Income Research Papers Samples For Students

Income inequality and poverty

Abstract
A number of international human rights watchdogs recently commented about the increasing gap between the rich and the poor. They argue that while middle classes tend to be gradually transformed into the rich, more and more people cross the line of absolute poverty. Many analysts advocate the idea that the cornerstone of the poverty is
This paper seeks to establish the connections between the concepts of income inequality, operating the regression analysis method. It also discusses the differences between absolute and relative poverty in the context of global campaign for poverty reduction.

Introduction

The concepts of poverty and income Continue reading...

Nominal Personal Income

This is the level of income that is received by individuals from all the sources that generate income, tailored to these individuals in the economic model. The individuals are rewarded for their contribution as factors of production in the production process. Personal income is herein referred to as nominal because it has not been subjected to the implicit price deflator that consequently yields real personal income. Apart from taking part in the production process, nominal personal income is also generated from the receipt of transfers from both businesses and Continue reading...

Individual Income Tax (North Carolina)

Individual Income Tax (North Carolina)
Personal income tax or individual income tax refers to the levied tax on personal income. Here, individual refers to a person, non-juristic body of person, an ordinary person or an individual estate. For an individual to be liable for personal income tax, one has to compute file tax returns, compute tax liability as well as pay the indicated tax as according to the calendar of the year. The individual tax income differs in different states with each state having its own rights of running the tax provided by its residents. This research would look Continue reading...

A major objective in managing the Australian economy is to improve the standard of living of everyone in the community. About one in every nine (over 2.2 million) Australians live in income poverty today. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the 90/10 ratio of disposable income was 4.21 in 2009/10 as compared to 1994/95 when it stood at 3.78 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). The government in collaboration with investors and non-governmental organizations is working to reverse the inequality in Australia.

Statistics on inequality

The ABS also reports that, in 2011, the median personal income of Australians was $577 while Continue reading...

Conventional versus Islamic

Y M

Fin399-P

Dr. N E
Abstract:
The current paper relates financial analysis of commercial and Islamic banks in UAE. The aim of this paper is to evaluate financial performance of commercial and Islamic banks in UAE and make appropriate conclusions regarding comparative advantages and disadvantages of the two groups of the banks. The evaluation between commercial and Islamic banks was carried out with the help of financial analysis. Analysis of financial ratios was used as the main technique of financial analysis in this paper. There were four groups of financial ratios analyzed, namely: liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, Continue reading...

Obesity is a health problem that refers to an individual having too many fats in the body. Obesity is much though confused with being overweight. It is essential to note that a person can be overweight from extra muscle. Today, obesity is at rise due to poor eating methods and evolution with the western way of lifestyle. Obesity affects all types of people every day; however, it is most prevalent in low-income families. However in this paper the main focus will be how obesity affects the low income families. Therefore, the paramount concern will be to discuss on the Continue reading...

Abstract

Today, job satisfaction has become an increasing factor in the labor market in the United States. Job satisfaction can be influenced through different influences this may include race/ethnicity, income levels and home ownership. Analysis of the survey includes different people from demographic levels. It is important to note the different factors that affect job satisfaction. By doing so managers can be able to balance and provide better benefits and allowances to ensure employees are satisfied with their jobs.

Introduction

Job satisfaction is vital in any state and it is considered as one of the key factors that influence the economic Continue reading...

Analysis of Financial Statements of Goldman Sachs

Introduction
A world renowned company, Goldman Sachs is an American Multinational Corporation that deals with the institutional clients offering investment banking, investment management and other related financial services. The following report will analyze some of the crucial items of the financial statements of Goldman Sachs including Earning per Share, Cash Flow Statement, Tax Deferrals, Share based compensation, Employee Compensation Plans. We are sure that by the end of this report, we will be able to have a comprehensive overview of the company’s financial statements.

Amount Disclosed
Footnote Information-Deferred Taxes
Note 24 of the Annual Report is related to Continue reading...

There has been mixed reaction on the determinants of the annual income of truck drivers in the US. Women lobby groups argue that gender significantly determine wages in the US trucking industry to support their claims of gender discrimination. On the other hand, trucking companies in the US have maintained that wages of truck drivers are solely determined by the number of jobs assigned to a truck driver and the number of days spent on travel by the driver. This study sought to examine if gender, the number of jobs assigned to a truck driver and the number of Continue reading...

