Atherosclerosis College Essays Samples For Students

Myocardial ischemia or cardiac ischemia is the decrease of blood flow, and thus oxygen supply, in the heart due to partial or complete blockage of the heart’s arteries. Its effects range from damage of the heart muscle (heart failure), to heart attack (myocardial infarction), and to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia). Symptoms of myocardial ischemia may not appear (silent ischemia), or may be characterized by chest pressure or pain (angina pectoris), neck or jaw pains, shoulder or arm pains, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, and nausea and vomiting.
Myocardial ischemia may occur slowly as arteries become blocked over ...

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease of the walls of the artery that comes as a result of accumulation of fatty deposits on walls of the artery leading to an impairment of the flow of blood (Weber & Soehnlein, 2013). With in mind that cardiovascular diseases cause deaths and morbidity in several countries, atherosclerosis can be viewed as a serious disease particularly with regards to the ever increasing cases of obesity.
Notably, there is an apparent relationship between atherosclerosis and heart attack; atherosclerosis most commonly leads to heart attack. The understanding of the relationship between atherosclerosis and heart attack can be best understood ...

Atherosclerosis among African American Teenagers

A summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is brought about by heart and blood vessels disorders (WHO, 2015). There are two underlying mechanisms through which CVDs occur. Fatty deposits (plaques or atheroma) can build up inside an artery causing it to narrow and harden (atherosclerosis) or a blood clot (thrombosis) can reduce blood flow to the heart, brain or body (NHS Choices, n.d.).Risk factors for CVDs include the harmful use of alcohol, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, genetics, and tobacco use. Cardiovascular diseases include raised blood pressure (hypertension), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), coronary heart disease (heart attacks), heart failure, peripheral artery ...

PSYCHOLOGY

Introduction
Over the years, there has been a lot of connection and relations between psychology and biology, and this is one of the aspects that have led to the interrelation of these two principles. Irrespective of the fact that both are independent principles and fields that focus on their own, respective lines of operation, it is necessary to note and learn the fact that both disciplines have a lot of connection and interrelation, and this is mainly, among other reasons, caused by the fact that they are disciplines that deal with the essence of life. In order to understand both ...

Heart disease also known as cardiovascular disease is a term that is used to describe different types of heart conditions. This is a disease that affects the cardiovascular system. The heart disease remains the number one killer disease especially in the U.S. and it is also a major cause of disability in patients. The same heart disease is also the main reason why people develop heart attacks. There are different types of heart diseases, cardiomyopaphy, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, valvular heart disease and stroke just to mention but a few. Even though it is the world’ ...

Abstract

Malta is situated in the central Mediterranean region. Mediterranean region is known to follow the Mediterranean diet; therefore, the incidence of heart diseases is low. Inspite of that, the rate of coronary artery disease (CAD) is very high in Malta. The latest WHO report shows 27.45% of all deaths in Malta due to CAD alone. Maltese have been following a sedentary lifestyle particularly due to lack of breathing space and urbanisation (dependency on motor vehicles and sitting in front of computers for long). Though standardized mortality rate is decreasing in Malta, it is higher than the rate of old EU ...

A total of 57 million deaths were reported worldwide in 2008, and the majority of those deaths were caused by either non-cardiovascular diseases (36 million; 63%) or cardiovascular diseases (17.3 million; 30%) according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The highest mortality rates are associated with ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which account for 45% and 29% of the cardiovascular-related deaths in men and 37% and 33% of cardiovascular-related deaths in women, respectively (see Figure 1). Ischemic heart disease is considered the most common cardiovascular cause of death as it accounts for 7.6 million deaths worldwide (Institute ...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

CVD includes all ailments of the heart and circulatory system, including angina and heart attack. Other CVD diseases include carditis, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disorder. Edmunds (2014), states that CVD develops when there is plaque build-up on vessel walls. The mechanism of CVD differs significantly depending on the disease involved. For instance, coronary artery ailment includes atherosclerosis, and may occur due to hypertension, smoking, overweight, high-fat diet or diabetes. Despite the high deaths caused by CVD, it is approximated that 90 percent of CVDs are preventable (McGill, McMahan, and Gidding, 2008). Atherosclerosis can be decreased by controlling the risk ...

