Essays on Hierarchy

Abstract

Abraham Maslow is regarded as the father of Humanistic Psychology. This research paper will introduce and provide a thorough overview of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Professionals in a variety of different fields, especially those in the field of education, use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. There are 5 peer reviewed sources, including Maslow’s own book and an article, have been analyzed for the following research paper. This research paper is divided into 2 parts. In Part I, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs have been briefly introduced. In Part II, each of the needs in Maslow’s hierarchy pyramid ...

Maintained and Challenged by some Hospital Staff Members

Anthropology

The Ways that Prestige or Hierarchy is Produced, Maintained and Challenged by some Hospital Staff Members

A hospital’s main goal is to ensure the well-being of the patients. The doctor is most often perceived as the authority at the top of the hierarchy of hospital organization. After the doctors in perceived importance are the nurses and then lab technicians. Hierarchy is based on more than the professional titles of people in the organisation because the culture outside the hospital has an effect on the hospital organisation. There are other hierarchical patterns in the chain of power ...

How it is produced, maintained and challenged by particular people in a hospital.

An Annotated Bibliography

Anderson, Cameron & Brown, Courtney E. (2010). The functions and dysfunctions of hierarchy. Research in Organizational Behavior. Retrieved from www.ScienceDirect.com with doi: 10.1016/j.riob.2010.08.002. (Published online but not yet in print)

This paper used a literature review methodology to address the hierarchy in power of many organizations with respect to functionalist organization. It offers a better understanding of five variables that determine the effectiveness of moderation on the strength of hierarchal-powerful obstacles: (a) the type of a group’s work, (b) if the choice of group leader is appropriate, (c) how a leader’s ...

Overview of the Theory

The Hierarchy of Needs is a psychology theory that was proposed in 1943 by an American psychologist, Abraham Maslow. This was done through his paper of psychological review on the theory of human motivation. Maslow did this paper after he was dismayed by the attempts to reduce the human psychology to some form of mindless mechanisms (Boone & GWC, 2002). Thus he started a new psychological movement, which he called the ‘Humanistic Psychology.’ This theory is parallel to many theories of development psychology. In order to come up with this theory, Maslow studied some of the work done by outstanding people ...

Abstract

Maslow was an American psychologist whose work on precedence of needs is renowned as “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. The five levels of needs according to Maslow are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. Physiological needs are the lowest level of needs and self-actualization, the highest. One needs to fulfil lower level of needs to move to higher level of needs. The limitations of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are it does not explain spiritualism, selflessness and that profiling of self-actualizers is done on a very small sample of people.

Keywords: Hierarchy of needs, social needs, ...

Abstract

Large multinational corporations in the contemporary business environment have a strong focus on leadership as the external environment places pressure on sustainability of their business models, based solely on the downstream advantages. With the growing complexity of the business, HRM became a paramount strategic element of the organizations, where leadership development and retention build on the core of business competitiveness. Many companies in the modern environment recognize the role of human capital in building productive and efficient internal environment and creating rare and inimitable assets. At the same time, there are numerous barriers that can be seen in the contemporary ...

ABSTRACT

Abraham Maslow’s theory on holistic-dynamic theory was majorly meant to advance previous schools of thought that tried explaining behaviorism and psychoanalysis that he deemed as too constricted and subjective. His theory holds that people are continuously motivated by one need or another (Maslow, 1998). Maslow viewed man as both being and becoming, he saw that man had actual self and a potential self (Maslow, 1968). Maslow deduces that mans ultimate goal should be one with personal growth and of self actualization. Maslow organized mans’ 4 basic needs in a hierarchical order, which men need to satisfy in order to achieve ...

There are various theories of human development, each of which has a different approach in explaining maturity and human development. The theories have different definitions and explanations of being human. The theories also focus on the ways on how to understand human response to collective working and to challenges in life. It is important that individuals, especially managers, have a clear understanding of these theories. This will help them to have in depth insights and ways with which they can apply in order to an effective work force that will accomplish the organization’s objectives. The manager will also use this ...

