Essays on Solar Radiation

(Tutor’s Name) (Assignment)

Summary Report 1

What factors contributed to the problem? Volcanic activity is a major contributing factor to the issue of climate change. The eruption of volcanoes leads to the release of large quantities of water vapor, ash, dust, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, these sulfur dioxide molecules will react with water vapor leading to the formation of sulfuric acid, which is then spread all over the world through winds. The sulfuric acid formed in the atmosphere can significantly affect the amount of solar radiation entering the Earth’s surface and thereby the ...

Introduction

Every parent envisions a future where their children and grandchildren live in a rich and resourceful environment that essentially provides them with everything that they need to survive. However, what if parents were informed of a pending doom where their children will live in an extremely toxic environment where there aren't enough basic resources such as fresh drinking water or where the climate is comprised of harsh conditions that threaten their lives on a daily basis? What if they were informed that by the time their children are adults, a diverse range of the existing species of animals will ...

[City and State]

Introduction

Structures such as large buildings can create its own unique internal environment that can significantly impact the comfort and health of its occupants. After many years of investigating and studying building infrastructures, engineers and designers have increased their understanding and knowledge on the environmental conditions that exists within the building in relation to its physical properties. For the same reason, a solid background in building physics is an integral part of a building’s design, particularly in this modern era wherein green buildings are the rising trend. Most modern buildings integrate building physics prior to construction ...

at Rex Hill Winery

Management of Rex Hill Winery has been highly concerned about climate change. They have heard about the Solar Sprint campaign to go solar now before the federal tax credit expires at the end of 2016. They also knew about the other incentives available on installation of solar electrical systems. Considering environmental benefits, they desired to install a PV solar panel system at their property. However, they wished to take a final decision on the project based on a feasibility study. As Rex Hill’s consultant, I have been entrusted the job of preparation of a ...

Global warming is the excess greenhouse effect caused by various factors that rise earth’s temperature beyond an optimum level, causing adverse impacts to the biosphere. Earth’s temperature is determined by the amount of solar radiation received from sun, radiation reflected or absorbed by various gases in the atmosphere as well as various surface features such as snow, water bodies, built environment etc. (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). Natural as well as anthropogenic factors contribute to global warming and associated climate change.

Natural Vs. Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change

Global surface temperature increases occur due to natural causes such as sunspots and Milankovitch cycles. Milankovitch ...

Solar Energy

Solar Energy Background What can be more useful for humanity if not an unlimited power source, which we can use without any harm to the environment? Probably nothing, but solar power. Humanity has always tried to conquer the unlimited power of the sun – the history of solar technology dates back to the 7th Century B.C. and continues to this day. In the beginning, we tried to concentrate the sun’s heat by using glass, mirrors or other devices to light fires. From those times, we greatly progressed, but still we did not conquer this magnificent source of power. Why ...

Is Climate Change Caused by Human Action

Introduction Are humans responsible for climate change? While it is evident that climate change is a result of different factors which when combined produce a hazardous effect, human action is considered to be the main cause of global warming. Numerous studies show that various human activities produce gas that traps heat which results in most of the increase in globally averaged temperatures. Clearly, atmospheric warming and cooling did not begin with people. It used to occur long before the rise of humankind through natural activities, such as volcanic eruptions, changes in the sun’s intensity and the already existing ...

Global warming and climate change are two different terms that have been used over the years to describe different phenomena. Global warming refers to a subsequent increase in the global average temperature (Black & Weisel 5). On the other hand, climate change refers to global climate changes due to increasing average global temperatures brought by changes in rain patterns, increased drought and heat waves. These future projections in the change of global rainfall patterns can be derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports over the years. The argument that the use of term global warming has been ...

Introduction

Global warming affects the lives of the people all around the world regardless of geographical location. Global Warming is a consequence of human activities and decisions that are mostly governed by self-interest and material gain. Therefore, as the population in different areas continues to increase, competition to obtain life’s necessities intensifies. In turn, the destructive activities of humans continue to contribute to of Global Warming. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Global Warming is defined as the rising average temperature of the surface of the Earth increases due to emissions resulting from different human activities, ...

Introduction (can be more than one paragraph if you want, but the thesis should still come towards the end of the introduction)

Hook

Global warming has been affecting the lives of the people in all areas around the world regardless of the country’s geographical location. The effects of Global Warming are consequences of man’s activities and decisions that are governed by their personal interests and gains. Therefore, as the population in different areas continue to increase, the competition in obtaining life necessities also heightens, and the number and intensity of destructive activities of man continue to worsen the ...