The cardiovascular system consists of blood, the heart, and the circulatory system, which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries. The function of these organs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Each organ system in the body is essential in providing homeostasis in the human body. However, the actions of the cardiovascular system are critical to human life. Many physicians, scientists, and other professionals dedicate their life to the understanding of the cardiovascular system and its diseases so that people can live longer and more productive lives. This paper will discuss the general anatomy of ...

Introduction

The term “risk factor” is very common in epidemiology. In general sense, it refers to a particular variable that is associated with an elevated risk of infection or disease. Since the number of diseases in the world is very large, the number of risk factors is also every large. The risk factors however vary from one disease or infection to another. However, there are a number of risk factors that are very common and play a significant role in many infections. One of these factors is molecular genetics. As the name suggest, molecular genetics is a genre that mainly deals with the functions ...

Lipids are a group of structurally diverse hydrophobic compounds that are not very soluble in water. Cholesterol is a common lipid that can be obtained from the diet and is synthesized in most cells of the human body. It is a component of cell membranes, maintains membrane fluidity, and acts as the precursor of other important biological compounds such as steroid hormones and bile salts (Smith, Marks, and Lieberman 54, 163).
High concentrations of cholesterol in the blood can cause accumulation of fatty deposits on arterial walls that can lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which are associated with heart ...

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Abstract
Smoking is one of the most hated habits of the present generation. It affects almost every part of the body. Over 16 million people in the U.S. are living with some smoking-related disorder. Among the most important problems arising from smoking, include cardiac problems. Smoking is not only related to myocardial infarction, but smoking behavior could increase the chances of a second myocardial infarction, and these chances increase with increased smoking. Moreover, the number of deaths of people, who stopped smoking after CABG, within 20 years, was less as compared to persistent smokers, i.e. 46% ...

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Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT scintigraphy) utilizes nuclear medicine along with gamma rays to get three-dimensional images (NLM, n.d.) of an internal part of the body such as heart with an objective of diagnosing a problem.

SPECT

In SPECT, a gamma-emitting radioisotope is administered into the bloodstream of a patient with the help of injection (Boyd, 2014; Hademenos, 1998). The radioisotope is, usually, a simple soluble ion as, for example, isotope of gallium(III) (Sharma, Prior, Belinsky, Kruh, & Piwnica-Worms, 2005; Wadas, Wong, Weisman, & Anderson, 2010). Most often, a marker radioisotope is also bound to a particular ligand ...

Discussion Question

Discuss one Possible Peripheral Vascular Complication from Pregnancy. Is there a way to prevent this Possible Complication or Treat it?
Peripheral vascular diseases are a set of conditions that primarily affect other blood vessels, apart from those in the brain and the heart (Tendera et al., 2011). PVDs are mostly as a result of narrowed arteries and veins, which restricts the efficient supply of the blood and nutrients to all parts of the body. People with hyperlipidemia, obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes are more predisposed to peripheral vascular diseases, compared to those that do not have those medical conditions. Also, ...

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves peripheral circulation, the brain, and the heart. The disease is a primary health issue in many countries around the world (Sawhney, et al., 2012). CVD develops through complex processes involving novel risk markers and common risk factors. Decades of research have demonstrated that a sibling’s or parent’s family history is linked to the development of atherosclerotic CVD (Gupta et al., 2013; Nelson, 2013; Imes and Lewis, 2014), which manifests as peripheral arterial disorder, stroke, and coronary heart disorder (CHD). Various Mendelian disorders have also been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic CVD. Although ...

The importance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as an integrated intervention for persistent coronary occlusion after myocardial infarction seems to have little indication of any improvements or positive benefits in the long term. When integrated with optimal medical therapy and stent placement there is little indication that in deed PCI affords the patients a higher chance of regression of coronary atherosclerosis (Hochman et al., 2006). In this regard, optimal medical therapy alone indicated significant benefits with particular reference to significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis for any period past the three years upon initiation of PCI. This in some sense ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract
Smoking is one of the most hated habits of the present generation. It affects almost every part of the body. Over 16 million people in the U.S. are living with some smoking-related disorder. Among the most important problems arising from smoking, include cardiac problems. Smoking is not only related to myocardial infarction, but smoking behavior could increase the chances of a second myocardial infarction, and these chances increase with increased smoking. Moreover, the number of deaths of people, who stopped smoking after CABG, within 20 years, was less as compared to persistent smokers, i.e. 46% ...