- Introduction Chinese and Japanese cultures have overlapped in practically all characteristics including political, cultural, business, and technological despite their immense historical differences dating back centuries. Yet their demonstrations of business characteristics are expressed diversely that their historical concepts of collectivism and individualism have often paralleled. Interestingly Chinese and Japanese business is extensively culturally driven by different reasoning even they seek the same result, but from different approaches even though they are geographically in close proximity of each other. Similarly as to how many ancient civilizations began, China and Japan have long histories of similar empirical rulership and ...

The world is made up of different people representing different races and ethnic groups around the world. It is important to note that that these social profiling of different people were constructed by the dominant group in a given society. It is important to note that one’s race is determined by their physical features such as one’s phenotype, type of hair, among other things. On the other hand, one’s ethnicity is determined by their culture, language, beliefs and traditional roots. Both the racial and ethnic groups have been formed and integrated into our society by the dominant ...

Abstract

Abraham Maslow was a Jewish American born to illiterate Russian immigrants on the 1st of April the year 1908. Maslow had a difficult childhood and thus spent most of his free time seeking consolations in books. His obsession with books was motivated by the fact that Maslow’s Jewish parents were not educated and therefore constantly pushed their children to perform academically. Maslow formulated the dynamic holistic theory of behavioral psychology. The theory had five basic human needs that were arranged in hierarchical order from the lower to the higher needs of human beings which include physiological, safety, belonging, self-esteem ...

- Graham Murdoch’s citizenship framework versus that of Anna McCarthy Though this question calls for a compare and contrast of Graham Murdoch’s citizenship framework versus that of Anna McCarthy’s the two articles complement each other nicely. Graham Murdoch’s modern ideal framework for understanding citizenship argues that as an American life evolved from the simple to the modern society of today. Anna McCarthy’s The Citizen Machine: Governing by Television in 1950’s America’ describes the understanding of citizenship as a medium to a growing society of free people. The two insights complement each other well citizenship is ...

Introduction

Abraham Maslow suggests that all actions of human beings are motivated to achieve some needs. Maslow, in his paper ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’ talks about hierarchy of needs and the same idea was discussed in his book, ‘Motivation and Personality’. This paper intends to discuss Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and further examines how Maslow’s pyramid is used.

Five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Maslow describes hierarchy of needs in form of a pyramid which is divided into different levels. The Lowest level indicates very basic needs while several multifarious needs are placed at the highest level of the hierarchical pyramid (McGuire).

Psychological needs

Basic needs, ...

Overview

I have been appointed in the position of the city manager of Gill Ville, a city with a population of about 200000 people. There are several issues to be addressed within the city departments. The citizens are aware of unethical behaviors in the management of the city, and they have lost their trust and support for the Mayor and the local government. My job is to get the city back on its track and satisfy the expectation of the citizens. There are several issues to be addressed within the departments to improve on service delivery to the citizens. The main ...

Overview

I have been appointed in the position of the city manager of Gill Ville, a city with a population of about 200000 people. There are several issues to be addressed within the city departments. The citizens are aware of unethical behaviors in the management of the city and they have lost their trust and support for the Mayor and the local government. My job is to get the city back on its tack and satisfy the expectation of the citizens. There are several issues to be addressed within the departments to improve on service delivery to the citizens. The main ...

Introduction

Social stratification refers to a system by which individuals in society are ranked in a hierarchy on the basis of power, prestige or property. Stratification is a characteristic of society that persists over generations, creating a pattern of social inequality. In this case, the social inequality is attributed to unfair distribution of societal resources on a regular, wide-scale basis along the lines of certain specific, identifiable characteristics (Tumin, 1985). The most identifiable forms of social stratification are caste and class systems, which are practiced in various parts of the world.

The caste system

The term caste is derived from the Spanish word ‘casta’ which can loosely mean ‘ ...

On the basis of Long's essay on administrative power and your analysis of ''The Columbia Accident,'' what specific factor can you identify that can strengthen or detract from an organization's power? Are there specific ways that administrators protect or enhance their power position? If so, how? Use the case to illustrate your views and cite example(s) from your experience. Norton Long emphasized that power runs administration. Without power, administrators would not be able to carry out its functions properly, given that they have to observe a hierarchical setup within which power runs through. Analyzing where power would ...

