Essays on Scientific Theory

In your own words, give the scientific definitions for ‘hypothesis’ and ‘theory.’ What is the difference between the two terms, and what is the difference between the scientific meaning and the way these words are commonly used? (6 points) Scientific hypothesis is some testable claim that aims to explain observed phenomena which were not previously explained by the scientific theories. Scientific hypothesis is formulated to be further tested experimentally. Scientific theory is a set of propositions which explains some natural phenomena and is verified experimentally. Technically, scientific theory is a hypothesis or several hypotheses repeatedly confirmed through experiment. Scientific ...

In your own words, give the scientific definitions for ‘hypothesis’ and ‘theory.’ What is the difference between the two terms, and what is the difference between the scientific meaning and the way these words are commonly used? (6 points) Scientific hypothesis is a proposition aiming to explain some observations which are not explained by the contemporary scientific theory. To be scientific, hypothesis has to be testable through experiment and falsifiable. Scientific theory is a group of propositions explaining natural phenomena, which is supports by repeated scientific experimentation. Scientific theory is usually a group of scientific hypotheses which are repeatedly ...

Introduction

The thesis paper will reveal that Galileo’s notions of the sun’s stability and the earth’s movement illustrate the conflicting Science-Religion theory. Galileo supported Copernicus’s opinion about the sun’s stability and the movement of the earth strongly despite strong oppositions from the Holy Church. Although he depicted aspects of honesty concerning the opinions of the sun and the earththroughout his trial, the Holy Church still held otherwise and commanded to oppose his opinions.

Scientific Theory about Heavenly Bodies

According to scientists, heavenly bodies are not stationary but move in a circular motion. However, Philolaus, the Pythagorean, believes that “just like ...

Describe scientific explanation in detail. How does it relate to scientific hypothesis and scientific theory?

The term explanation may mean different things, especially in a wider perspective. However, in science, an explanation refers to the answer to a question that have stemmed from curiosity. Curiosity gives rise to questions that call for answers or explanations. Curiosity and inquisitiveness are among the characteristics that drive science to explore knowledge and use it for practical applications. The curiosity to know why the apple has fallen down from a tree has led Newton to wonder and apply the scientific method to arrive at a valid scientific explanation—the Law of gravitation. In short, the explanation that resolves ...

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Executive Summary When Robert J. Dewar’s “The Savage Factory: An Eyewitness Account of the Auto Industry’s Self Destruction” is read and evaluated, it becomes crystal clear that the Sharonville transmission plant at the Ford Company could not realize the negative consequences of their obsolete management style. In this case study, the main purpose is to examine the methods implemented at the firm and suggest a substitute impactful approach to resolve the various issues that had surfaced up at the Ford facility. In the past, Sharonville transmission plant’s torque converter line was failing to ...

Concept of Falsifiability and the History of Science

Falsifiability as a concept in philosophy was introduced by Karl Popper to test scientific concepts. For instance, philosophy is much concerned with determining the manifestation of truth in any accepted fact by employing philosophical methods. On the other hand, science has been in the limelight of investigating the facts using the empirical justification. In this precept, philosophy and science have a common obligation to identify the facts of ideas as presented (Popper 13). According the senses from the concept of falsifiability, every claim that assures truth of any fact must be meticulous and provide every meaning in a way ...

Question 1: Kuhn does not think that scientific theory choice is determined solely by evidence. Why not? Why can’t evidence force theory change, and what other considerations get involved?

Scientific theory choice is determined by several factors rather than just the presence or absence of evidence. These factors that determine the choice of a theory are according to Kuhn, an influence of the community of scientists rather than a decision of a single scientist. Kuhn argues that in the presence of two theories that do explain a similar scenario, the choice of the more virtuous theory is down to a group of practitioners designing several weighting preferences upon which the virtuous theory can be decided. The strength of evidence is not in this case considered as a factor of choice of a theory. According to ...

