Actualization Research Papers Samples For Students

Abstract

Abraham Maslow was a Jewish American born to illiterate Russian immigrants on the 1st of April the year 1908. Maslow had a difficult childhood and thus spent most of his free time seeking consolations in books. His obsession with books was motivated by the fact that Maslow’s Jewish parents were not educated and therefore constantly pushed their children to perform academically.
Maslow formulated the dynamic holistic theory of behavioral psychology. The theory had five basic human needs that were arranged in hierarchical order from the lower to the higher needs of human beings which include physiological, safety, belonging, self-esteem ...

ABSTRACT

Abraham Maslow’s theory on holistic-dynamic theory was majorly meant to advance previous schools of thought that tried explaining behaviorism and psychoanalysis that he deemed as too constricted and subjective. His theory holds that people are continuously motivated by one need or another (Maslow, 1998). Maslow viewed man as both being and becoming, he saw that man had actual self and a potential self (Maslow, 1968). Maslow deduces that mans ultimate goal should be one with personal growth and of self actualization. Maslow organized mans’ 4 basic needs in a hierarchical order, which men need to satisfy in order to achieve ...

Abstract

Abraham Maslow is regarded as the father of Humanistic Psychology. This research paper will introduce and provide a thorough overview of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Professionals in a variety of different fields, especially those in the field of education, use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. There are 5 peer reviewed sources, including Maslow’s own book and an article, have been analyzed for the following research paper. This research paper is divided into 2 parts. In Part I, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs have been briefly introduced. In Part II, each of the needs in Maslow’s hierarchy pyramid ...

Overview of the Theory

The Hierarchy of Needs is a psychology theory that was proposed in 1943 by an American psychologist, Abraham Maslow. This was done through his paper of psychological review on the theory of human motivation. Maslow did this paper after he was dismayed by the attempts to reduce the human psychology to some form of mindless mechanisms (Boone & GWC, 2002). Thus he started a new psychological movement, which he called the ‘Humanistic Psychology.’ This theory is parallel to many theories of development psychology.
In order to come up with this theory, Maslow studied some of the work done by outstanding people ...

Abstract

Maslow was an American psychologist whose work on precedence of needs is renowned as “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. The five levels of needs according to Maslow are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. Physiological needs are the lowest level of needs and self-actualization, the highest. One needs to fulfil lower level of needs to move to higher level of needs. The limitations of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are it does not explain spiritualism, selflessness and that profiling of self-actualizers is done on a very small sample of people.

Keywords: Hierarchy of needs, social needs, ...

The humanistic approach

The term "humanistic psychology" has been created by a group of psychologists who under the leadership of Maslow teamed up in the early 1960s to create a new theoretical alternative to the two most important approaches in psychology - psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Such famous psychologists as Carl Rogers, Victor Frankl and Rollo May and others had influenced the development of the humanistic approach (McLeod, 2015).
Fundamental ideas of humanistic psychology are the refutation of comparative psychology, the study of the individual as a whole personality, the emphasis on creativity and mental health of the individual, etc.
The central idea ...

Abstract

In this paper is considered one of the most popular psychological theories – existential theory. This work is about the history of existential theory, its main questions, problems and purposes, about strengths and weaknesses of existential vision.

History of the Theory

Existentialism (or also the philosophy of existence) is a special area in the philosophy of the XX century, accentuate your attention on the uniqueness of human existence, proclaiming his irrational. Existentialism developed in parallel lines akin personalism and philosophical anthropology, from which it differs primarily the idea of overcoming (not disclosing) the person's own spirit and a greater emphasis on the depth of the emotional ...

Alternative Approaches to Curriculum Evaluation

A curriculum involves a set of events designed to have an educational consequence. A subject matter such as history or art is not a curriculum. Subject matters have to be changed into educational events in order to count as curriculum (Claus, and Pia, 2008). A curriculum is essentially as a series of educationally beneficial activities, which happen in the classroom. The resultant consequences of a curriculum can be wider than what was originally intended by its developers. Evaluation should use instruments that measure both the ancillary and intended outcomes. Educators understand that a gap often exits between the intention of a curriculum and its actualization. ...