A pressing issue of climate change triggers the search for solutions to combat it. The scientific community frightens the Humanity with the formidable challenges resulting from global warming and other aspects of climate change. Geoengineering discipline is developing in the attempt to address the problem and mitigate its impacts with the assistance of the most advanced technologies. However, the matter of geoengineering technologies employment has proven to be rather controversial, and the governments of many countries now are facing a choice whether to fund research on geoengineering or to ban it. In this paper, I will weigh pros and ...

The sun contributes more energy than needed for human needs. Solar acts as the most attractive, convenient and cheap source of energy compared to other alternative sources of energy. The solar electric generation process is growing tremendously into a multi-billion dollar industry. Advancements in technology and the increasing demand for energy in the world is pushing engineers towards looking for cheaper and efficient alternative sources of energy. Additionally, the high rate of global warming is making fossil fuel as the sources of energy receive major condemnations from environmental experts. How can engineers make solar electric generation more economical and ...

The article “Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide limits soil storage” states that a recent study was conducted and found that soil carbon is not as stable as once thought, meaning that many global climate change models are in fact not correct (Department of Energy 2015). This article shows that climate models can be improved to properly represent the global carbon cycle. The carbon is not being stored at the rate thought and this study shows that soil carbon has a lower equilibrium for storing carbon. With the results of this study, it brings into question other assumptions made in climate ...

The development of solar energy is based on a use of solar radiation for generation energy. Solar energy is the kinetic energy of the radiation (mainly light) formed by reactions in the solar interior. As its stocks are almost inexhaustible (astronomers counted that the Sun will “burn” some more millions of years), solar energy belongs to a renewable source of energy. In natural ecosystems, only a small part of the solar energy is absorbed by chlorophyll that contains in the leaves of plants and is used for photosynthesis, namely for the formation of organic matter from carbon dioxide and ...

The main purpose of this research paper is to discuss whether there is any proof and evidence of global climate change, as the debates about this question have been conducted until nowadays. First, it should be mentioned here that any climate change is a long-lasting considerable change in any statistical form of weather pattern`s distribution for different time periods that can vary from years and decades to thousands and millions of years. For example, it can be a change in weather conditions, or distribution of them per average conditions. It`s usually caused by different factors of biotic origin like ...

Introduction

Pollution of the environment is one of the oldest problems in the history of civilization. Man has long been considered the environment primarily as a source of resources, seeking to achieve independence from it, to improve the conditions of its existence. While population and the scale of production was small, and very extensive natural spaces, to achieve the goals we were willing to sacrifice some of the untouched nature, exactly as some degree of purity and water. This process in our relatively closed, not unlimited world cannot continue indefinitely. For example, it is estimated that each year for every person ...

Introduction

Global warming is a phenomenon that alters the surface temperature on earth. Consequently, the change in surface temperate results in the changes in climate patterns. Global warming is caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Due to several factors and conditions in the atmosphere, these gases are blocked from escaping into space. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the absorption of solar radiation to the surface of the earth. Both mechanisms lead to the warming of the atmosphere. Therefore, trapped gas combined with solar radiation in the atmosphere cause the warming of the earth’s surface. Examples of greenhouse gases that get trapped ...

Other Details

Abstract There has been an increasing concern among the scientific and geographical communities that the changes currently occurring in the climate are induced by humans. Scientists are also concerned about the ability of humans and other species to adapt to these changes. Indeed, there is an on-going debate about whether humans and other species should adapt to the change or mitigate it. With rapidly rising temperatures around the globe, the chances of sustainability are decreasing. Climate changes as a result of natural forces such as the earth’s rotation around the sun, and changes in the intensity of radiation ...

Solar Power

There are the following ways of generating electricity using solar radiation: use of photovoltaic systems; hot air power - converters of solar energy into the energy of the air flow directed to the turbine generator; solar thermal energy (using the energy generated by the heating of a surface with its subsequent transformation into electrical energy in the steam generators); solar balloon power plants. Electricity produced by the steam generation in the cylinder of the balloon heated by solar radiation. The problem of extraction and processing of solar energy has long worried about the minds of ...

The sun is already shining for several billion years. It gives us light and heat without sending a bill every month. In less than an hour, the sun radiates as much energy to Earth as the entire population of the planet utilizes in one year. The principle of operation of the solar concentrator is based on sunlight focusing on the tank with coolant. The coolant acts as the absorber of solar energy. The temperature in the receiver is high enough, however, the hub is capable of focusing only direct solar radiation, This greatly reduces their effectiveness in foggy or ...

Abstract

The seawater forms 97% of water of the world, and the icecaps account for 2%. The portion of water available for human consumption is barely 0.5% and that also in aquifers. The widening gap between availability and requirement of potable water especially in the Gulf countries has necessitated newer methods and technologies for production of water suitable for human consumption. This situation in the Gulf region has developed due to non- availability of surface water, high growth of population and urbanization, and water depletion. The present paper takes account of the desalinization of seawater plant established in Abu Dhabi ...

