Essays on Degrees Of Freedom

Final Grade: 72/100

This paper is being submitted on January 18, 2017 for Tramaine Ingram’s STA3215 Inferential Statistics and Analytics course. At the request of the company’s client, we have performed research pertaining to the salary distributions of jobs in the state of Minnesota. The sampling was haphazard (non-statistical. The client is only interested in the jobs that pay salaries of between $40,000 and $120,000. Any job that that falls within this range was included in the analysis. The data set was obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and consists of a total of 64 records. In ...

About the paper

The paper is commissioned to delineate the linear and log-linear multiple regression model where the dependent variable, earnings per hour, will be regressed against two independent variables, education and experience. As part of this analysis, we will cite multiple journal articles, books and other related sources to learn more about the regression analysis and how the statisticians perform the data analysis these days. Both the regression models, i.e. linear and log-linear multiple regression will be performed in excel and the output will be attached in the appendix section of the paper. In addition, we will also test the significance ...

Part One

The farmer tested the hypothesis H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0

H1: μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0

First, the farmer must have tested for the equality of variances to determine whether the t-test that will be used will assume equal variances or not before proceeding to the t-test. In this case, the highlighted value P (F<=f) one-tail is greater than 0.05. As such, the t-test should assume equality of variances. Undertaking the analysis in Excel, the following output is obtained. The excel working apply the formulae used in manual computation to generate the outcomes as follows: Examining the t statistic computed, the value that is ...

Executive Summary

This paper assesses the determinants of earnings among workers in mid-Atlantic. The study uses a sample of 3,000 workers. The data for the study was collected between 2003 and 2009. The average age of the participants was 42.41 years. All the study participants were male. The study participants had diverse demographic profiles in terms of race, educational background, and marital status. A preliminary analysis was conducted to identify factors that show some relationship with wages among the variables in the dataset. A preliminary analysis revealed that wages appear to be influenced by age, educational attainment, and race. A ...

of students on the disability service program on Irvine University

A Statistical Approach

Reading is one of the first abilities developed and enforced during the first years of education across the world. Duggan (2009) states that one of the two most characteristic attributes a skillful reader has is his speed and ease while reading, the other being the understanding of the text. Conversely, the experience of reading can be enhanced or deteriorated by outside elements other than the reader himself. Irlen’s study (as cited by Morrison, 2011) suggests that visual perception is distorted when reading black words on a white background, ...

Problem 1

Problem The proportions of smokers is calculated: Smokers Total=585975=0.6. The proportions of non-smokers is calculated: Non-smokers Total=390975=0.4.

These values are used to calculate the expected numbers (Table 2)

The χ2 for the test is calculated using the observed and the expected data: χ2=(Observed-Expected)2Expected

The χ2 is calculated as the sum of the cells in Table 3:

χ2=3.93 + 0.11 + 1.02 + 5.9 + 0.17 + 1.53 = 12.66 The number of degrees of freedom is: f = (Columns – 1)(Rows – 1) = (3 – 1)(2 – 1)= 2. The critical value of χ2 at 0.1 significance level is: χ2(2;0.1)critical=4.61. The null hypothesis is H0: p1 = p2 = p3, all proportions are equal. The alternative hypothesis is H1: p1 ≠ p2 ≠ p3, or at least one proportion is different. ...

Validation is carried out at all stages of collection and processing of statistical data: filling in forms of statistical monitoring, reporting, development of statistics and preparation of analytical tables.

Chance of data is checked by means of an arithmetic or logic control. Arithmetic control is based on the use of the relationships between various indicators reports and checking all general indicators and harmonization of those which are derived from each other. The value of correlation coefficient cannot be the measure of validity of correlation between features. This parameter depends on the number of degrees of freedom. For larger ...

The first table presented a matrix of correlations coefficients for Exam performance, Exam anxiety and Time spent revising. It was found that performance in exam was negatively linked to exam anxiety; the Pearson Correlation was r = −.441. P value was less than 0.05 so this relation is significant. It was also found that exam performance was significantly positively correlated to time spent revising; r = 0.3967 and p < 0.001. Lastly, exam anxiety appears to be significantly negatively linked to time spent revising (r = -0.709, p= 0.000). The above Descriptive table presented the mean and standard deviation of all the four ...

Introduction

In this project I want to test whether students who live with their families dine out more than those who do not live with their families. I also compared among the families and males and how much they spend whenever they go out to dine. I have determined the confidence interval for the students who live with their families and for the proportion of students who do not live with their families.

- The alternative hypothesis is the number of students that live with family dines less than those students who live by themselves. The null hypothesis is that ...