Cardiovascular Disorders

[Institution’s Name]

Cardiovascular disorders

Cardiovascular disorders are reported to be the leading cause of death. There are numerous grounds of the disorders that are directly related to the environmental and genetic factors of the patients. Each factor has the potential to influence the pathophysiology of patients in a parent that can instigate cardiovascular disorder. The most common observed is atherosclerosis is one such arterial disease that is believed to be directly concerned with the genetics. A number of studies have revealed the interconnection of the genetic factors with the source of the disease. In recent years, the investigation over the spectrum ...

Overview

This case involves the assessment of the client’s problems. The case presents the client’s situations that are relevant to the assessment. In this case, the client’s profile, case study, and pertinent case study questions will be outlined. The following medical terminologies will be employed: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, Amylin, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, hemoglobin A1C level, post-prandial, BMI, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. The data obtained from the assessment will help design a care plan for the client.

Ethnicity: Pacific Islander Lifestyle: Sedentary lifestyle and smoking
Language: English/Austronesian language Any existing disabilities: None
...

Management of the Postsurgical CABG Patient

Management of the Postsurgical CABG Patient
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a recommended treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). In the United Kingdom, around 2.7 million people have been diagnosed with this condition (NHS, 2012). The aim of surgery is to relieve angina and shortness of breath by improving the flow of blood to the heart (Parry et al., 2010). These symptoms cause severe discomfort and distress as well as limit the amount and type of physical activity a patient may engage in.
Surgery helps patients attain a higher quality of life referred to as satisfaction with life ...

Design

The research design utilized in this case was the Pretest-posttest design. This is a design where a single sample of the population is measured using the dependent variable before and after the independent variable has been manipulated. The appropriateness of this type of design in the conduction of the study is clear because of the unique nature of the study where the sample is prone to the exhibition of various dynamics based on the manipulation of the independent variable.

Sampling

The sample population of the research was well defined and incorporated individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) including those with post acute ...

- Chemistry of Cholesterol
C27H45OH is the molecular formula of cholesterol. The molecules consist of three regions: a hydrocarbon tail, a hydroxyl group, and a a ring structure region with 4 hydrocarbon rings.
The solubility of the hydroxyl group in water can be attributed to its polar nature. The 4-ring region that also comprises cholesterol is a common ring in all steroids. The rings have a carbon atom at each corner with two hydrogen atoms that extend off the ring. That is why it is called a hydrocarbon ring. The ring region and the tail region cannot dissolve in water, as they are both ...

Personal Health Risk Assessment

My family has a history of blindness, as my great grandfather was blind. Apart from blindness, deafness is similarly a condition that poses risk in my family because my sister and I are both deaf. I therefore, face a health risk of blindness in the future. Diabetes has a strong relation with blindness. Meningitis on the other hand, is connected with deafness. In this respect, aging and genetic inheritance are the main risk factors that are likely to determine my state of health in the future. Some others risks that I can manage with positive health choices include high blood pressure, diabetes, high or ...

Heart disease, otherwise known as coronary artery disease, is a name given to a side array of conditions that impact the heart. These disease include arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, and. At times, heart disease has been called cardiovascular disease as if the two refer to the same issue. While they both involved the heart and human body, they are not the same. Heart disease refers to the aforementioned issues, among others, while cardiovascular disease refers to blocked, clogged, or narrowing blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease can often lead to an angina, a heart attack, general chest pain, or even a ...

Medium Chain Triglycerides

Introduction
Medium Chain Triglycerides, also known as MCTs, is an exceptional form of fats that can be consumed while dietary nutrition and have a positive impact on health. The “medium” reflects their structure length. Moreover, it may have a significant positive effect on weight management (1). This provided a ground for a large body of research on its beneficial effects and food products that may contain large stock of these chemicals. However, some studies warn that excess MCT oil consumption may lead to problems with cardiovascular system (2).

