

It is the responsibility of the states to designate the location of the AQRCs after confirming with the national government. In perspective, I would advise the newly elected governor to petition EPA to relocate and redraw the geographic lines of AQCRs. The directions of this proceeding must, however, align with the requirements of the federal government, which implies that due consultations must be made before placing the modifications. Usually, revisions of the placements are approved to SIP depending on its estimated effects and results expected from the new locations. In this case, the governor wishes to relocate in order ...

The New Deal changed the association between the national regime and its inhabitants by generating a correlation in which individuals came to rely on the regime than they did previously. Before the current deal, the national government was comparatively disconnected from the being of average associates of the community. Most significantly, the national regime took little control for the individuals’ financial and prosperity security. People were encouraged to take charge of them, instead. If they could not, private charities and families could step in. With the current deal, the regime changed. It started taking a vital role in making ...

Administration Relationships

The relationships between the public policy-makers and the executors (civil servants) have attracted the attention of many scholars in the public administration, political science, public policy and law. The focus is on the relationship between the government, parliament, and the public service. However, the relationship between the federal bureaucracy and the elected policy-makers is crucial for the government functioning, its professional standards, as well as social credibility. Regardless of the perspective of the government being consistent, its texture, characteristics, operating principles and procedures vary from one public policy sector to another (Guess & Farnham, 2011, p. 315). This part focuses ...

Two most important European leaders from the recent past and presidents of America and Germany are Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler, who both dealt with the consequences of the World War I as well as with the Great Depression during the 1930s. Franklin D. Roosevelt has in his speech from 1933 declared the greatest issues the American society and country was facing. The main issues addressed were increased taxes and debt, lack of income, frozen exchange and trade without the available markets along with the unemployment. He has defined “only material things” (Roosevelt, 1933, par. 2) as the ...

The United States had two constitutions to regulate and establish the rights and state orders. Articles of Confederation came into force in 1781, when Maryland ratified it and it was the first Constitution of the United States (Fritz C. G., 2008, p.131). The Constitution came to replace the Articles of Confederation when it was ratified by New Hampshire in 1788. These two documents have much in common. However, there are quite significant differences between them. By comparing them it is possible to see what the drafters considered important in 1781, and that they changed their minds in 1788. Articles ...

Factors that led to the writing of the United States Constitution and the ideas behind the design

The needs to establish a national government and guard the fundamental rights of citizens are the factors that led to the writing of the constitution. Previously, the United States governing document was the Articles of Confederation that made the national government weak since states operated like independent countries (Archives). With the new constitutions, therefore, plans were in place to make the federal government stronger by having three branches including the executive, legislative and the judicial (Archives). Also, the design of the three branches was that no single branch would have much power since there were systems of checks and ...

The U.S. Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights was proposed and passed through twelve amendments but only ten were successfully ratified and became part of the United States Constitution, which was at first considered incomplete because it lacked what proponents called the basic human rights. The common belief at that time was that the framing and ratification of the Bill of Rights was to eliminate fears of the Anti-Federalists that the proposed Constitution did not satisfactorily guarantee individual freedoms. Even if individual liberty was important during the debate for the bill of rights, the Bill of Rights was ...

Basic Facts of the Case

The Ethical Issues Involved Under utilitarianism, the GM bailout was certainly ethical because it focused on the maximization of the overall good of the company, the people, and the government. However, when one keenly scrutinizes justice and rights issues involved, there is contention with the bailout. The executives of General Motors were allowed to enjoy the organizational profits for the longest period with the taxpayers bearing the losses. Economist Joseph Stiglitz wrote the debate about whether or not to bail out car manufacturers had been mischaracterized, and that the profits were privatized, and the losses socialized. According to him, ...

When Federalists and Anti-Federalists were debating about the new U.S. Constitution, one of the most controversial issues was the balance of power between the national and state governments. In order give more power to the national government, Federalists had to take into account Anti-Federalists’ views and introduce three branches of power that would be empowered to control each other. James Madison, one of America’s founding fathers, wrote in The Federalist Papers that “power is of an encroaching natureit ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it.” (Cited in The Federalist Papers Project 19). It ...

In the midst of the Cold War era, both the U.S and U.S.S.R engaged one another in proxy wars in regions throughout the world to further their respective expansionist national agendas while counteracting the geo-political influence of one another. Proxy wars are conflicts contained within third party nations or regions which are instigated by the influence of major geopolitical powers who do not themselves become directly involved in the conflict. Thus, proxy wars are facilitated by major powers to preserve and expand their geopolitical influence through promoting or opposing certain armed factions within a regional conflict which in turn ...