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Introduction

The research or theory by Mr. Abraham Harold Maslow came into light in 1943 which basically defines the rules guiding human motivation. This theory also laid the basis of human needs and the method a person strives to fulfill his needs and the reasons of different needs taking advantage over others in different phases of life. According to Mr. Abraham, human behavior is related to a person’s need. He divided his theory in different parts which will be explained in this report. The theory is based ...

The main purpose of this article is to present arguments of the “Third Force” which are the basis of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. These are augments that depart from Freudian and B.F. Skinner’s claims that man, in his actions, is driven by his base needs which include feeding, sex and the avoidance of pain. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs departs from the psychoanalytic school which emphasizes on the destructive tendencies of people. The most important information presented in the article is that humans show depravity and a destructive nature such as rape, theft and violence when they ...

Humanistic and Biological Approaches to Personality

Introduction Personality refers to the characteristic aspects of an individual both internally and externally. Internal factors refer to the motives, feelings, perceptions and attitudes of an individual while the external factors refer to bodily actions, speech, gestures and habits. In looking at these features, there has to be an element of consistency in the personality traits. In a given situation there is the way an individual would react and it is commonly known by peers and family.

Maslow Personality Theory

Maslow introduced a hierarchy of needs which he argued influenced a person’s personality. In the first hierarchy an individual is concerned with fulfilling ...

Module 2 Expand and Share Activity

For this activity, I have chosen to expand and share about the Conditions of Learning, namely the external and internal conditions of the learner, under the (2.2) Instructional Theories of Conditions of Learning by Robert Gagne and Leslie Briggs.

Upon reading Module 2, I have recognized the importance of determining and understanding the external and internal conditions of learning as the primary considerations for the facilitator to be properly guided in establishing the objectives and in choosing the appropriate and effective instructional strategies.

Summary

In my quest to expand what I have learned about Gagne and Briggs’ instructional theory, I ...

Rape culture is the collection of behaviors and perceptions that are associated with the act of rape (Shalhoub-Kevorkian, 1999). Circumstances that lead to and follow rape (i.e., pre-meditated, drug-induced, witnesses, false allegations), the nature of the relationship between the victim and the aggressor, and the public perception (i.e., religious views, women’s rights). Within this context it seems as though a day cannot go by without an individual in power making a highly offensive if not stupid remark about rape culture. There are web stories that take the headline, “the 9 most horribly insensitive Republican rape comments,” (Ranker, 2014) and “ ...

The caste system has been in existence for centuries in Asian countries such as India. The system involves placing individuals in occupational groups. The caste system is rooted in religion and is implemented based on labour division. It dictates the occupations an individual can pursue, as well as the kind of social interactions the person may engage in their lifetime. The caste system is only practised in the Hindu religion. The system has an order of hierarchy. Initially, there was no hierarchy but an order based on birth or occupation and personality. However, during the Holi event just before ...

Introduction

In the field of business, especially in relation to production and manufacturing industries, creating new products is always a distinct process that is taken into account with full consideration on the hierarchy of procedures. Relatively, the attention placed upon such operations confer to the need of defining the product, what it is for and how is it supposed to provide what the market demands for. Considerably attention to detail is necessary. This is the reason why it is always important for product creators or developers to have all the necessary documentations they need through research to be able to study ...

Introduction

The short story Country’s Lovers by Nadine Gordimer and the poem What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith are masterpieces in terms of their content and the themes that both pieces present to the readers. The overarching theme within both stories is the plight of the black woman in her social life. Country’s Lovers for example explains the vulnerability of the black woman in her romantic life. On the other hand, Smith’s poem explains the social hardships experienced by the black woman right from her tender age. This shows that there are ...

Introduction

People undergo different experiences at different times, and these experiences can have inevitable effect on their motivation. In other words, an individual’s motivation is shaped by different experience to which he/she is exposed. As part of this assignment, I recorded my personal experiences in a reflective journal over a period of two weeks so as to identify when I am highly motivated to achieve something or not motivated to get moving. In the first phase, this paper will provide an overview of the experiences recorded in the reflective journal and also give a more developed account of the experiences analysed. In ...