- WidegeCorp and Company W are merging. WidegeCorp is an organization that utilizes statistical analysis for decision making while Company W is the complete opposite, relying on experience to make business decisions and strategies. - Currently, Company W is testing new sales software. The software was given to 250 of the total 500 sales personnel of the company in the last three months. - There are four sales regions: Northeast, Southeast, Central and West. - The company believes that each sales person will be able to sell the same amount of products whether or not they ...

Kinetic theory of matter tries to explain all molecules in terms of motion. The theory posits that every substance consists of many small particles referred to as molecules. Substances in this case are called matter and are in three forms; solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have molecules that are closer to each other by intermolecular forces. Liquids on the other hand have molecules slightly far apart with gases the furthest apart. Furthermore, according to this theory all the molecules are in constant random motion referred to as Brownian motion (Chang, 2004).

The study of heat relates to kinetic theory ...

*more information about affiliation, research grants, conflict of interest and how to contact

Introduction

As technology improves, aircraft design naturally improves alongside safety measures yet accidents are unavoidable. Over the years, aircraft accidents are reportedly occurring throughout the world. The world has experienced major and minor accidents in the air. An accident that involves an aircraft is called aviation accident. The term is defined by the Convention on International Civil Aviation as the event that happened within a boarding of a person to the aircraft who has the intention of flying the vehicle which caused death or serious injury to any person ...

INTRODUCTION

for India for a 31 year period starting from 1980-1981 up to 2010-2011 on six independent variables: Gross Domestic Capital Formation, Net Domestic Savings, Exports, Employment,

Gross Enrolment Ratio and Imports.

MOTIVE Macroeconomic theory suggests that aggregate demand depends on economy’s investment, savings, exports and imports. We have gone off the beaten track and included two unconventional variables- the employment in the public and organized private sector and the gross enrolment ratio. Our objective behind this has been to show how the spread of education sector and increased employment opportunities affect the annual growth rate of

GDP and to find out if it has had a significant impact on the economic growth of India in the

past few ...

Inference Concerning Mean Differences

Using statistical testing it is possible to make inferences concerning the mean difference of two samples (Black, 100). For this exercise, the mean difference for mock SAT results and real SAT scores will be compared. Using Excel a t test will be carried out in order to compare the mean mock SAT score and the mean real SAT score in order to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the two samples.

The dataset utilized for this exercise is shown below.

Assumptions:

There are two assumptions that will be made before the t test is carried out in excel. These ...

In 2008, there was a financial crisis which affected most of us. Till now, some countries are still recovering, including the United States. The crisis led to higher unemployment rate, lower disposable incomes, and bad loans. In all these cases, the number of loans applied by the citizens of a country and approved by lending institutions is anticipated to be lower. This will be true until a time the borrowers have increasing confidence in paying off their debt if they apply for one, and the lenders have confidence that the loans will get paid back. This will be the case when they ...

Ken Boyer

EC499 Effect of Gross Domestic Product on Road Safety in South Korea Abstract Road carnage has increasingly become a major source of death all over the globe. Many countries lose a significant number of pedestrians, passengers, drivers, cyclists and motorcyclists on the roads, highways and superhighways. This trend is particularly alarming in South Korea where loss of lives due to road accidents has become very worrying. The country is indiscriminately losing many people to this menace. The most unfortunate thing about this scenario is the fact that some of the country’s productive population is also consumed in ...

Introduction

Background of the Study A significant number of South Koreans are killed annually due to the road accident menace. The roads highways and superhighways are no longer just a means of necessitating movement of goods and people within the nation but are also a major source of loss of lives. The nation records alarming rates of road accidents that have been greatly attributed to human error. Reckless driving has been identified as a major cause of road accidents. Among the key perpetrators of this vice are drunken drivers, those drivers who do not abide by the traffic laws and sometimes failure ...

Q1. (a) What is the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics?

Descriptive statistics refers to statistical procedures that are used to analytically describe a population that is being studied. The data used for such purpose might be obtained from a sample of the intended population. Organization and description of the data is based on the results obtained during the study. Inferential statistics is the process production of inferences or predictions about a population based on observations and analysis of the sample being investigated. The sample results generated are then generalized to account for the whole population from the sample was obtained. (b) Provide an example for each.

Descriptive statistics- Research on how age affects productivity in individuals

Inferential statistics- Research to test ...

Biology Lab Report

Abstract Plant damage by herbiovry needs to be studied especially with potential negative impacts from climate change. The impact of caterpillars on cucumber leaves was measured under three different situations. Firstly when the leaves were damaged with holes, secondly when saliva was added or thirdly when leaves were both damaged and saliva was added. The hypothesis tested was ‘There will be an increase herbiovry on damaged and saliva treated plants compared to saliva and no damaged or damage and no saliva treated plants. The leaves were photographed before treatment and after, caterpillars were added to the leaves under ...

