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The NEC (National Electrical Code) standards also referred to as NFPA 70 is an adoptable standard implemented regionally in the United States for the safe installation of electrical equipment and wiring. The standard is developed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) as part of the series of standards it publishes known as the National Fire Codes. The NFPA is a global non-profit trade association founded in 1896 and is dedicated to preventing injury, death, property damage and economic losses due to electrical hazards, fire, and other related hazards. The organization delivers knowledge and information via the more than ...

Software engineering over the past decade has seen a tremendous drop in their level of professionalism. Risk factors associated with the decline in professionalism level are poor software qualities, a high cost of software development, failed deadline, poor implementation, poorly coordinated stages of software development, lack of proper staff motivation, and low return on investment. More surprisingly, a lot of unqualified and inexperienced software developers regularly are being hired to run software development at the expense of qualified software developer who has abandoned the industry and left to ruin. Statistics indicates that over 80 percent of software developments projects ...

Introduction

How materials behave is dependent on various factors, some of which include their mechanical properties. When the material experiences various loading conditions, its behavior reflects its mechanical conditions as well as the effect of the loading conditions. When a material experiences various loading conditions, the material experiences either shear stress, tensile strength, or compressive strength. The tensile properties of a material relate to its ability support any axial loads to which it is subjected without rapturing (Department of Engineering. 2007). When a material is subjected to tensile stress, the deformation that occurs is in the form of elongation or ...

Results

Deflection per Unit Load (mm/kN) The following method is used to calculate the deflection per unit load in mm/kN from the slope of the graph. Slope=y2-y1x2-x1=6.41-1.2820.19-0.03=32.05kNmm Deflection=132.05=0.0312mmkN

Strain per Unit Load (µƐ/kN)

The following method is used to calculate the strain per unit load in µƐ/kN from the slope of the graph. For Strain (positive) Slope=y2-y1x2-x1=6.41-1.28242-6=0.142kNμε Strain=1slope=10.142=7.042μεkN

For Strain (negative)

Slope=y2-y1x2-x1=6.41-1.28246-8=0.135kNμε Strain=1slope=10.135=7.407μεkN

Calculations and Discussion

Stress The following method is used to calculate stress per unit load in N/mm2/kN from the strain measurements. Stress=StressLoad=8.61×106-1.23×1066.41-1.282=1.439×106N/mm2kN Stress=StressLoad=9.43×106-1.64×1066.41-1.282=1.519×106N/mm2kN

The following method is used to calculate the theoretical value of maximum stress.

Maximum stress=MomentElastic Modulus Moment=Load×Distance=1kN×378.5mm=378.5 kN.mm Maximum stress=MomentElastic Modulus=378.574.94×10-6=5.05×106N/mm2kN The values of the above ...

Results

Deflection per Unit Load (mm/kN) The deflection per unit load in mm/kN is calculated from the slope of the graph as follows. Slope=RiseRun=y2-y1x2-x1=6.4113-1.282260.2-0.04=32.0565kNmm Deflection per unit load=1slope=132.0565=0.031195mmkN

Strain per Unit Load (µƐ/kN)

The strain per unit load in µƐ/kN is calculated from the slope of the graph as follows. For Strain (+) Slope=RiseRun=y2-y1x2-x1=6.4113-1.2822642-7=0.146544kNμε Strain per unit load=1slope=10.146544=6.8239μεkN

For Strain (-)

Slope=RiseRun=y2-y1x2-x1=6.4113-1.28226-48-(-8)=-0.128226kNμε Strain per unit load=1slope=1-0.128226=7.799μεkN

Calculations and Discussion

Stress The stress per unit load in N/mm2/kN is calculated from the strain measurements as follows. Stress per unit load=StressLoad=8.61×106-1.435×1066.4113-1.28226=1.399×106N/mm2kN Stress per unit load=StressLoad=-9.84×106--1.64×1066.4113-1.28226=-1.599×106N/mm2kN

The theoretical value of maximum stress is calculated as follows.

Theoretical maximum stress=MomentElastic Modulus Moment=Load×Distance=1kN×657.5mm=279 kN.mm Theoretical ...

Within a refrigeration system, the inside of the refrigerator is known as the cold-air reservoir, while the area surrounding the outside of the refrigerator is the hot-air reservoir. A refrigerator works by sucking the heat out of the cold-air reservoir and dumping it in the hot reservoir. The work to do this process is supplied by an electricity-powered compressor that is connected to a wall outlet. The efficiency of a refrigeration system can be estimated with a ratio known as the coefficient of performance, or COP. The COP is given by the benefit divided by the cost, or

Where ...