Problem Solving

Today, societies are more global than they have ever been in human history. Currently, there is a major exchange of knowledge and culture among various different groups of people. Sometimes problems may arise which can cause problems for a certain group or groups of people. A problem such as the color of a person's skin can lead to racism and cause a split in society. Oftentimes, the solution to these problems can be found when different groups, both large and small, come together in order to exchange ideas on problem solving. In their essay, James Surowiecki's "Committees, Juries, and Teams: The Columbia Disaster ...

Introduction

The main objectives and goals for formulating this plan are to improve the working conditions and policies of the Stanislaus Police Department. There are many things that need to be improved in the department. The department has had many complaints about their services especially in the traffic division. The traffic division has had many problems in that the citizens of the town have been complaining that they are receiving excess tickets. The problem also is that the traffic accidents in the region is claimed to have gone high. The media has also been involved in the problem in that ...

The theories of both Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill have played an important role in framing conceptions of modern philosophical theories. Although most modern philosophers have critiqued these theories, they are still important since they form the very basis of philosophical understanding and thought. This essay will summarize, reflect on and respond to the theories of Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill as well as the Deontological theory by Immanuel Kant.

Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian thought is heavily characterized by classical liberalism and positivism and is a ‘consequentialist’ theory. The utilitarian theory is a principle which believes that a right or ...

The mention of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs brings Abraham Maslow into mind. He is credited for the proposal for this human motivational theory that’s describes the stages of their growth. By definition, it is a concept in psychology that was proposed by Abraham Maslow in his paper entitled ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’ in Psychological Review back in the early 1940s. He later extended the idea so that the interpretations of human distinctive and inherent inquisitiveness would be included (DuBrin, 2009). It is from that background that this paper will endeavor at elucidating and giving further details on ...

The crisis of modern society is expressed in a crisis of identity as an individual social individual (man) and individual communities. The relationship between global, „world „society of individual communities is mediated by the so-called . Mega - trends: scientific and technical progress, economic integration , information and communication revolution , the movement for human rights and the practice of globalization, exposes contradictions identity of traditional and modern society , and identity of human existence in general . Where is the social process role and place of politics and religion - working on new content identity of a man and society , or maintaining the status quo ...

Supremacy of the American soldiers

One of the most pronounced aspects of social hierarchy during the Second World War in Germany was the perceived supremacy of the American soldiers. The American forces were part of the formidable allies that were fighting against the Germans and from the onset of the war, there was an unspoken perception that they were superior in almost every aspect, military wise, economic wise amongst other social dimensions. Even their language was considered superior! The Marriage of Maria Braun provides several striking depictions of this element of social hierarchy. It cannot be denied that the Americans had for several ...

One common fear is the fear of failing. Once one is comfortable with one thing or another, he or she will fear to fail in a filed of new responsibilities due to pride they have. One prefers to maintain his status quo because incompetence and poor service delivery is a sign of weakness and it is so demoralizing. Contrary to fear of failure is the fear of success, when one is successful, a lot of social capital in terms of recognition is experienced. Lots of attention is given to you and the pressure is felt. One therefore will be resistant to ...

Introduction

‘When employees feel inspired to live up to their full potential in the workplace, their companies excel.’ (Harvard Business School, 2005). In the fast changing environment of the 21st century, there have been a number of changes in which profit margins have decreased and companies have made the difficult decision to close down their businesses due to tough competition. Managers motivating employees to their full potential can generate a successful organisation, even in the tough times. The scope of this topic is to examine theories of motivation and to understand how they correlate with managers and employees in the workforce.

Description of motivation

‘ ...

Team: Date:

Herzberg Hygiene Motivational Survey Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the factors, which influence motivation according to Herzberg's Hygiene Motivational Model. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answers the following questions. Each team member should begin by taking the Herzberg Hygiene Motivational Survey and posting their results to the assignment link. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. Remember to cite your sources appropriately. 1. Herzberg contended that workplace motivation was the result of the interaction of satisfiers and ...