Under Armour

How have the norms and regulations of national government in its 'home' country shaped the way Under Armour has gone global? Under Armour had gone global with about 300 retail stores in 13 countries and aims to have more than 1,000 stores by 2018, with expansion plans in South American countries. There are certain norms and regulations of the US government that have helped shape the growth of Under Armour. Under Armour takes advantage of the norms and regulations of national government and works on its core values and adhere to these practices when doing business with suppliers. ...

The struggle for independence is not a new topic in Europe as the region’s history depicts a myriad of conflicts that occurred for the sake of independence from monarchies and the desire for self-governance. Throughout the past centuries, larger European empires broke down into smaller states while others merged to their partners or faded entirely. However, even after the Great Wars have ended, there were still factions hoping to separate themselves from their respective countries in the hopes of reestablishing their identities prior to their inclusion to larger countries. Catalonia, for instance, has been actively working on pushing ...

On the Criminal Justice System of any country lies great responsibilities for the general well-being of the country itself and for the citizens. Without a well-organized Criminal Justice System, the world would be in criminal chaos.

Definition of Crime

The study of Criminal Justice System has certainly to begin with the definition of crime. Criminal lawyers have been disputing over it for years and still there is no consensus as to the only, profound and unified definition of crime. Surely, crime is an offence, with which criminal law deals. One more certainty is that criminal courts operate the notions of crime (Farmer, ...

America is a country with various cultures and races working together to advance the current economic, social and political structures. Everyone plays a part in its making through voting, leadership, and social work among other things. However, the American’ culture and benefits people experience today came from various decisions made by the founding fathers of the nation. Apart from that, the struggles and abuse experienced by the forefathers enabled the next generation to have a better life. Hence, the three most interesting topics in the book are American Political Culture, Federalism, and Civil Rights. These entities make up the ...

Introduction

With the advancement of information and communications technology over the years, it is indeed astounding to see the abundance of information on the internet summarized in the form of info-graphics on a wide range of topics. As far as the United States of America is concerned, the most common types of such graphical illustrations are which show state wise regional differences. The parameters do have a wide range and it can be anything from consumption of beer to even average number of hours spent by residents on Netflix. Among such illustrations, one which captivated the author of this presentation ...

Protecting citizens, business, and property from the threat of terrorism and naturally manmade disasters is arguably a governor’s most salient responsibility. As the chief executive officer of the states, governors are accountable for overseeing states response to any disaster or emergency. In essence, they must be prepared for the every day events for instance, industrial fires, power outages, tornados, and catastrophes on a scale of the September 11 terrorist attacks. Hence, a new governor must be briefed on the homeland security and how it applies to the state. The paper will provide the new governor with the essential ...

People active in politics are elite in the sense that they play a larger role than most citizens. But there are also many American elections and so many places where political action can be blocked that no single elite can dominate. Business corporations, for example, are an importance interest group, but they only dominate client politics, and even then their influences can be overcome by entrepreneurial politics.

DO ELITES DOMINATE AMERICAN POLITICS?

Public opinion influences the making of U.S. policies through a number of channels. Elites in American business, education, communications, labor, and religion try to influence presidential decision making through several strategies. In ...

In the midst of the cold war era, both the U.S and U.S.S.R engaged one another in proxy wars in regions throughout the world to further their respective expansionist national agendas while counteracting the geo-political influence of one another. Proxy wars are conflicts contained within third party nations or regions which instigated by the influence of major geopolitical powers who do not themselves become directly involved in the conflict. Thus proxy wars are facilitated by major powers to preserve and expand their geopolitical influence through promoting or opposing certain armed factions within a regional conflict which in turn align ...

Part 1

The American Constitution is called a living document for the simple reason that it has existed for far too long than any other document ever drafted to govern any nation in the world. At the same time, it has continued to be the civic cornerstone upon which every other law has been developed, besides it acts as a model for any other emerging or existing democracy in the world (Scaros 17). Since it was penned down, the Constitution has been read and interpreted by many people, including presidents, judges, justices, Congress and even ordinary citizens. Everyone looks up to ...

This paper seeks to bring to light the problems of farms on the east coast of the UAE and show their water-related problems and its effects on domestic and business activities through a story (Cronon). The protagonist of the tale is Dr. Saif Al Qaydi, who was the Dean of Humanities of a local college in the East of the UAE. He like all the residents of the area faced first-hand the acute problem of water shortage. Al Qaydi was involved in several types of research on the issue and discovered that more than 20 farm businesses were rendered ...

