Essays on Adenine

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Introduction

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a very influential technique that helps in amplifying the specific segments of DNA. This biochemical procedure is performed in-vitro that is quite different from cloning. This technique is a fusion of synthesis protocol of distinct repeated segments of DNA and thermostable DNA polymerase application that has given scientists a very potent analytical, immunological and molecular technique used prevalently in clinical laboratory science (Garibyan & Avashia, 2013). PCR is based on three primary steps that include denaturation of the template into single strands, annealing ...

Biology

(Department)

DNA and its importance in our lives

Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long linear polymer located in the nucleus of a cell. It is developed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix. It is related to the transmission of hereditary information from one generation to the second generation. DNA contains the information for the development as well as reproduction of an organism, thereby leading to a normal life. In the year 1953, James Watson, a biologist, and Francis Crick, a physicist, discovered the structure of DNA in a laboratory in England (LEROY, 2003). The structure of DNA helped scientists to know the process ...

DNA, the basic unit of inheritance, has a long history which takes us thousands of years back into the past. It is highly important to have apt knowledge of DNA. In its truest sense, our knowledge of DNA begins with the results of the experiment conducted by Gregor Mendel in the year 1857. He is known by the name of “Father of Genetics”. The study of genetics was further taken ahead by Friedrich Miescher upon his discovery of a substance which he called as nuclein in the year 1869. Later on, he progressed with his experimentations and discovered another ...

Discovery of DNA Structure

Introduction Discovery of DNA was a landmark period in science history that generated further tremendous discoveries. Thanking to this groundbreaking discovery, it was possible to explore the impact of genetic information on the diseases, behavior, and personality. While there are a lot of disputes around the link between DNA and personality features or the ability to create lively beings with the help of DNA mapping, the discovery of the double helix structure opened the doors to the unimaginable dimensions of scientific abilities. It is believed that DNA has been discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in the 1953, ...

Introduction

In addition to their important roles in natural environ- ments, microbial enzymes can be highly specific in their activity and thus are increasingly useful in industrial applications. Enzymes from aquatic bacteria adapted to moderate and high temperatures have already figured in a variety of applications, including polymerase chain reac- tion (PCR), laundry detergents, protein recovery and organic synthesis (e.g. Mullis and Faloona, 1987; Adams and Kelly, 1995). Although enzymes with optimal activity at cold temperatures have been understudied compared with their heat-stable counterparts, increasing attention is being paid to cold-active enzymes as potential applica- tions are revealed Enzymes are ...

Investigating how light intensity will affect the rate of photosynthesis, with the help of DCPIP, in Spinach leaves.

The aim of this experiment is to find out how the rate of change of light intensity affect the photosynthesis in spinach leaves. Successful farming of food crops is very essential for both the nutritional and financial health of a nation. Governments of almost every nation invest land and labour to crop farming, as much as is possible, keeping in mind the other needs of a country. But, however, due to many reasons the maximum crop yield possible is not always achieved. For the production of a healthy crop certain conditions are necessary. The primary among these conditions are ...

Full title- A COMPARISON OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF METAL IONS

Enzymes are an essential part for the functioning of the human system. Most of the enzymes require binding of metal ions and other non-protein components for their appropriate functioning. Such non proteins, which facilitate the functioning of enzymes, are called cofactors. The cofactors can be an organic cofactor as Thymine Pyrophosphate (TPP), Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), Nicotinamide Adenine dinucleotide (NAD); or inorganic cofactors like metal ions, Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Iron-sulphur clusters. When the enzyme is bound to a cofactor, ready to carry out its function, it is known as a ‘Holoenzyme.' An enzyme without a ...

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, is the primary structure that carries the genetic material in cells of living organisms and some viruses. The DNA is made up of strands of nucleotides that are made up of nitrogenous bases, a phosphate compound and, a ribose sugar. The nucleotides form a ring or ladder that over lapses to form double helix strands of polynucleotides. DNA aggregates to form the chromosomes that are strictly found within the nucleus of the cell. Some DNA are found in the ribosomes outside the nucleus. In the DNA structure, the series of the bases is arranged, and the sequence in one ...

Lab 1: Ethical Issue in the Movie Gattaca. The epicentre of ethical issues in the movie Gattaca is the manner in which an individual ought to be judged. Should it be by the genetic composition one is born with or by the character traits, personality attributes and ambitions chosen by an individual? Vincent is born with genetic weaknesses that could result in ailments in the future. His genetic composition denies him access to his dream job despite the fact that he achieves the required grades in school and is a strong and athletic young man. As a result, Vincent designs a plan to ...

Proposal for enhancing the sensor performance or make nanowire sensor more selective and sensitive for cancer cells or for DNA.

Abstract An experiment to show how different amount of estrogen receptors requires detailed and sensitive procedures to reveal the difference between subtle in DNA binding affection. Si-NW biosensors better exposure in finding out nuclear withdrawals in cancerous cells. Extreme hypersensitive disclosure of protein-DNA synergy. A proposal in making Nanowire sensors being more selective and sensitive. Electrical implementation of Silicon-nanowire field-effect sensitive for usage in discovering cancer. Array relationship between receptors and nanowire sensors.

Introduction

[2] Cancer detection or finding cure for DNA disease have become two of the famous areas in medicine, which scientists are likely to investigate in. ...

October 24, 14

Summary of the article Biochemistry - the science that studies carbon compounds with other organic elements and the laws of their transformation. This science studies the chemicals, their structure and distribution in the body. There are three subdivisions of biochemistry: - Chemistry of life - Study of activities on the molecular level - Studying chemical processes within the living organisms. Biochemistry is generally applied in 3 spheres: Medicine(with the help of biochemistry new cures are being constantly created), Food industry(is used for nutrition) and Agriculture( it is applied for increment of crop ...

Abstract

Obesity is a heritable and genetically influenced disorder. Recent studies have proved that obesity is a biochemically driven neurological disorder. Obesity has a complex and heterogeneous genetic and phenotypic manifestation. Familial obesity is monogenic and common obesity is polygenic. Leptin and its receptor (LEPR), the α-melanocortin-stimulating hormone receptor (MC4R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and prohormone subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) are some of the single genes involved in monogenic obesity. Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 gene (GAD2) gene is thought to be part of a polygene system resulting in common obesity. GAD2 coding sequence is present on chromosome 10p locus and encodes for a protein GAD65. This protein catalyzes ...

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Polymerase chain reaction known as PCR was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983. It is a Molecular Diagnostic technology used for amplification of DNA. A single copy of DNA can be amplified to higher magnitudes with a thousand copies of a single DNA sequence. PCR has now been developed as a Molecular Diagnostic tool for Cancer and mainly to detect the early onset of leukemia or lymphomas. It is widely used as a diagnostic tool in the field of microbiology and is also utilized in detection of infectious micro-organisms y detecting specific disease causing genes. In the year 1993, Mulis was awarded the Noble ...