Validation of Principal Efficacy Survey– Rationale for Adding New Questions to the

ABSTRACT
In the process of validating principal self-efficacy connected to the corroborated Megan Tschannen-Moran Survey, important gaps in the questionnaire exist. The academic work presented here provides the essential and missing questions needing asked by principals in assessing the efficacy of his/her performance as an administrator, innovator, and advocate for quality educational practices in the 21st century. These suggested questions look at principal management abilities, consider the diversity of the demographics of public school learners and their families, professional development necessary for instructors' ability for enhancing teaching, and the critical acknowledgement educational technology.
Key Words: principal, self-efficacy, survey, education, Continue reading...

Occupy Wall Street is a continuing series of protests that were started by a Canadian lobby group called the Adbusters. The protests begun on 17th September, 2011 in Zuccotti Park which is located in the financial district of Wall Street in New York (Stelter 1). The main issues that the demonstrations highlight are corruption, economic inequality, undue influence of large organizations, and high rates of unemployment. Occupy Wall Street is a movement that intends to support a creative strategy for economic justice in the United States of America.

Background

Though the Occupy Wall Street campaign begun officially on 17th September, Continue reading...

Math Studies

Introduction:
In a recent Time Magazine article, Leon Botstein, the President of Bard College wrote that the SAT is biased, and “the only persistent statistical result from the SAT is the correlation between high income and high test scores” (Botstein 2014), In statistical research, there has been an observable relationship between SAT scores and the test-takers’ family income. Generally, the wealthier a student’s family is, the higher the SAT score. Does this hold true for average state mean income and education expenditure invested per student?
The strong correlation has been attributed to a number of factors, better school Continue reading...

Interpreting Market Trends

Data on various market factors will need to be collected for identification of their effect on demand of vehicles in the Australian market. Those factors are summarized as follows

Disposable income is the level of income that households can spend for their consumer purposes. It is the income after taxation whose level determines the income that consumers have at their disposal. In that respect, it is determined by employment level within an economy.

Purchasing power: Price index/inflation:

Purchasing power refers to the ability that the income held has in buying goods and services. The change in purchasing power determines the quantity of goods Continue reading...

Federal income tax refers to the structure of impositions of tax against the incomes of various individuals within the borders of the country (Klein 5). The government therefore exclusively taxes the individual income of all working persons within the borderline of the United States. The federal income tax is bound by the law in all aspects. This therefore implies that all individuals as provided in the guidelines supporting the whole system have an obligation of remitting part of their income to the government annually.

The federal tax income system works in a unique way. Salaries of individuals are taxed Continue reading...

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ISBN 978-0-470-87479-0
Annual Report Project
The Continue reading...

- A summary of the health profile of the specific high-risk family group of teen-obesity with explanation of the high-risk condition and associated behaviors or patterns.
Income gap in the United States has been a great determinant of the quality of life that is led by many families in the United States. People with access to finances are able to afford quality housing, healthcare and are able to live in healthy environments. On the contrary people who have low incomes lead low qualities of life that include the occupation of low income houses, which in most cases are in Continue reading...

Introduction

      With the internationalization of production economic and social progress are becoming increasingly dependent on resolution of global problems. At the beginning of the XXI century these challenges are of vital importance for the future of civilization. The global problems of the world have a direct relationship to the whole humanity and affect the interests and destinies of all countries, nations and social classes, leading to significant economic and social costs, and in the case of aggravation of the situation may directly threaten the very existence of human civilization. These problems require cooperation in the planetary scale and the joint Continue reading...

A tax is a compulsory contribution from an individual to the government. This payment to the government does not usually result to supply of goods and services to an individual. However, tax is important to any country in that it enables the government run its daily activities and in addition, the government is able to provide goods and services that the private sectors are not willing to supply due to the fact that these goods and services are unprofitable or it is not possible to exclude people from consuming the goods (Forbes, 47). The type of tax levied by Continue reading...

Introduction

Switching the United States’ current income tax system would benefit the country as a whole. Therefore, variations of the flat tax that are proposed, some of which set a percentage on income while others set a percentage on sales tax. Those arguing in favour of such tax reforms contend that it will eliminate the complexity of our current system and the loopholes. This will contribute towards boosting of the economy. One such proposal, on which a number of books have been written, is called Fairtax. This is a flat rate sales tax only on new items. For example, if Continue reading...

Gross Domestic Product

GDP is an indispensable macroeconomic indicator for policy makers and economic analysts in the estimation of economic performance and the general standards of living. GDP statistics are by far, the most closely followed and critical economic indicators of any economy. In many instances, GDP statistics are published on National Accounts using volumes of extensive statistical data sets prepared on monthly, quarterly, or yearly basis. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis (2012), the most used economic indicator of aggregate economic production of a country is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This economic measure represents the money value of all Continue reading...