1. How does a Federal court decide on the admissibility of scientific testimony? Federal courts follow a set of universal guidelines termed as the Federal Rules of Evidence, governing the admissibility of scientific testimony . Although all federal courts abide by the Frye standard, they may not necessarily interpret the meaning in the same way. The federal courts follow the Daubert’s standard, which contains two components . The first element is the fact that to be regarded relevant, a scientific testimony should ‘’logically advance the material component of the case”. The second element of the Daubert’s analysis targets the reliability of ...

I. Introduction In this research paper, the relationship between science and religion is examined in terms of the potential for a harmonious coexistence. This is an old debate and currently it is a vitally significant one. The view of science and religion as warring enemies has historic roots. The Catholic Inquisition was known to persecute and execute people considered heretics because of their belief in science and scientific things. The Church found science as an explanation offensive. Galileo Galilei is one of the most well known of the victims of the Inquisition. He was imprisoned and forced to do penance ...

Global Warming Myth

Global warming is one of the biggest threats facing humanity and it is vital to understand its history and the pieces of evidence that will support the theory (Maslin 17). Global warming has been in existence for more than one hundred years but it was only during the late 1980s that it has been taken seriously as a world issue. The delay in recognizing global warming threat is due to the power of the global average temperature data. The temperature can be determined by taking into account the land-air and sea-surface temperature. It was during 1940s to 1970s that the ...

Module 6: evolution part 1

Describe three ways in which natural selection can affect a population over time

- directional selection - stabilizing selection - Disruptive selection In directional selection, the phenotype is favored over genotype causing allele to move in one direction and hence creating certain traits in an organism. The favored alleles are therefore dominant over the other alleles. For example, in a community that consist of bird with a length of 2cm and grain eater, after a long period and a change of food available the length of beak can change gradually. The dominant allele leads to the required change in the shape ...

Module 6: evolution part 1

Describe three ways in which natural selection can affect a population over time

- directional selection - stabilizing selection - Disruptive selection In directional selection, the phenotype is favored over genotype causing allele to move in one direction and hence creating certain traits in an organism. The favored alleles are therefore dominant over the other alleles. For example, in a community that consist of bird with a length of 2cm and grain eater, after a long period and a change of food available the length of beak can change gradually. The dominant allele leads to the required change in the shape ...

The contribution of Alfred Wegener

William C. McCullough LAIS 370 History of Science Colorado School of Mines Abstract This paper discusses the role of Alfred Wegener in the discovery of the Plates tectonics theory. It is believed that the modern day plate tectonics theory is an advancement of continental drift theory which was discovered by Wegener. The study will seek to explore his efforts and contribution to modern science and how he has helped to shape the world.

Overview

Plate tectonics also known as continental drift theory describes that the earth was at one time many years back a super continent whereby ...

Research is an integral part in evaluating current practices in health services. This involves establishing facts in order to reach new conclusions through the use of scientific inquiry. There are several key characteristics in the process of scientific inquiry in health services research which improve health care services. These include positivism, scientific theory, empiricism, objectivity and ethical standards.

Positivism

Positivism is based on the assumption that life exhibits regular patterns and not comprised of a collection of totally random events. Randomness does exist, but predicable patterns of regularity have been established through the research of natural phenomena. Laws of natural order ...

Introduction

The term human evolution refers to the gradual process through which human beings developed from simple to complex humans a process which took millions of years. The question on how we came to be is one of the compelling and mysterious questions which have been disturbing the minds of different scientist and even the normal beings. In order to come up with a comprehensive answer regarding human evolution, many pertinent questions have to be answered. For instance, what lead human being to evolve their marvellous intellect? Why are we somehow different with our closest relatives? These questions among others are some ...