Introduction

Human relations refer to the study of how companies manage and interact with their employees in order to improve the overall employee and organisational effectiveness. It is a field of study which includes topics such as leadership, organisational structure, power centres, and delegation of authority. This particular case would deal with the relationship between human relations and leadership. Human relations also deal with issues that are related to motivation at workplace, fulfilling the needs of individuals or group and improving the quality of life.
Leadership is an element that varies from one situation to another. Leadership, in a small company ...

Abstract

The research investigates student’s motives for obtaining higher education, their objectives and reasons for particular choice of institution and course. Moreover, it aims to reveal how available information influences students’ choice and make specific choice more attractable. Quantitative research method with the help of SurveyMonkey service is used. For this study x full-time and part-time students of X university were surveyed. As a result of this research it was proved that indeed students’ motives and expectations influence their choice of institution and education area. Three top reasons for going to university for both full- and part-time students are ...

Expressed in Macbeth

Myths and legends are part of our common collective unconscious; they provide us with ways to process the feelings and aspirations we have as individuals to better ourselves and be rewarded for our hard work and moral goodness. There is also a psychoanalytical portrait to this sense of myth as well, as Freudian concepts of dreams and human fantasies of the unconscious combine with Jungian archetypes to create models of human behavior that we wish to emulate and look up to. No matter the story, be it Jesus or Holden Caulfield or Luke Skywalker, myths often operate on a very similar ...

The Awakening is a novel written by Kate Chopin. The story takes place in the 19th century in a Victorian society. The Awakening focuses on Edna who is the protagonist in the story, and she is the wife to Mr. Pontellier. It is a story about a woman who tried to transform herself from a housewife and mother into an independent woman, but she was not successful. Edna was just a normal wife like the other women in the nineteenth century who played the full role of an ideal woman who obeyed her husband, and cared for her kids. Edna now gets an idea that ...

Robert Green Leaf coined the phrase ‘Servant Leadership.’ Servant leadership model is something that is not really new in today’s world. The Chinese ruler Lao-Tzu was said to be one of the earliest servant leaders living between 570 and 490 B.C. Tao Te Ching says that the highest type of rulership is one whose existence is barely known to the subjects. The Indian book on political science ‘Arthashastra,’ authored by Chanakya says a king is someone who is not to please himself but his subjects, and that a king is a paid leader enjoying the resources of the state and the ...

When studying motivation, researchers refer to the human needs, synthetized by Maslow in his “pyramid of needs”. According to Maslow, (in Lauby, 2005), people and employees inclusively, need to satisfy the following set of needs: psychological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self – actualization. Maslow has built the pyramid of needs to indicate the hierarchical levels of needs that a person can reach, from the most basic to the highest, specifying how s/he comes to realize that s/he needs to evolve on this hierarchy of needs.
In satisfying these needs, there must be known the fact that this is a gradual process, ...

Introduction

Human resource in an organization is a key factor and has a significant role as for as the development and success of an organization is concerned. The level of performance of the employees of an organization has always been a great concern of the management. It has been observed that the human resource performance fluctuates and depends upon the motivation strategies the company adopts. The low performance is due to motivational problem.
Motivation is one of the psychological features that stimulate one to work to get a preferred goal or objective. The motivation is considered a compelling force and psychological drive which reinforces ...

1.0 Introduction
Personality can be defined as a set of organized and dynamic characteristics that reflects and determines how an individual reacts to his/her environment[ CITATION Tie93 \l 2057 ]. Normally, these set of organized and dynamic characteristics influences ones behaviors, motivation and cognition[ CITATION THu08 \l 1033 ]. Personality brings out the differences between individuals and a unique set of inner characteristic that each posses. Through the study of personality one can appreciate the fact that no two individuals are exactly identical e.g. one can be adventurous while the other is not. It is worth noting that personality can be enduring ...

Life span development is a window into the nature of human development from conception to death. The life span perspective involves seven basic contentions: development is lifelong, covers the various life aspects , multidirectional, plastic, historically embedded, multidisciplinary, and contextual (Papaya, 1981)

Development is lifelong. Development includes changes that take place from conception to death.