Part 1

Gross domestic product (GDP)
This is the total monetary value of all goods and services that are produced by a country excluding the goods and services produced abroad usually in a period of one year. It consists of public and private consumption, investments, government expenditures and the net exports.

Real GDP

This the total monetary value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a certain period of time and whose value has been adjusted to accommodate the inflation rate in that period. It can also be referred to as inflation corrected GDP. Real GDP puts into account Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper is aimed at studying an economically marginalized group in United States of America. The chosen group for this paper consists of single mothers living under the poverty line in US. The paper starts with identifying the group including approximate number of people in the group. The problem defined in this paper is regarding large number of single mothers living under the poverty line. The causes of problem are identified in this paper along with proposing short term and long term solutions. The short term solution includes initiatives of government in various welfare programs including monetary aid to Continue reading...

Summary of the Healthcare in Canada

Public healthcare depends on several factors most of are outside the healthcare system. Some of these factors include but are not limited to socioeconomic determinants, political factors, and lifestyle choices. The scope of this thesis shall however be limited to the social determinants of public healthcare and these determinants shall be specific to Canada. Canada is a world leader as far public healthcare is concerned and is a model for most countries in the world to emulate. As a result, the stakeholders in the Canadian public healthcare system have not only formulated and implemented some of the best practicable Continue reading...

Introduction

The America constitution entitles every citizen the duty of paying income taxes. The criteria use to implement the law on taxes payer has created a feeling of unfairness. The outcome from the taxation practice has resulted in taxpayers developing an interest or idea of renouncing their U.S citizenship in order to evade paying the income taxes.
Renouncing of US citizenship is justified in the immigration and nationality act. It therefore implies that most of the US citizens have escaped paying their taxes. This is because it is a right for every citizen; it therefore plays a very fundamental role Continue reading...

Introduction

Physical activity is an essential aspect in enhancing healthy growth and development of people irrespective of their age. In the United States of America, there has been a significant level of physical inactivity among different groups of the community especially among the youths. This has led to increased prevalence of lifestyle diseases such as obesity paving way for its related diseases. America has recorded the highest rates of obesity in the world. According to Blackburn and Walker (2005), 74.6% of Americans are obese with obesity being one of the leading causes of death in the nation (p.207). Obesity Continue reading...

Introduction

Income inequality is the uneven distribution of income in a country. There is a big gap between the poor and the rich. The rich are extremely rich while the poor are extremely poor. High inequality affects the economic growth of a country. This is because the country does not fully utilize its citizen’s capabilities leading to tension socially. In Canada income inequality has increased gradually for the last 20 years. Wellbeing is the quality of lives. It is brought about by the ability of people to attain their goals both personally and socially. It is measured in terms Continue reading...

Introduction

There has been an increase in the demand for security. Nowadays, a sense of security may be considered as the next basic goal after the basic items which include food, shelter and clothing. Majority of the people requires economic and health security. A person with economic security will be able to satisfy the basic needs in the present and future. Economic risk refers to the probability of losing economic security. Historically, economic risk was managed through making informational agreements between the parties concerned. The insurer would compensate the injured party. The pooling concept was later formalized in the insurance Continue reading...

Introduction

Many US expatriates have of late been feeling that a very large proportion of their income is being lost in the name of paying taxes and are therefore earnestly seeking for ways through which they can reduce their tax liability. This is very important because avoiding tax using illegal means comes with very expensive penalties that are not easy to bear. This means that the only means by which they can save their income from being largely expended on tax is through the use of legal means of reducing their tax liability. One of these means is through renouncing Continue reading...

Task

Introduction
Accounting is a very important subject both to the followers of the profession and also to all institutions that carry on business. For any financial statements to make sense they must be prepared in a standardized manner, allowing for quick comparison between the financials of a company in different periods, the company and other players in the industry, a company in different countries etc. This requires the adoption of standards that will allow for this to be possible.
The International Accounting Standards Board prepares and issues the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that have been widely adopted by Continue reading...

Abstract

Different researches have been conducted on the impact of debt on families. This current research study explores the effects of debts among children born in low income families. While using a study sample of 100 participants, the current research study found out that more poor children from indebted families have low educational attainment as compared to the children from wealthier families. This study suggests that in order to end poverty in the long run, the government needs to provide alternative sources of finance for the low income earners. This would help them repay their debts and leave them with Continue reading...