Introduction.

Solar radiation is the energy source which has been used by humans in all ages. The discovery of photovoltaic effect brought revolution in the industry. It was discovered by Becquerel in 1839 and the first device based on the principle of photovoltaic effect was developed in 1950. Since the development of first device it has been there has been a major shift in the energy generation industry (Jayakumar). Over the past two decades the solar electricity generation is gaining an increasing market share. Intermittency is being widely addressed and more efforts are made in the development of more efficient storage ...

English

English

Introduction

Global warming refers to the gradual rise in the total temperature of the atmosphere of the earth. The rise in temperature is attributed to the effects of the greenhouse gases, which is caused by an increase in the levels of chlorofluorocarbons, carbon (IV) oxide and other pollutants. Global warming affects the climate system of the earth’s atmosphere by increasing both the terrestrial radiation and the radiation from the sun. The ozone is an essential element in the issue of global warming. The ozone absorbs the heat radiated from the sun and the surface of the earth, leading ...

Figure 1 Structure of solar cell ("Rethinking energy: Towards," 2014) 4 Figure 2 Internal structure solar cell ("Rethinking energy: Towards," 2014) 5 Figure 3 Working principle of solar modules (Rongqiang) 5 Figure 4 Installation mechanism of photovoltaic cell to generate electricity (Rongqiang). 6 Figure 5 Electricity production by PV cell during 1999-2010 (Rongqiang) 6 Figure 6 Worldwide PV installation in the year 2005 (Rongqiang) 7 Figure 7 Classification PV cells, (http://sovoxglobal.com/cell_classification.html) 7 Figure 8 Internal structure of crystalline silicon cell 8 Figure 9 working phenomena of thin film cell 8

Solar Energy: Role of Photovoltaic Cells

Executive ...

[Author]

Abstract

The present review is aimed at providing an understanding on how the workplace contributes to the development of skin cancer. Five reviews (3 epidemiological data reviews, 1 meta-analysis, and 1 article) obtained from PubMed, involving a total of at least 3479 mortality and morbidity in skin cancer. These studies agreed on the initiating role of the workplace in the development of skin cancers, both malignant mesothelioma (MM) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), due to chronic exposure to carcinogens such as asbestos (Rushton, 2012; Boffetta, 2004; Romeo, 2004; ), mineral oils (Rushton, 2012), solar radiation (Rushton, 2012; Hannaford-Turner, Elder, Sim, Abramson, ...

There are two broad categories of energy: renewable and non-renewable sources. In describing alternative sources of energy, we shall limit ourselves to renewable sources, that is, those that cannot be depleted. Examples of renewable sources of energy include solar energy, geothermal, biomass, wind, tidal and many others. The discussion will further be biased on solar energy in this case. The purpose of choosing this alternative is to find out the energy source that is not only environmental friendly but also clean and viable. As far as originality is concerned, solar energy has been utilized by man for thousands ...

Sun plays crucial role in the life of the Earth. The entire organic world of our planet is obliged to the Sun for its existence. It is not only the source of light and heat, but also the original source of many other types of energy (oil, coal, water, wind). Since people appeared on the Earth, they began using the sun's energy. According to archaeological data, it is known that housing preference was given to quiet places, closed from the cold winds and open to the sun's rays. Perhaps the earliest known solar system can be considered the ...

- Introductory Information Fresh Water shortage is a serious concern in arid regions of the world which are defined as dry, sandy regions where rainfall is rare and suffers from sparse vegetation and extreme temperatures. With 80% of the arid regions having serious droughts and nearly 40% of the population of this world residing these regions this is a serious issue transpiring (Prudhomme, 2002). High intensity and less rainfall increases crisis of water as wetlands, reservoirs and river get empty. Global warming adds to the uncertainty in these regions over the availability of water in future. It is becoming evident ...

Introduction

With people becoming more conscious of the detrimental effects of fossil fuel, the demand for green sources of energy is on a rise. The Sun is the source of all the energy in this world. Even if a small percentage of solar irradiance is collected every day then all the problems related to the scarcity of sufficient energy will be solved. However, it is not very easy to collect and store solar energy in an effective way. Solar Collectors also known as Solar Thermal Collectors are designed to absorb solar energy from solar radiation which is then reduced to heat water ...

<Student’s name> <Professor’s name>

Introduction Since the 90s of last century, the European Union as a whole and each of the participating countries have begun to implement various initiatives in the area of ​​climate change. In early 2000, the Commission launches the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP), in which collaboration has been initiated with the industries, organizations for the protection of the environment and other concerned agencies. The purpose of co-operation - identify cost-effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

Why it is Important to Reduce CO2 Emissions?

There are real indications that human activity contributes to the accumulation of " ...