Introduction

A theory is used to explain a particular phenomenon in the world. The theory explains the reasons for the existence of the world. A theory must be consistent and correct for it to be successful. Theories are of two types, scientific theory and theory in general. A scientific theory is applied when the object of the study under consideration is measurable. Studies of ethics, knowledge and truth require theories in general. The philosophical theory is a type of theory in general. It accounts for the general philosophy. The philosophical theory comprises of statements which are believed to be true by the ...

Phylogenetic family tree is characterized by the lineage through which the present man originated from. The origin of the humans emanated from a single common ancestor through a transition process that culminated into the present man. The tree starts with a common ancestor then branches of to different species as time passed by. The phylogenetic family tree takes the form of evolution where there is a common shared ancestor. The report explores the sequence of events that led to the existence of the modern man (Futuyma 84). The human evolution forms the basis of origination of all human beings on earth. The ...

Phylogenetic family tree is characterized by the lineage through which the present man originated from. The origin of the humans emanated from a single common ancestor through a transition process that culminated into the present man. The tree starts with a common ancestor then branches of to different species as time passed by. The phylogenetic family tree takes the form of evolution where there is a common shared ancestor. The report explores the sequence of events that led to the existence of the modern man (Futuyma 84). The human evolution forms the basis of origination of all human beings on earth. The ...

Biological evolution is termed as any genetic change in a population that is passed on over successive generations. These genetic variations are not consistent as they may be large or small, prominent or not noticeable at all. To sum it up, biological evolution highlights how life has changed over time. Arguments of this theory have been advanced by Charles Darwin. His premise was of a scientific nature where he postulated biological evolution by means of Natural Selection. Charles Darwin’s Natural Selection is based on three assumptions about organisms namely: survival, adaptation and reproduction. This theory, however, has received criticism from ...

Science word instigates from “scientia” which is a Latin name with the meaning of acquaintance. Science therefore is the acquaintance gained in the course of the progression of learning and applying what has been learned. The structures of attaining the knowledge are by the application of examination, explanation for demonstrations and enlightenment on the natural occurrences. From that, philosophy of science deals with the assumptions and methods of science as per the worth of science. It gets it support form a common quote that says that philosophy of science is useful for scientists as ornithology is to birds. This paper will ...

Over recent years, there has been much debate as to whether evolution rather than, or in addition to, creationism should be taught in public schools. There are many groups and individuals on both side of the argument. Interestingly, some scientists are in favour of the teaching of creationism, though the vast majority are not. Although it is generally agreed that there is no scientific fact to support the notion of creationism, many believe that it should be taught to students as an alternative viewpoint. However, evolution is scientifically proven and therefore all children in public schools should be taught ...

Like Clockwork: Seeking Intent and Intelligence in Design and Adaptation

Proponents of intelligent design assert that life is far too variegated and complex to have evolved without the presence of an overarching, creative intelligence. In this essay, I will argue that intelligent design need not, ipso facto, proceed from a fundamentally creationist perspective any more than must Darwinian theory and that both can be put forth as scientific theory. The presence of coherent and purposeful information within nature serves as evidence of intelligence and, as such, precludes the possibility that happenstance, or “accident,” alone is at work in nature. I will conclude that evolution and the adaptability of species, and ...

Arguably, it is not possible to precisely define “science” since it has many facets. However, it is very important to note that science entails a set of principles that have been proved which can be used in giving explanations of facts and phenomena. As a matter of fact, numerous theories have been developed by various scholars in various academic fields in the attempt to address various issues in these fields, (Wade, 2005). Generally these theories can be categorized as either scientific or non scientific. However, debates have emerged lately concerning whether or not certain theories should be categorized under “scientific theories.” ...

Abstract

The issue of whether creationism should be taught in schools is one of contention. Many people believe that as many people believe in creationism, it should therefore be part of education and, in particular, part of science lessons in schools. However, there is strong opposition to this, mainly with the argument that creationism is not based on scientific fact and therefore should not be part of a science lesson. Overall, it appears that creationism should be taught as a world view in religious education classes, but not in science subjects.

Over recent years, there has been much debate as to whether creationism ...