Great Divergence can be said to be the period of great income inequality or unequal wealth distribution which took place between periods in 170s up to 2007. Great divergence in the U.S. saw the high income earners continue getting more and more while the low earners continues to earn less and less. This increased the gap between the rich and the poor thus greater income distribution inequality. It was more pronounced in United States and lesser in other countries such as Canada and UK. According the research carried by CBO in 2011 on income distribution in the US for Continue reading...

- World Happiness Rankings
Worldly happiness can be termed as an index for measuring the human well being of the various nations of the world; a concept that was introduced in 2006. The process of comparing happiness across different cultures of the world is a rather complicated exercise. Different researchers and scholars in the field of happiness and economics have been looking for ways of measuring happiness across cultures and among individuals. Researchers have even devised a Happiness world index dubbed “Happy Planet Index (HPI)”. According to the researchers, “The index measures the well being of people and its possible Continue reading...

The cost of education has been gradually rising over the years, making it quite difficult for financially disadvantaged individuals to access education. Different bodies such as academic institutions, governments, non-governmental organizations, and even individuals have come up to help these students by offering scholarships. However, not all the students who need this kind of assistance actually succeed in getting it, owing there too many candidates for these scholarships among potential students every year. In addition, there are those who are neither aware of the existence of these grants nor of the process of applying for them. This has led Continue reading...

Introduction

Sociology is about unraveling certain fundamental laws pertaining to the governing of the organization of social relationships and societal phenomena with a view of understanding problems that are being experienced by society. In the recent past, there has been a major focus on sociology and its relatedness to health and medical sciences. So as to interpret social reality it is important to have an image of the various interrelationships that define human interaction. Sociological research is important in the observation and analysis of social phenomena; it entails critical examination, empirical and rational collection and analysis of various aspects to Continue reading...

Income & Poverty

Introduction
Economic consequences are extremely effective and essential for an economy; in fact the current world is like examining the effectiveness of the economies in terms of their economic power and effectiveness. Those economies that have a strong command over the economic consequences are more productive and effective as compared to those economies that have and strong command on the economic indicators (Basedow and Kono, p.34).
Both Micro and Macroeconomics are essential for the sake of an economy, as both of them talks about the real growth of the economy and its economic consequences. Micro means the branch of Continue reading...

Essay

Question 1
Many factors influence the economic growth in the developing countries. These factors include internal government policies, political stability, domestic capital formation, investment, export policy and foreign aid among others. Collectively, these factors provide the most significant platform for economies in developing countries. The major problem in developing countries is that they lack proper policy to implement these factors to promote economic growth. This has led to high rates of unemployment, income inequality, inflation and poor economic growth among others. Thus, the paper will evaluate various factors that constitute economic in developing countries.
Globalization and income inequality have Continue reading...

Social security pertains to social protection programs created by the government to provide individuals with a degree of income security, especially when faced with contingencies related to unemployment, old age, incapacity, disability, survivorship, child rearing, as well as to offer access to either preventive or curative medical care (ISSA, 2013). The International Social Security Association or ISSA defined social security to include social insurance programs, social assistance programs, universal programs, mutual schemes, national provident funds, and other arrangements that is defined and form part of the social security system of a country . Most countries today have adopted some type Continue reading...

Coca Cola is the number one beverage company in the world. The company, since its origin, has not only provided an incredible product but has continued growing over the years into a leader of innovation, social responsibility, and diversity. Let us begin with a brief background of this remarkable company. It all started in 1886 when a pharmacist by the name of John Pemberton whipped up a batch and took it down in Jacob’s pharmacy and began to sell the glass bottles at 5 cents a bottle. The drink was an instant hit and was given the name Continue reading...

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to identify how the healthcare system has notable affects on social and functioning bodies dependent on the healthcare system. Healthcare is also affected by decisions from nationwide governing bodies distribute financial and medical aid where individual people can make their own decisions and play out the key microeconomic concepts to achieve the most beneficial medical plans. The healthcare system in North America constantly experiences changes to its healthcare plan regardless how protocols differ between the U.S. and Canada. The decisions implemented by individual members act as the instigators to Continue reading...

David Jones Ltd

David Jones, an Australian company, is a successful retail store with many premium outlets in most parts of the country. David Jones founded the company in 1838 with a single aim “To sell the best and most exclusive goods”. Later it converted into a public company after the failure of a partnership with Adelaide Steamship Company. The firm has been successful in the Australian retail industry over the centuries due because of carrying out certain activities. It is now the largest retail national company in Australia with a large number of outlets all over the country. The aim of Continue reading...