Development covers various aspects of life. Development consists of biological,cognitive, and social dimensions.

Development is plastic. Depending on the individuals life conditions, development may take many paths.

Development is embedded in history. People's life paths are influenced by the happenings of that particular time.

The human development ...

Overview of Sufism

Sufism, simply put, is Islamic mysticism. Sufism is also popular by the name Tasawwuf in the Arab world. It is essentially a movement of the followers of Islam in pursuit of discovering celestial veracity and love by way of the direct encounters that they seek to have with God. Sufism evolved out of Islam, precisely between the 8th and 9th centuries C.E., in the form of a frugal movement.
This ascetic movement was given the name Sufism due to the coarse wool garments that denotes their denunciation of worldly pleasures. Conventionally, the Sufis were also known to have taken ...

Compare and Contrast Theories Paper

Dreikurs
Dreikurs developed a comprehensive classification, according to which any deviant behavior of children can be seen through the lenses of four different categories of goals. The basis of the heart of misconduct is created by four different psychological purposes. They can be classified as the attraction of attention, achievement of power, failure simulation and revenge. These goals are straightforward and apply to the current situation. Initially Dreikurs defined them as deviant or inappropriate purpose. The child acts, based on the belief (usually unconscious) that he has some relevance in the eyes of others when grabs somebody`s attention. ...

The factors underlying the emergence of privacy as a critical legal and psychological factor are evident in the very purposes of the construct in modern society. In psychology, the definition of privacy emphasizes the regulation of, and/or exemption from unwanted access, surveillance, and scrutiny. On the other hand, the legal definition emphasizes decisional privacy i.e. the right to choose one’s involvement in public or private without unreasonable government interference. Effectively, the most important motivation behind the emergency privacy as an important psycho-legal construct is the erosion of private spaces, in part due to the increased power of intrusive technologies, ...

What Are the Qualities of an Effective Mentor in Nursing?

Introduction
In the world we have people working in different fields and one important aspect is that as an individual joins a particular field they need to be guided so as to easily adapt to their new environment. The people who provide the needed guidance or who make the transition to a new field possible are called mentors. The people or students joining the nursing field just as any other, need to have a mentor who is supportive and has experience. My interest for this research is to find out the qualities of an effective mentor as it is essential for ...

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Discussion Of Oppressed Female Issues & Solutions

The following paper is based on the short story “ The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman that depicts the life of a normal couple and is narrated by an oppressed wife who accepts every decision made by her husband or other male family members but with despair.
This paper will briefly discuss the concept of being submissive among women as characterized in the story and then discuss the issues behind this feeling in real life. The paper will also discuss some techniques to help such women get over their oppression.

Oppression ...

Self-esteem refers to the evaluation of oneself. It refers to the worth that one attaches to himself or herself. Self-esteem is the aggregate of what people believe about themselves and their emotions. Self-esteem is an important subject in psychology because it influences people’s lifestyle and their performance in various tasks. Self-esteem may be an enduring trait in which case it constitutes one’s personality or it may be influenced by events of the recent past. A positive evaluation of oneself leads to feelings of worthiness and elicits happiness. A negative evaluation of oneself results in a poor self-concept and ...

Abstract

With the rapid growth of e-commerce and changes in consumer behavior, the importance of efficient digital brand building has come into a sharper focus. Marketers are in constant search for effective methods of brand developing and promoting. This writing reviews the literature on brand marketing, analyzes the modern tendencies of brand building and proposes the best digital opportunity for leading brands relying on their effectiveness for digital marketing.
Key words: E-commerce, brand building, Internet, customer value proposition, operating model

Aim

Objectives
- Review the literature on brand marketing and analyze the modern tendencies of brand building.
- Study ...

Introduction

Motivation is the driving force that makes us do things that we do. Our needs generate our behavior which in turns tries to satisfy our needs. The basic concept of motivation is based on the relationship between these three – needs-behavior-satisfactions. Our needs vary in nature. Depending on the nature of our needs - social, biological, emotional and cognitive, we take actions to fulfill those needs. There are a number of theories developed by researchers to explain the force of motivation behind our action. This paper will touch upon four such theories – Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, cognitive evaluation theory, equity ...