Q1. A 200mm diameter pipeline divides into two smaller pipelines, one being 100mm in diameter and the other being 150mm in diameter. If the velocity in the 100mm pipe is 0.3m/s and that in the 150mm is 0.6m/s, calculate the flowrate in litres/s and the velocity in m/s in the 200mm pipe. [ 13 l/s, 0.413m/s] Solution: Flow Rate = (pi/4)(0.1)2(0.3) + (pi/4)(0.15)2(0.6) = 0.01296 cubicmeters/sec = 12.96 l/sec. (ans.). Velocity = (Flow Rate)/(Area) = [0.01296]/[(pi/4)(0.1)2] = 0.4125 m/s. Q2. If the specific volume of water is 0.001251 m3 /kg. calculate:

The mass and weight ...

Respondent preparation for the project design

As the respondent to Tuzigoot National Monument NM and Rio Vista, CA projects, I believe I am fully equipped with the necessary knowledge and the vital information required in the commencement and development of the project in terms of designing and mapping. The fundamental tension behind a sustainable development of the Tuzigoot National Monument NM and Rio Vista, CA projects is between the lines of the pressure of human activities and the environment (Gorse, Johnston, and Pritchard, 145). As the respondent, I believe the most important factor that draws the lines between the environment and the human activities is ...

The world is realizing the impacts of global warming and energy crisis and moving towards solutions that can help them to overcome these issues. The Pertamina Energy Tower is such a project that is in the construction process in Jakarta, Indonesia and the completion date of the project is in 2020. The renowned American architectural firm Skidmore, Owings, and Merril LLP (SOM) is involved in the project. The total area is 495,000 square meters with a site area of 57,512-meter square. The building will have 99 floors with the height of over 500 meters. The building will ...

Sustainable energy building: It incorporates several natural factors for sustainability. The presented design will allow the building to harvest wind energy through an opening at the top and integrated wind turbines. The wind funnels will be used to produce energy from predominant air currents. The design of the building presents sustainability gains at its core (Kibert 25). Energy generation techniques: The design capitalizes on Indonesia’s extensive familiarity with geothermal energy, leverage the neighboring campus as a reserve for generating and conserving energy, and shaping the building itself to focus ambient wind into the wind turbines integrated into the ...

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Line 1: clc command clears all data in the command window.

Line 2: clears the system memory, removes the data from workspace. Line 3: closes all the files. Line 4: leaves the line blank. Line 5: forms variable N and fills it with the data from the file “note.txt”. Line 6: forms variable E and fills it with the data from the file “elem.txt”.

Line 7: leaves the line blank.

Line 8: returns NN variable, which is the length of the largest array dimension in N. Line 9: returns NE variable, which the length of the largest array dimension in E. Line 10: leaves the line blank. Line 11: assgins the value 2.1∙106 to ...

Can he change the geographic lines of the different AQCRs so as to attract more industry? How?

It is the responsibility of the states to designate the location of the AQRCs after confirming with the national government. In perspective, I would advise the newly elected governor to petition EPA to relocate and redraw the geographic lines of AQCRs. The directions of this proceeding must, however, align with the requirements of the federal government, which implies that due consultations must be made before placing the modifications. Usually, revisions of the placements are approved to SIP depending on its estimated effects and results expected from the new locations. In this case, the governor wishes to relocate in order ...

Introduction

I would like to show in this discussion that Maxwell’s Demon does not violate the second law of thermodynamic but violates the first law (Angus, Armstrong, and Reuck).This can be shown by demonstrating that Maxwell’s Demon Process (MDP) can be turned to a step process which is a reversible cycle. According to the Maxwell’s Demon Process, An ideal gas is contained in a very tough or rigid walled container is divided into two halves using a rigid partition with a hole or a trap door on it. The vessel and the trap door should be ...

Introductory remarks

With the depletion of crude oil deposits across the world becoming a reality with every new day, the world has been forced to start looking at alternative sources of oil. One of these unconventional sources of oil is the bitumen oil found in oil sands. Canadian oil sands have been identified as the second largest oil reserves in the world after those in Saudi Arabia. Most of these oil sands are found in the province of Alberta. These oil reserves are estimated to be an approximate 175 billion barrels of bitumen and sit across an area of 140,800 ...

Impact Testing of Metals

Abstract Impact testing of metal experiment was conducted by performing Charpy V-notch impact tests and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the three metallic samples was established. Three samples of metals were studied ( 1018 hot-rolled steel, brass and aluminum) to assess the Charpy V-notch impact energy as a function of temperature and the ductile-brittle transition temperature. The DBTT for the sample tested were recorded as follows: -109F, 32F, 71F, 140F and 205F respectively. From the results obtained, it is evident that the fracture energy varies with the original temperature of the specimen under investigation. For Steel, the highest fracture energy ...

Introduction

Weighing machines have long been used for measuring weights of various objects. The basic principle behind weight measurement is balancing of force due to gravity of an object with some known standard. You could easily find weight of small objects by using standard weighing balances having pair of pans i.e. one carrying the object to be weighed and the other is used to put loads of known weights until machine is balanced. This method cannot be applied on large scales involving heavy machinery, vehicles, or even humans. Another traditional method of weighing involves balancing force of an object due ...