Essay Questions

Essay #1 Just-noticeable difference (JnD) is a marketing concept that aims at sustaining proper price and quality for commodities. Therefore, it is an extremely significant element to any marketer. It aids in setting up necessary marketing principles for a product through accurate consideration and representation of various factors that may influence the market of a product. For example, a chocolate manufacturer may consider this element to make outstanding presentation about the product on pricing, packaging, and promotional claims in times when ingredient and material costs rise as well as increase in competition. In most cases, packaging of a product determines its attractiveness ...

Ensuring Attractive Jobs and Workplaces for the Employees

Introduction – Context and Purpose of the Study For keeping the attractiveness of the jobs and workplaces, employers should design strategies to determine the employees to feel that the workplace in which they are answer their needs and keeps up with their dynamic lifestyle. In the current socio – economic environment, maintaining employees satisfied at their jobs implies both a professional and a social approach. This paper proposes to identify human resources strategies for satisfying the employees’ needs, for maintaining jobs stimulating and flexible, allowing a balance between their work hours and their free time, and for keeping the employees directly interested in ...

When studying motivation, researchers refer to the human needs, synthetized by Maslow in his “pyramid of needs”. According to Maslow, (in Lauby, 2005), people and employees inclusively, need to satisfy the following set of needs: psychological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self – actualization. Maslow has built the pyramid of needs to indicate the hierarchical levels of needs that a person can reach, from the most basic to the highest, specifying how s/he comes to realize that s/he needs to evolve on this hierarchy of needs. In satisfying these needs, there must be known the fact that this is a gradual process, ...

1.1Introduction Most of the societies around the world must possess the most obvious characteristics and nature of an orderly society. An orderly society is that which would permit healthy interaction and way of life of its citizens for a long period. Nevertheless, different societies have different form of order (Darbyshire, 1995, p. 27). Some societies are structured with clear regulations that allow them to work in abidance to the set rules, while other societies operates in what can be considered an unstructured way with apparently very few strict rules and regulations to be followed. In every society, order ...

Introduction

The provision of safe, clean and all user friendly roads in towns and cities requires a careful and strategic urban planning process by various involved stakeholders. A carefully implemented urban plan where the ideas obtained from various stakeholders are reviewed carefully will ensure that the needs of all the urban dwellers are put into consideration. Urban planning foresees the needs concerning safety, security and welfare of all citizens in terms of improving infrastructure, provision of abundant water, lighting and energy sources among other necessities. The relevance of urban planning process which aims at improving and improvising roads and streets ...

The humanist approach to development puts the individual at the centre as the focal point. Humanistic theories focus on the person’s experiences, needs, desires, preferences, and motives in life. Humanist thinkers strongly claim that an individual person is moulded not by his external environment but by his strong inner will. This essay shall dwell on the salient details about the humanist theory and its implications on classroom teaching, especially in the elementary education levels K to Grade 8.

A Closer Look at Humanism

Humanism thinking emerged in the field of psychology in the 1960s that became a move contradicting the then-dominant behaviourism paradigm. While behaviourism ...

Born April 1908, Abraham Maslow would spend the next thirty years and beyond, experiencing, and deciphering his motivations before considering his revolutionary career. Within it, surfaced an idea that human beings are what they achieve. That their attributes are not natural, nor are they given, but are earned after a succession of conditions that equate them into well-rounded and contented circumstances. Maslow’s encounter with psychological theory was ignited after a long spell of dissuasion. The eldest of eight children to uneducated Jewish immigrants, Brooklyn-raised Abraham Maslow matured from anti-Semitism, schoolyard isolation, and books. As the eldest, he was dutiful ...

Abstract Shelter is one of the basic human necessities. Provision of decent-quality and affordable housing is one challenge that various authorities have been faced with, and Sheffield is not left behind. Though she has surpassed her average annual housing needs, Sheffield is still struggling to mitigate housing problems. This research project reviews the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in Sheffield’s housing and how education level affects the adoption of GIS in affordable housing initiatives. In order to achieve this objective, the current state of Sheffield’s housing is exhaustively considered. Using the boundary data from EDINA ...