Assignment 01

Question 1 a. Describe global patterns of atmospheric heating and circulation The global circulation of air is responsible for driving some of the ocean currents of the earth and assists in redistributing the solar energy reaching the earth. Thus, it moderates and impacts environments for all earth’s life. Without such redistribution and circulation, the Polar Regions would be colder and the equatorial regions hotter. According to Largen (2003), atmospheric heating and circulation is a result of the interaction of solar energy with the rotating sphere which is planet earth. When solar energy heats a sphere, differential heating occurs. ...

One can compare the Earth to a human being: a being that could grow old, withstand any challenges of being placed in mortal peril and could keep up with the changes of time. However, while the Earth cannot easily succumb to mortal peril like humans, the current threat it is facing may very well be the cause of its death. The threat of global warming or climate change has constantly dominated the scientific community and the public for the past few years since the discovery that the massive carbon emissions coming from man is slowly degrading the ozone layer, which protects ...

Background

Global warming is rise in the average temperatures over the earth’s atmosphere. The sun or solar radiation is the principal source of energy for the earth. Shepardson (23) explains that when solar radiation hits the earth surface some energy is absorbed by the earth while some is reflected back to space. The earth is covered by a natural layer of atmospheric gases which absorb a certain portion of the reflected solar radiation and eventually release it back into space and most of the energy back to the earth. This causes the warming up of the earth’s surface and creates ...

Writing Proposal

Global warming and the effects of pollution is a topic that has been widely researched on by environmentalists. There is a lot of literature on the topic written by different scholars. Working committees from international bodies like the United Nations have also come up with reports detailing the intricacies of global warming and ways of dealing with the issue. In tackling the topic of global warming and the effects of pollution on glaciers, I outline the effects of global warming and air pollution on the environment.

In discussing the effects, I will measures currently in place to mitigate the effects of ...

Thong, Haw-Yueh, and Howard I. Maibach. "Global Warming And Its Dermatologic Implications." International Journal of Dermatology 47 (2008): 522-524. Print

Written by Haw-Yueh Thong and Howard I. Maibach, the article ‘Global Warming and its Dermatologic Implications,’ seeks to demystify the topic of global warming and how it relates to dermatology. The article begins by identifying scientific claims of the role of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrous oxide in increasing global temperatures and leading to general climatic shifts. The article outlines its presentation under three major areas; ‘Global warming and the UV exposure of human ...

Alternative Renewable Energy: Solar Panels

The problem on climate change and the rapid depletion of national energy sources have been a standing problem for the world since the 19th century. Current natural energy sources, mainly fossil fuel and coal, are starting to run out due to the increasing human consumption of both developing and developed countries. While it provides electricity and power to various human activities, the usage of these natural energy sources causes severe environmental hazards that are now apparent in society and ecosystem. In response to the growing hazards of continuous use of fossil fuels/coal and its depleting supply, several proposals had been ...

Introduction

Solar heaters have been popularized in recent years for use in tertiary and residential areas. This has happened mostly in the third world countries. The reason behind this encouragement to use solar heaters is the reduction of cost and improving the performance. This has necessitated the use, and testing of solar heaters to produce hot water. The solar heater is fundamentally made up of tanks that act as solar absorbers ad storage bases for warm water. This is used in glazing to profit the green house effect and the insulating cases. The solar heaters can be made from ordinary ...

Disturbing trends in the climatic condition of the Arctic led to scientists researching this area. Upon close scrutiny the fascinating greening of the Arctic has been observed. From the space, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is an index of vegetation greenness, the circumpolar changes in the tundra vegetation are observed. The NDVI records of the last 29 years were gathered and the Maximum NDVI was derived. According to studies the MaxNDVI was usually observed in August due to many factors such as CO2 fluxes, above-ground biomass, total eco-system production etc. Many other biophysical properties also cause the ...

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are one of the next generation’s renewable energy sources for our world energy demand. PV modules are highly reliable. However, in polluted environments, over time, they will collect grime and dust. There are also limited field data studies about soiling losses on PV modules. The study showed how important it is to investigate the effect of tilt angle on soiling.

The study includes two sets of mini-modules. Each set has 9 PV modules tilted at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 23, 30, 33 and 40o. The first set called "Cleaned" was cleaned every other day. ...

Abstract

Global warming is a natural phenomenon that has resulted in continued increase in temperatures of land masses, water bodies, and atmosphere on earth. This phenomenon has been proved to occur at a rapid rate and would result in negative effects to humanity, environment, and social systems. There is however scepticism in the cause of global warming. One opinion is that it is human induced while the other is that it is just a consequence of climatic change. The paper analyses two opinions bringing out their similarity and differences.

Introduction

“The term ‘global warming’ is used to mean the continued rise in temperature of ...