Section A - Charge (Road Toll)

Introduction Road toll entails the fee that is levied on road users on vehicles within certain specific routes. Levying of road users has a long history since antiquity. Fees on roads usage in history were collected from travelers who were on foot, wagons and horse backs. Mostly the toll fee was associated with a bridge constructed over a valley or security provided within insecure or wild places among many other varied reasons. In the modern world, levying of roads and road infrastructure is conducted in a rather civilized and harmonized way and is exclusive to motor vehicles. This is ...

The constitution emerged to create a structured society through the creation of a stable system of government and protection of individuals’ powers. It creates three branches of government with different responsibilities and mandates that complement each other in achieving the government objectives. The legislature has a responsibility of making laws, the executive implements the laws, while the judiciary undertakes their interpretation (Cox, 1987, p.42). The Constitution regulates the powers of these branches so that none is superior to the other, but rather work in harmony. It also outlines the powers of the federal government such as printing money, controlling ...

CONTENTS

Introduction 3

Te Triti o Waitangi – Purpose, Scope and Interpretational Variances 4 Waitangi Tribunal and its impact on Maori Business Development 5 Te Tiritii of Waitangi and Information Technology Contexts 6 Conclusions 7

References 9

Introduction Triti of Waitangi or the Treaty of Waitangi was signed on 6 February 1840 between the Government of the Her Majesty and chieftains of the major Maori tribes of New Zealand. Though its long-term ramifications in property (real and intellectual), environmental, constitutional, economic, social and other contexts are vehemently contested by the politicians and the academicians (Zepke, Nugent & Leach, 2003), Orange argues (1989) that it is ...

The History of Banking System in India.

The banking system in India has taken tremendous revolutions in the past years. Trade and commerce have been part of the Indian social organization since the times of civilization. The trading organizations were initially organized into social systems that mostly based their relationships on the exchange of goods and services. Banking is important for the economy of a country to grow at the global pace. The changes that these institutions have made for the Indian commerce are quite significant. Trading activities were formerly held by various social groups and run by the wealthy merchants of the time. Trade and ...

Abstract

Maintaining a highly effective waste management system is an important part of being a clean and green city. While this may not be the top priority for some countries, especially the developing ones—because keeping a clean and green city can be costly; there are countries that are making long term investments for a more effective waste management system in the future. This can be evidenced by the fact that even countries like Qatar and the city of Dubai are finding it hard to find the political and economic will to develop and enforce environmental law and regulations. If ...

Federalism is a system of government based on the principles of distribution of power between central authorities and other constituent units (Merriam-Webster.com, n.d.). These constituent units are smaller subdivisions of a national government, and both these types of governing bodies govern issues: national government governs issues on the federal (national) level, and its smaller subdivisions govern local issues. Smaller subdivisions are rather independent from the national government, and they have a legislative power of a local character. For example, in the United States, there is a federal system of government that consists of the federal government and governments of ...

Upon consideration of the facts surround the situation in the country, namely after a period of colonial rule it has gained independence, but as a result of colonial rule the existing tensions between the new nation’s three ethnic minorities were aggravated; the most effective type of constitution would most likely be one based on the U.S. Constitution. After its independence from the United Kingdom was obtained, the U.S. was not unlike the current situation in country. There were a number of independent “states” that had not lived together lived together as a nation before and had developed widely ...

Government-Business Relations

Predominantly, free trade entails trade between two or more countries where there is an elimination of restrictions such as import duties, local production subsidies, import licenses, and export bounties. The common argument used to support free trade is that countries have different resources endowment. Therefore, each country should specialize in the production of goods and services in which it has a comparative cost advantage. Varying levels of technology required for resource exploitation necessitate the need for countries with advanced technology to invest in other countries where technological knowledge is less developed. The decision to allow foreign investment involves some ...

(1). There are three main risks that Microsoft has confronted in China, namely: (1) a negative government attitude and reception of Microsoft, (2) software piracy and (3) a domestic software industry that not only has support from the government but is also becoming increasingly competitive with Microsoft services and products. These risk have already and will continue to change in the future. In some cases, such as government reception, they may diminish as Microsoft deepens its cooperation with the government. In other cases, such as completion from domestic firms, it will most increase. These risk are not necessarily unique ...

Free trade agreements such as ChAFTA (China-Australia Free Trade Agreement) and the proposed TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) are treaties that are signed and ratified by national governments in a bid to increase the volume of trade within their country, as well as to reduce the obstacles that limit local and foreign investment. This is particularly useful seeing as incentives such as reduced or eliminated tariffs serve to encourage investors from far and wide to invest in the said country (Lim, Elms, and Low, 2012). For many years, such treaties have successfully ensured increased volume of trade as well as investor ...