1. Principle of specificity: only the muscles trained will respond. a. Provide a concrete example of the principle of specificity to athletics/sports preparation, personal fitness training, or rehabilitation. 2 points. Specifity is the change that occurs in the body as a result of training. Specificity in athletics comes in when the athlete trains repeatedly performing specific activities in preparation for the exact requirements of a sport. Distant runners require doing exercises that would make them adapt to sustained running. On the other hand, throwers need to train in a way to build up their muscles in size and thickness in order to ...

Math 10 Final Project

A survey of 50 randomly selected students was asked the following questions at school to determined their credit card spending behavior and card characteristics. The following questions were asked. - How many times per week do you use your card? Let this variable be denoted by x. - How much money do you spend on your card weekly? Let this variable be denoted by y. - Which banks do you used your card with? Let this variable be denoted by x.bank. - Do you use credit card more than the debit card? Let this variable ...

[Date (May 23, 2013)]

- Introduction to alcohol consumption Alcohol consumption is taken as a leisure activity among many people across the world. There are many forms of alcohol available depending on the level of alcohol content and the manufacturing process used. Based on the alcohol content, it is classified as wines, spirits and beer while under manufacturing processes it is classified as commercial and traditional brew. Commercial alcohol (manufactured in industries) is a legal drink worldwide while the traditional brew is outlawed in majority of the countries. The question on the effect of alcohol on the behaviour of human ...

Motor control as open and closed-loop systems.

In high control, system serves as building block for many mechanical systems used today. Using the appropriate control one can design systems to perform tasks within the specified time. Motor control system consists two categories sharing some similar parts but differ in a variety of ways. Open Loop control is the simpler of the two allowing one way flow of data and never and there is no feedback. This means that in the signal flow there is no transfer of data back to the source. The signal enters through the input stage, passes through the amplifiers to produce the ...

Energy fuel consumption- Statistic Project by using ANOVA table and Hypothesis

INTRODUCTION There is a lot to learn about the energy fuel consumption in Canada. Rather, the energy fuel consumption has got a list of salient features so as to find out the profits generated from this consumption. Canada is one of the largest energy producers and exporters of products in the world. The project aims at calculating the connection between different variables related to energy fuel consumption in Canada. Owing to my immense interest in learning about this field, I have collected a lot of raw material I have had a lot of interest in learning about the energy consumption industry ...

Test Retest reliability of the ABL and Acusport in measuring resting

Exercise Bioenergetics

Resting and exercise blood lactate concentrations were measured in order to Test Retest the reliability of two measuring devices, the ABL and the Acusport. The purpose of the test was to prove the reliability of the results. The t-test and the Pearson’s product Correlation Coefficient were used in order to evaluate the experimental results. The t-test and the Peason’s product Correlation Coefficient calculations proved that the experimental test results from the trials of the ABL and Acusport measuring devices are reliable. The results will be reproducible if the experiments are done again.

Introduction

High quality evidence ...

Part 1:

Conduct a T-test: a. What is the question you are asking? The question being asked is there is a relationship between the absorbance readings from North Branch Chicago River Site and absorbance readings from North Shore Channel Site. b. What is your null hypothesis? The null hypothesis is that there are no relationship between the absorbance readings from North Branch Chicago River Site and absorbance readings from North Shore Channel Site. c. What is the alternative hypothesis? The alternative hypothesis is that there is a relationship between the absorbance readings from North Branch Chicago River Site ...

Executive summary

Multiple linear regression analysis is a statistical tool of analysis that is commonly used to forecast a variable, which is dependent on several independent variables based on historical data. Multiple linear regression analysis is normally used to evaluate the nature of the correlation between the dependent variable denoted as y and the independent variables (X1, X2Xn). The developed model is then used to predict levels of the dependent variable y. Multiple linear regressions is important in business, economics, medicine, psychology among many other fields. The correlation between Y predicted and Y actual is called the multiple correlation coefficients which is ...

Abstract

Annual wages of the employees are studied for their relation with several dependent variables to identify the most factors most impacting the variation in the annual wages. This paper attempts to analyze and establish the relationship of annual wages with the number of years of experience. Annual wages are considered to be a function of number of years of experience and there’s assumed to be a positive correlation. This paper tests the relationship using linear regression analysis method between the two variables. Annual wages is considered as the dependent variable and number of years of employment is taken as the ...

Abstract

The purpose of our experiment was to visualize the effect of light intensity on oxygen production. In the capacity of a test subject we used algal cultures. For these researches we used the Winkler method of titration. Our experiment results showed that there is an effect of light intensity on oxygen production. Our research has a great significance for agriculture, biochemistry and biophysics.

Introduction

Photosynthesis is the metabolic process by which plants trap solar energy, convert it to chemical energy, and store it in the bonds of organic nutrient molecules, such as glucose. Nearly all types of plants and algae, as well ...