What need theory would explain why Samuel Gibson was unhappy despite his high income?

Gibson’s unhappiness can best be explained by the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory. According to Abraham Maslow, human beings can be categorized in different classes depending on the various desires in their lives. The categories can be classified into groupings and could necessarily be ranked in a hierarchy coming up with a hierarchy of needs. In this regard, human beings are usually are in pursuit of various needs. The reception of a particular class of needs preempt the need for the next category. Ordinarily, at the ...

Abstract

Many of the US companies are trying to enter international markets, outsource the manufacturing processes, and become international. Such activity needs certain knowledge from the company’s managers and all those colleagues that will participate in communications with the foreign partners. Spain has a very rich history and culture and therefore there are many aspects that US business people should learn before starting to work with Spanish partners, suppliers or customers. The economic situation, business etiquette and traditions in Spain are different from the US ones. This is mostly caused by the relaxed rhyme of life in this country and ...

We would like to present you with this particular proposal on creating possible adjustments in the governance system that Toronto operates and functions with. In relation to this matter, we see the need to create particular adjustments that might be needed to specifically handle the growing number of residents in the city and making sure impact on how their needs and demands for good governance is properly served. We would like to call such proposal as the Local Reform Project: A Focus on Improved Public Participation and Community Councils. The aspect of control is a strongly determining factor in ...

Improving large format printing in Marketing Advantage

Introduction Marketing advantage is a private company (family owned), based in Salt Lake City, Utah. The major activities of the company include vehicle wrap which is mainly vehicle sales advertising, contract printing done on behalf of external marketing companies which involves customized printing on small marketing type items and lastly , large format printing done on behalf of local companies and national resellers which include printing of flags, banners, signs, tents, giant inflatables and tradeshow displays. All the operations of the company currently takes place on a 19,000 square facility and a total of thirty employees who are both full time ...

Introduction of Organizational Structure Essay

Organizational structure denotes the arrangement of tasks and people carrying out those tasks in an organization. It refers to how employees are arranged within the organization, how their functions are specifically distributed and how they carry out those functions. Managers are also part of the structures, which should show the role they play in how the employees carry out their functions. It showcases the relationship between the different bodies in the organization and focuses on how this relationship can meet the goals of the organization. Typically, an organizational structure is supposed to be an organized way in which people ...

Introduction

Social hierarchies have been in existence from time immemorial in all human societies. Social hierarchies constructed during the ancient civilizations were more pronounced than those in the contemporary societies. The hierarchies are contracted on three main bases: gender, age, and other parameters that group individuals and defined differently by different societies. There are mainly two hierarchies in the society: dominant and subordinate groups. The dominant enjoys more privileges than the subordinate group. Social dominance orientation measures the extent to which individuals embrace ideologies and myths that encourage and tend to justify the existence and maintenance of social hierarchies ...

Introduction

Many theories have emerged on ways of motivating workers as a solution to the low productivity in the working place. Since the world war, issues in the workplace have emerged, such as equality, gender discrimination, poor interpersonal and interpersonal relationships, and job dissatisfaction among other issues. Over the decades, motivation of employees has been seen as one of the most effective solutions to improve productivity in the working place. Today, many employees embrace various methods that motivate their work force such as rewards, provision of good working condition, job security, and eliminating any factor that would cause job dissatisfaction to ...

In the bureaucratic leadership, the insistence was on a top-down paradigm where physical production was consider as a key element of the organization. In this case, the knowledge structures and the decision-making process would trickle down from the top management and filter through the hierarchy levels of management. However, with the post-bureaucratic era of organizations and business, the dynamism of the environment along which businesses operate means that there is a need to allow models that can help manage knowledge irrespective of the hierarchy level from where originate (Uhl-Bien, Marion, & McKelvey, 2007). The workers at lower levels of management or technical levels ...