Development of the theory of human caring took place between 1975 and 1979, when Jean was working at the University of Colorado as a lecturer. The theory resulted from her view of nursing in combination with doctoral studies that she was doing in educational-clinical, as well as social psychology. The development of the human caring theory came in as her first attempt to add meaning and focus to the field of nursing. This came at a point when nursing was an emerging discipline, which came out as a distinct health profession that has its unique knowledge, value and practices, and possess distinct ...

Question 1

A good leader must be able to meet the needs of their subordinates in order to ensure that they are motivated to perform well in their jobs, which can lead to an increased productivity or bottom line for the company. This would be in conformance to the many theories of motivation, such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Alderfer’s ERG Theory, and Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Koontz and Weihrich 2006). More specifically, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory indicates that people’s needs are classified into lower-order and higher-order needs. ...

Introduction

- Interview Report

Theoretical applications

- Development is a lifelong process of change (Erikson)
- Each period of the life span is affected by what happened before and this affects
expected outcomes (Learning theories).
- Development is influenced by historical and cultural context (Papalia and Feldman)

Conclusion

- Explanation of how this analysis has affected communication within the work environment

Abstract

In this document the author is expected to distinguish, appraise, and integrate multiple theories and/or models of human development relevant to functioning of the client being interviewed. During the interaction the interviewer must recognize how cultural structures that range from marginalizing ...

Chapter I

The stereotypes and micro-aggressions suffered by a Black woman in a toxic workplace leads to deleterious effects. The effects reported here include oppression, shame, and isolation. Internalizing these feelings of isolation systematically caused the body, mind, and spirit to suffer physiologically and psychologically. The overall strategy is termed disconnection; this concept is reinforced by the “power over” (Jordan, 2010) by a dominant group who wantonly exercise shame and isolation to discourage mutually empowerment relationships (Jordan, 2010, p. 105).
This Black woman is me. The terms Black and African American are used interchangeably. It is my preference to identify with the Black ...

Introduction

Morgan’s images of organization (1998) are popular diagnostic tools in the field of management as they allow for an organization to be viewed from different perspectives. In turn, this allows for a more holistic view of the organization and a better understanding of the situation being diagnosed.
This paper uses Morgan’s metaphors of organization in diagnosing an employee motivation problem at Accenture. This paper also presents a critical evaluation of the diagnostic reading, as well as recommendations with regards to the possible alternatives and solutions.

Company Overview

Accenture is “a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company” (Accenture, 2013). Accenture is ...

Chapter I

The stereotypes and micro-aggressions suffered by a Black woman in a toxic workplace leads to deleterious effects. The effects reported here include oppression, shame, and isolation. Internalizing these feelings of isolation systematically caused the body, mind, and spirit to suffer physiologically and psychologically. The overall strategy is termed disconnection; this concept is reinforced by the “power over” (Jordan, 2010) by a dominant group who wantonly exercise shame and isolation to discourage mutually empowerment relationships (Jordan, 2010, p. 105).
This Black woman is me. The terms Black and African American are used interchangeably. It is my preference to identify with the Black ...

Leadership and Motivation

Leadership studies have evolved over time with several theoretical perspectives being presented on leadership. From various leadership theories, scholars have asserted some common ingredients like honesty, integrity, clear communication of objectives and goals, adapting and facilitating change management and effective two way communication process.
Other than the above mentioned topics there has been a lot of research on the relationship between motivation and leadership. This is mainly because both these concepts are interconnected. Effective leaders are those who have the capacity to influence and motivate followers to engage in excellent performance to attain organizational success and effectiveness.

Analysing transactional, transformational and charismatic leadership behaviours

Eminent scholars ...

Introduction

The ways in which children develop cognitively have fascinated philosophers, researchers and theorists for centuries. However, in the twentieth century, several different schools of thought arose, each of which attempted to categorize the various phases of cognitive development between infancy and adolescence. Piaget, in his early observations, asserted that children, even at a very early age, were capable of creating their own ideas. Instead of merely receiving and assimilating information from adult figures, they could take the stimuli they received and build unique structures of knowledge. His work ended up as the foundation of the modern constructionist theories in education. ...