If a fuel mixture can be represented by the general formula CxH2x, prove that the stoichiometric gravimetric air/fuel ratio is 14.8:1.

The combustion reaction for a given fuel mixture will look as follows:

CxH2x + 1.5x(O2 + 3.76N2) → xCO2 + xH2O + 1.5x*3.76N2 The molar ratio is 1.5x:1, to find the gravimetric ratio, the masses of the air and fuel should be found. This can be done by multiplying molar ratio with molar weights of the fuel and air. m(fuel) = 12*x + 2x*1 = 14x m(air) = 1.5x(16*2 + 3.76*14*2) = 1.5x*137.28 = 205.92x The gravimetric stoichiometric air/fuel ratio then is 205.92x:14x = 14.71:1 The dry exhaust gas analysis from an ...

Introduction

Economics of Sustainability is the ability to maintain a distinct level of economic growth indefinitely. Even though economics have conventionally stated economy and the ecological systems as different fields, the economic aspects of sustainability try to view the environment and economy as incredibly interlinked multifaceted systems. It gives more information on how the economic portion of the integrated system is transformed to be sustainable. Economically, sustainability provides an establishment of actions to be done by the present people that will not weaken the predictions of the future people to enjoy levels of wealth, consumption, or utility (Huesemann 547). Sustainability ...

55 Gallon Plastic Drum 55 Gallon Plastic Drum 55 gallon plastic drums are conveniently used in industry and agriculture. Therefore, the used or worn out drums can be recycled, and the quantity of the plastic feedstock is significant. Recycling has several aspects of the environmental impact. Firstly, when the used drum is recycled, it is not stored at the landfill sites, and thus no water or land pollution takes place. Secondly, it becomes a secondary resource, and therefore less primary resources are used. Thirdly, the environmental impact of the recycling process should be taken into the account: if recycling ...

Bullwhip Effect

Supply chain management constitutes of complex tasks and includes companies that transfer goods from initial raw material stage to finished goods to retailers. The most common reasons that supply chain companies stumble is when the customer demands and market conditions fluctuate or shift. The bullwhip effect is caused when supply chain companies are not able to manage their orders . The change in consumer demand and market fluctuations cause different supply chain companies to order more products/goods to achieve or meet the demand. The most common reason for the difference in orders is that companies base the demand for goods ...

Different robotic devices seem to be entering our everyday life, though their use is still largely confined to the field of science. One of the scientific branches, that is rapidly developing is rehabilitation robotics. Rehabilitation robots are meant to help people exercise, especially after sustained injuries or as a result of chronic diseases. (Munich, 2011) There are already quite a few devices that have been successfully used in medicine. One of them is the so called Hand of Hope. It is an exoskeleton hand, which is supposed to train the hand and fingers of patients. Another example is ‘wearable ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

Definition of Coatings

Coating is the process whereby one material is used to continuously cover another surface. According to Dewo et al. (2015), coating is a surface modification approach that involves the addition of a new material onto the surface of a substance or element that is at risk of corrosion.

Formula: Rusting of Iron.

iron + oxygen + water ==> hydrated iron(III) oxide (RUST) 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + xH2O(l) ==> 2Fe2O3.xH2O(s)

Different Types of Coatings

The process of coating utilizes multiple films of coatings as primers and top layers. The purpose of each layer is particular; however, the layers often interact with one another (Özçam et ...

Abstract

Working in a team presents an opportunity for someone to teach as they learn. I realized that I had good communication skills when we started the project, and I helped in the appointment of the team leader. Taking meeting minutes is not as complicated as most people think, it only matters that one makes sure that they are very attentive during the meeting. The use swabs to create a platform provided a challenge of working with fragile raw materials, to make structures that are strong and creative. Working with glue to wax the buds of the swabs enabled us ...

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Background research Artificial limbs (arms and legs) or the prostheses are intended to perform the degree of the normal function to the amputees. The mechanical devices enable the amputees to walk or to continue using the hand(s) as normal. According to research, artificial limbs date back in 600 BC when armorers created the first prostheses using cumbersome and inflexible iron. Artificial hands intricate imitations of the real hands. Amputees themselves started making their limps after losing such parts. Research shows some amputees lost arms and legs during civil wars and accidents. Indeed, the twentieth century has seen ...

Re: extended definition of solar power and nuclear power

Purpose This memo is an extended definition of solar power and nuclear power as sources of energy. Introduction Solar power is energy from the sun. This energy is harnessed by collecting sunlight and converting it to electricity (Winter et al. 4). The cells found in the solar panels make this conversion possible. The conversion of sunlight to electricity can either be done indirectly by the use of a concentrated solar panel or directly by use of the photovoltaic cell. Nuclear power, on the other hand, utilizes nuclear reactions to produce nuclear energy (Murray 495). This energy is found in ...