Introduction and Problem Identification

Organization is a social phenomenon, where individual actors and organizational group factors outline the set of behaviours and personality traits, which build on the comfort zone and standards of those, within it (Armstrong & Baron, 2002). To understand the relationships between organizational culture and personality traits and cultural influence on individual behaviour it is critical to recognize that the as social element, organization and individuals are mutually affected (Huczynski & Buchanan 2010). That said; the values, principles and procedures within the company are static, influenced by the individual behaviours, while the same individuals change their roles and acts, influenced by the group ...

Are Organizations Rational?

Organizations assume varied functioning and division of the labor procedures. Each organization adopts a system of management that best fits its model of business. Essentially, organizations select systems of management that synchronize effectively with their functions. Organizations are rational because, all departments mainly work towards achieving a common goal. All stakeholders in the organization understand the firm’s mission and objectives that they work towards achieving (Scott, 2003). This paper examines a controversial subject that questions whether organizations are rational. In exploring this subject, the paper initially revisits the meaning of a rational organization to draw a clear conclusion whether organizations are rational. The ...

All the problems that are Google is facing within the organization can be addressed through two motivational theories; one being the Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory and the other being Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory.

Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Frederick Herzberg conducted studies to identify the factors which caused and hindered the satisfaction in the employees in the work environment. This study was performed so that the levels of motivation and the attitudes of employees could be better understood. Factors that led to satisfaction at work included: recognition, achievement, growth, responsibility, work, and advancement. The factors which led to dissatisfaction included supervision, work ...

Introduction

Art and design discipline is struggling to bring together the role of design as a catalyst in a consumer driven economy and its position in planning and implementing lifestyle-sustaining businesses. Designers have a potential to produce products and offer services for social good. However, a gap exists between this potential and callous consumerism. , asserts that consumerist communities devote nearly all of their time, energy, and resources to ‘consuming’, which according to the business men and women is seen as something good. (Cross 2001, pp. 49-55) defined cconsumerism as a personal belief that one’s wellbeing and pleasure depends significantly on the level of ...

The area of Human Resources, or HR, has become a topic of substantial debate in the rapidly evolving international economy. This study will examine the overall impact that the HR practice can have on a business with the intention of developing a better appreciation of the underlying components that serve to propel or hinder performance. The ability to analyse relevant case studies and data will illustrate the practice that will provide the means to construct a better future predictive model. In the end this study will have examined past practice, modern interpretation and future potential of the HR practice with the stated ...

A Brief Study

Leadership, Motivation and the Case of Alex & Stephanie: A Brief Study

The case of Alex and Stephanie (Robbins & Judge, 2010, pp. 712-714) and their experiences in motivation and subordination while working for their respective bosses throws to light some very interesting facts about the theories of motivation and leadership. The case presents to us two individual Alex and Stephanie who are working at a local supermarket and come from pretty similar backgrounds and needs. Both are students in the state university and work to make ends meet and help pay tuition fees. The experiences of the two individuals, ...

Negotiation styles among different groups are entrenched in their customs and background. Negotiations are used by different groups to arrive at a common ground on certain issues and problem (Lewicki, Barry & Saunders , 2010). The negotiation depends on different variables such as people, circumstance, time and position of power. People in high positions of power have a high probability of getting aggressive on their negotiation platform.

The Americans have a tendency of picking up the phone and immediately starting the negotiation. The direct mode of negotiation may scare away clients who would see their mode of business as aggressive and arrogant. The ...

Communication Techniques

Abstract In a society, it is very important for people to communicate in order to have a peaceful co-existence. This is also the same for an organization. The organization behaviour is essential because it guides and improves the behaviours and the attitudes of the people in the organization. This is why the organization theory was formulated. The organization theory has enabled people to form a hierarchy in, which communication occurs from the manager to the normal workers. Feedback was formulated in order for the workers to be able to communicate and provide imputes on important decisions made by the managers. Efficiency ...

Business

Internal and External Communication Definition of Communication (USCAnnenberg, Video, 21 July 2003): Communication has been come a central point in most organizations today especially as the world is fast going global. Communication in a lay man’s way will be simply the sending and receiving of information. Communication in an organization is more simply than sending and receiving of information. Communication plays a vital role in an organization because a poor quality communication system may lead to failure in the organization’s operations. The communication system in an organization can be defined as; The process of transmitting a message (information, ...