Literature Review

The Metabolic Syndrome
In 2010, a group of researchers headed by ...

Cover Page

Introduction: For this assignment, I have chosen the topic: Stroke and its prevention for preparing the health information patient hand out. Stroke is a serious health condition and the third leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The handout will help create awareness about the condition in the population at risk. The handout will serve as an excellent source of information on this topic and the user can always refer back to check on this information. Creating awareness and preventing stroke are important as the condition is lethal and causes irreversible brain damage. Most cases of stroke are preventable ( ...

The case study discussed the case of a 52-year-old female of normal height and obese in weight. She had come with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hypertension, acute renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and patent ductus arteriosus (Case Study 2, n.d). She also had a family history of the problems she was suffering with. Ideally, she should have been on the transplant list but due to lack of social support, she was denied getting on the list. The proper course of treatment was taking her step by step as the first step was to ...

Cardiovascular diseases are the illnesses of heart and blood vessels (arteries and veins) (World Health Organization). In fact, there are many different diseases of the cardiovascular system, but I would like to highlight the most common.

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia is a condition in which the frequency, rhythm and sequence of heart contractions are violated. The symptoms occur because of various congenital anomalies, acquired diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as under the influence of vegetative, hormonal or electrolyte disturbances and as a result of the adverse drug action.
Violated heartbeat, weakness and fainting are frequent companions of arrhythmia. The diagnosis ...

Cholesterol is a fat that is needed to build cells, certain hormones and bile acids. Cholesterol synthesis is determined genetically, without it the body cannot fully function, but an excess can have the opposite, negative effect. After the growth of the organism is finished and the cells do not divide so rapidly, cholesterol continues to be synthesized by the liver in the same size. Moreover, a large part of the cholesterol is synthesized in the liver, while smaller part comes with the food.
Fats in general and cholesterol in particular will not dissolve in blood, so to transport them ...

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), stroke is the fifth leading illness that causes death in the United States. It is described as one of the primary causes of adult disability (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Approximately 800,000 people in the U.S alone suffer from a stroke annually. This figure translates to one American dying after every four minutes (Caplan 19). Owing to the serious prevalence the disease represents, the illness has received requisite attention regarding prevention and treatment techniques in an attempt to reduce its incidence. As a result of its quick ...

Organ transplantation makes the duration of life much higher and improves the whole state of health of many people with renal, cardiac or hepatic impairment. Although the one way of treatment of people who have renal insufficiency is dialysis, the best way for such patients is to transplant somebody’s organ. With the insufficiency of the liver, heart and / or lungs transplantation is the only solution. Nowadays this kind of surgeries can be made almost in any country of the world. Some other organs, such as pancreas, small intestine also may be transplanted. Also the surgeon may transplant ...

Abstract

The Type A and Type B personality theory defines people with Type A personality as impatient, impulsive, ambitious, and even hostile or aggressive. People with Type B personality are the opposite of people with Type A personality, which makes them relaxed and easy-going. Because Type A behavior patterns are associated with higher stress levels, researchers have been investigating the association between those behaviors and physical health. This paper examines the association between illnesses and Type A behavior patterns. It also addresses the criticism regarding the role of the tobacco industry in funding Type A behavior patterns research and identifies ...

Coronary Artery Disease or CAD is a prevalent disease not only in the United States but worldwide, affecting and even claiming lives of millions of people every year . The CAD presentation did acknowledge this fact. However, it forgot to mention that the already high rates of CAD-related morbidity and mortality are still continuing to increase every year. That means more and more people are becoming diagnosed with the disease, some of whom even suffer from the condition’s secondary complications such as immobility, etc. This also means higher healthcare costs not only for the affected individuals but also for the ...

QUESTION 1:

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of the death and disability worldwide. For every 10 people, 7 deaths are attributed to chronic disease, such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke (CDC, 2012). In 2005 nearly one out of every two adults had a chronic disease. It accounts for nearly 75% of direct healthcare cost in the United States (Thrall, 2005). The prevalence of chronic disease increases with age, and with the increased longevity of the population the costs of care are rising. Diseases that were once considered to be fatal are now considered to be chronic diseases, such as certain ...